Psychological Theory Research Articles

Konflik Batin Tokoh Tomoya Sugisaki dalam Anime Summer Ghost karya Loundraw

This research examines the inner conflict experienced by the character in the Anime “Summer Ghost”, the main character Tomoya Sugisaki, by Loundraw. The purpose of the research is to describe the form and inner conflict of Tomoya Sugisaki's character by using qualitative method. The theory used in this research, namely the theory of literary psychology proposed by Wellek and Warren and Psychoanalysis Theory according to Kurt Lewin. The results of this study show several forms of inner conflict experienced by Tomoya Sugisaki which include: approach-approach conflict, avoidance-avoidance conflict, and approach-avoidance conflict. One of the most prominent causes of inner conflict in Tomoya Sugisaki, which is very visible in the social relationships in the character's life, is the driving force due to the curiosity of the character about many things.

An agent in a world of possibilities: Introductory overview of the special issue

Possibilities are deeply engrained in psychology’s attempts to understand human behavior. This special issue offers diverse and novel insights into the role of possibilities. Two articles on morality show surprising links to mental illness and to counterfactual outcomes: People think doing immoral things is a sign of mental illness, and morally unwelcome outcomes stimulate retroactive imputation of more alternatives. Three articles address classic questions of determinism and choice: Possibilities are shaped by prior events, but pure determinism is useless for psychological theory, and meanwhile some perspectives in modern physics clash with psychological observations and experience. Imitation promotes prosociality but people are highly selective as to what they imitate.

Team case formulation for challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards

Due to the high prevalence of challenging behaviours on acute psychiatric wards, there is a need for more therapeutic interventions that utilize psychological theory to support staff and patients. This study assessed feasibility, effectiveness and mechanisms of multidisciplinary team case formulation to reduce challenging behaviours of patients. This was a cohort study with a pre‐ and post‐formulation analysis of patients from five acute wards. Structured team case formulation sessions were held using an integrative psychological model incorporating cognitive behavioural principles and the Newcastle model. Staff attendance and fidelity to formulation components were recorded. Frequency of staff-rated challenging behaviours and the frequency of incidents of violence and self‐harm pre‐ and one‐week post‐formulation were assessed. To test mechanisms, changes in staff perceptions of the overall frequency of challenging behaviours and the number of incidents of violence and self‐harm were compared to the number of strategies identified, the number of strategies implemented, and the number of staff present. Participants (N = 50) had a range of serious mental health conditions, including 50% with F20???F29 schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder. Fidelity to formulation model components was found to be high. There was a significant decrease in staff perception of the frequency of patients’ challenging behaviours, with large effect sizes. There was strong evidence of a reduction in the number of violent incidents and self‐harm post‐case formulation. None of the mechanism tests were significant. Case formulation sessions appear to be a feasible and effective intervention to reduce challenging behaviours within acute inpatient care.

Revisión sistemática de intervenciones para favorecer la actividad física desde una perspectiva psicológica

Interventions to promote physical activity (PA) are interesting alternatives to other specific treatments to improve health, even though not all of them are based on psychological theories, which would favor adherence and maintenance of such habit. A systematic review of studies on psychological interventions to promote PA conducted during the last 10 years was carried out. The searches were made in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Redalyc, ScienceDirect and Scielo. Of the 491 articles found, 13 met the selected criteria. All, except one, reported improvements in psychological variables, with nine demonstrating significant increases in levels of PA. Only six studies included long-term follow-up. It is possible to promote PA through psychological interventions, however, the scarcity of studies with Spanish-speaking populations and the variability of methods used suggest the need for further research on the subject.

Personality Structure of Arthur Fleck as the Main Character in the Film Joker by Todd Phillips

This research analyzes the narrative elements contained in the film Joker by Todd Phillips and the personality structure of Arthur Fleck as the main character in the film Joker by Todd Phillips. This research aims to find: 1) Describe the narrative elements contained in the film Joker by Todd Phillips. 2) Describe the personality structure of Arthur Fleck as the main character in the film Joker by Todd Phillips. The researcher applies a narratological approach and is supported by psychological theory in the literary works of Sigmund Freud. The structuralism method is a method used by researchers to find research results. The results of this research show that in the film Joker by Todd Phillips there are six narrative elements. The six narrative elements include time sequence, space elements, plot, characterization, conflict and objective elements. Then the results of this research show that Arthur Fleck as the main character articulates three personality structures, namely the id aspect, ego aspect and superego aspect. First, the id aspect of Arthur Fleck's personality structure is divided into three types, namely desire, instinct and enjoyment. Second, the ego aspect of Arthur Fleck's personality structure is divided into two types, namely action and satisfaction. Finally, the superego aspect of Arthur Fleck's personality structure is divided into two types, namely good morals and bad morals.

The Impact of Live Streaming of Fresh Agricultural Products on Consumers' Purchase Intention-Consider the Regulatory Role of Policy Support

To understand the influence of fresh agricultural products online live on consumer purchase intention, based on SOR (Stimuli-Organism-Response) theory framework, with convenience, interactivity, anchor prestige, task fit as a stimulus variable, to customer participation as a psychological latent variable construction theory model, based on the questionnaire data, using the structural equation model of measurement model consistency, reliability, convergence validity and validity test, and explore the role of the latent variables, with path coefficient as an observation index analysis of the model results. The research results show that convenience, interactivity, anchor reputation and task fit have significant positive effects on customer participation, among which the biggest influence is convenience; in the process of convenience and interaction on customer participation, policy support plays a positive regulating role, in the process of anchor reputation and task fit on customer participation.

A Study on Foreign Language Learning Anxiety and Enjoyment of English Major Postgraduates

With the development of humanism, positive psychology and other related theories and practices, foreign language enjoyment and self-efficacy have also received more and more attention and research. Through literature review, the research on foreign language enjoyment is limited in China, and the research on English majors is even more limited. Therefore, this study chooses English major postgraduates as the special research object, aiming at putting forward useful suggestions for promoting students' academic and professional development.

Hormonal contraceptive use, not menstrual cycle phase, is associated with reduced interest in competition

Despite numerous studies attempting to understand the influence of fertility and hormonal contraceptives on competitive outcomes, the association between these variables remain a contentious issue. Using a longitudinal, online diary study with over 5600 daily observations (N = 302 community and undergraduate student participants), we explored the effects of fertility probability and hormonal contraceptive use on a range of self-report competitive outcomes. Specifically, we sought to replicate existing findings by examining whether self-reported competitive motivation increases mid-cycle and how hormonal contraceptive use affects these patterns. We also sought to extend this literature by collecting a range of self-report measures of competitive behavior across the menstrual cycle. Using an evolutionary and data-driven framework, we combined six behaviors females use to compete for mates and status: gossip, social comparison, negative evaluations of others, appearance enhancement, giving advice and taking sexy self-portraits. Contrary to our predictions, fertility probability was not associated with fluctuations in self-reported competitive motivation or behavior. However, replicating existing literature, hormonal contraceptive users reported a general lack of interest in competition compared to non-users. This latter finding raises important questions about the long-term implications of hormonal contraceptive use and suggests a need for further research to investigate the psychosocial effects of hormonal contraceptives. Finally, as a near direct replication of an existing longitudinal study, the current research offers a unique contribution by considering the role of context in hormone mediated research. We question the idea that a failure to replicate reflects the quality of the theory or the research, but instead suggest that context should be considered when developing psychological theory.

KENDHANGAN NARTOSABDAN PEMBENTUK KARAKTERISTIK GENDING SEMARANGAN

Rambu Solo’ is one of the most expensive traditional funerals in the world. This has created a general impression that Rambu Solo’ must always be lavishly performed, although in reality it can be adjusted to the bereaved family’s financial circumstances. This research seeks to explain how Rambu Solo’ can be motivated by both urgency and prestige using Abraham Maslow’s humanistic psychology theory. This research applied the qualitative method. Data were collected by interviewing a traditional leader named Ambe Tawang with the aid of a local interpreter, Baharuddin Palepong, who lived in Lembang Palesan, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. After collection, the data were then analyzed, reduced, presented, and verified. This study found that only few people still perform Rambu Solo’ to gain prestige, while most people in Lembang Palesan perform it

UPACARA ADAT RAMBU SOLO’: ANTARA GENGSI DAN URGENSI

Rambu Solo’ is one of the most expensive traditional funerals in the world. This has created a general impression that Rambu Solo’ must always be lavishly performed, although in reality it can be adjusted to the bereaved family’s financial circumstances. This research seeks to explain how Rambu Solo’ can be motivated by both urgency and prestige using Abraham Maslow’s humanistic psychology theory. This research applied the qualitative method. Data were collected by interviewing a traditional leader named Ambe Tawang with the aid of a local interpreter, Baharuddin Palepong, who lived in Lembang Palesan, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. After collection, the data were then analyzed, reduced, presented, and verified. This study found that only few people still perform Rambu Solo’ to gain prestige, while most people in Lembang Palesan perform it because of urgency factor, that has been passed down from generation to generation.

Stress levels amongst Turkish dental students, general dentists and paediatric dentists during performing paediatric dentistry: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to evaluate stress levels and stressors amongst dental students, general dentists and paediatric dentists treating paediatric patients. This study was conducted on 664 dentistry students, general dentists and paediatric dentists in Turkey. Data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and the Pedodontic Practice Stress Scale (PPSS). Stressors when treating paediatric patients were compared between the groups. The scores obtained from the questionnaire were analysed. Compliance with normal distribution was analysed according to Kurtosis-Skewness values. One-way analysis was used to compare the scale scores (p < 0.050). Of the participants, 74.54% were female and 25.46% were male. The females showed a significantly higher level of stress, compared to the males (p = 0.001).When compared according to the level of education, the mean total stress scores did not differ (p = 0.211), but the mean complication score was found to be statistically significantly higher in paediatric dentists (p = 0.001). In addition, the lowest mean stress score was found in dental students. Statistically significant differences were found in all sections of the PPSS scale in terms of the ability to manage a paediatric patient as an adult patient and the importance of knowing child psychology theories. Factors, such as the educational status, the number of patients treated, the behaviour of the patient's relatives and the potential to communicate with them, cause variable stress in dental students and general and specialist dentists working with children.

Influence of Hotel Design on Guest Experience and Satisfaction in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low-cost advantage as compared to field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that aesthetic appeal, functionality, and comfort of hotel interiors significantly contribute to guest satisfaction. Elements such as room layout, furniture design, lighting, and color schemes can create a welcoming and relaxing atmosphere, enhancing the perceived quality of the stay. Additionally, common areas like lobbies, restaurants, and recreational facilities also impact guests' first impressions and ongoing experiences. The design must cater to diverse guest needs, offering both communal and private spaces that facilitate social interactions and personal relaxation. Moreover, incorporating local culture and unique design elements can provide a memorable and authentic experience, further boosting guest satisfaction. Sustainable and eco-friendly design practices are increasingly valued by guests, reflecting their growing environmental consciousness. Overall, a well-thought-out hotel design can significantly enhance guest experience, leading to higher satisfaction, repeat visits, and positive reviews, which are vital for the hotel's success in a competitive market. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental psychology theory, services cape theory and expectancy-disconfirmation theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Hotels should prioritize investing in visually appealing and unique design elements, especially in common areas like lobbies. Policymakers should encourage and incentivize sustainable design practices in the hospitality industry.

Tools to Assess Neurocognitive Development: Reciprocal Insights from Theory and Neuroscience

Neurocognitive assessments are fundamental for modeling human development. The proposition of this article is that insights from both theory and neuroscience can mutually advance each other, and both can serve as reciprocal tools for constructing improved assessments. Children begin with an abundance of neurons at birth and evolve into sophisticated problem solvers. Grounded in historical perspectives shaped by classic figures such as Ramon y Cajal, Binet, and Piaget, this article delves into the developmental theory of constructive operators. It integrates ideas from psychological theory and neuroscience findings. Four guiding principles emerge that can help steer the course of developmental cognitive neuroscience (i.e., age groupings, child-friendly and culture-appropriate assessments, and meta-subjective task analysis). These principles underscore the benefits of employing theoretically based measures that highlight cognitive potential in complement to learning outcomes and have applications both behaviorally and in neuroimaging. This strategic approach holds considerable promise for driving progress in science, education, clinical practice, and policymaking.

The Impact of Social Concepts on Adventure Tourism Participation: A Mixed Method Study

Self-identity theory in social psychology highlights the importance of social groups, interactions, and context in shaping an individual's sense of self and how this self-identity influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior. This research seeks to review various literature on adventure tourism by providing a specific exploration of the role of self-identity in triggering participation in forms of adventure tourism using a mixed-method research design, 50 visitors were identified as informants for the qualitative research, and 329 respondents were surveyed as visitors to surfing tourist destinations at Menganti, Widarapayung, and Parangtritis beaches. All hypotheses proposed in this research were accepted. This shows that comparisons between regions show little difference among young consumers. The model presented and tested in this research provides a solid theoretical framework and can help understand self-identity as a driver of consumer participation. Managerial implications can provide understanding for surf destination managers so that they reflect the importance of creating a positive attitude towards the product before traveling.

I Made Fire! I—Made—Fire! A Response to “Loneliness” by Frieda Fromm-Reichmann

The article is a response to Fromm-Reichmann’s “Loneliness,” first published in the middle of the 20th century and continuing to resonate deeply a quarter through the 21st century. Along with general reflections, Adler’s Individual Psychological theory serves as a framework for the discussion, emphasizing the indivisibility of human nature and oneness as an ultimate human striving and an antidote to loneliness.

Romanticizing Life and Self Love between Phenomenon and Reality

This form of romanticizing life aims so that we as weak humans can balance all the good and bad things that happen in our lives and that we can accept them well. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, documentation and literature study using Sigmund Freud's communication psychology theory. This research was conducted to find out what methods are often used to romanticize each person's version of life. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that one form of romanticizing life can be done by carrying out positive creative activities such as bucket workshops. Through this activity they can express and give appreciation to themselves by creating work according to their own choice.

A Perspective Study of Infamous Classic Women in the Novels of Vaishnavi Patel’s ‘Kaikeyi’ and Kavita Kane’s ‘Karna’s Wife: the Outcast’s Queen’

Abstract Indian Mythology has many complex characters that reflect contemporary issues. Vaishnavi Patel and Kavita Kane, renowned women writers, have reinterpreted the epic tales of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata through a modern perspective. This paper examines human behaviour using a psychological approach in Patel’s “Kaikeyi”and Kavita Kane’s “Karna’s Wife: The Outcast’s Queen”. Patel’s“Kaikeyi”explores the protagonist’s optimistic traits, her childhood longings, and her feminist qualities. Traditionally depicted as a villain in the Ramayana, Kaikeyi is recognized as Rama’s stepmother who instigates his exile. However, before assuming this role, she experienced a difficult and challenging childhood in the Kingdom of Kekaya. The novel sheds light on the darker aspects of Kaikeyi’s past, providing a deeper understanding of her character. Kavita Kane’s interest lies in unveiling the complexities of classic women in her literary works. In “Karna’s Wife”, Uruvi, the protagonist, is portrayed as the marginalized wife of Karna, who belongs to the Sutapura lineage. Uruvi, a princess from the Kshatriya family of Pukeya kingdom is depicted as an optimistic character with great skills, knowledge, and mental strength.These two novels focus on the lives of classic women, their behavioural changes, and their insecurities in different situations. Women are inherently multifaceted and encounter various challenges throughout their lives. Different approaches are required to address these challenges. According to Sigmund Freud, the human psyche consists of three aspects that interact and influence each other to create complex human behaviour. Freud’s psychological theory can be used to analyse the characters of Kaikeyi and Uruvi in these novels. The study attempts to highlight the need for women to overcome feelings of insecurity, emotional dependence, to achieve self-realization, and build resilience, which are essential qualities in the contemporary era.

Reasonableness of court decisions in the paradigm of psychological, logical and doctrinal analysis

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of reasoning of court decisions through psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects. Reasonableness of court decisions is a multifaceted concept, which is influenced by the interaction of these three key aspects. Studying the characteristics of a court decision as a special type of legal document through the prism of interdisciplinary dialogue improves understanding of the processes underlying judicial thinking and the formalization of its outcome. Cognitive biases, emotional state and social pressure influence the decision-making process. The article analyzes certain psychological theories and concepts that emphasize the influence of psychological factors on the motivation of judicial decisions. The author emphasizes the importance of logical consistency in legal reasoning. The author examines the common logical techniques, used in rendering court decisions and their reasoning, and also identifies the importance of consistent and rational judgments in law enforcement. In addition, the author examines how established legal doctrines affect the characteristics of a court decision, including its motivation, and how deviations from these doctrines may affect public perception of court decisions. Understanding and taking into account psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects in the process of making a court decision is important for increasing the level of motivation of court decisions, and as a result, ensuring the right to a fair trial and building trust in the legal system in general

Integrating Psychological Insights into Aesthetic Medicine: A Cross-Generational Analysis of Patient Archetypes (IMPACT Study).

Aesthetic medicine has evolved significantly, accommodating diverse demographics and motivations influenced by societal shifts and technological advancements. The IMPACT (integrative multigenerational psychological analysis for cosmetic treatment) study refines patient archetypes, integrating psychological theories to tailor treatments, especially for younger demographics and LGBTQIA + communities. This cross-sectional study utilized a comprehensive, validated survey with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.92, distributed across a globally diverse, generationally stratified sample. Techniques like regression analysis, ANOVA, Bayesian modelling, and factor analysis were employed to analyse the data, focusing on developing nuanced patient archetypes. Among 5645 participants, 5340 complete responses highlighted significant generational differences in aesthetic preferences. Millennials showed a strong preference for non-invasive procedures (β = 0.65, p < 0.001). ANOVA results confirmed significant variances across generations [F (3, 5118) = 157.6, p < 0.001], with post-hoc analyses delineating specific inter-group differences. Bayesian modelling provided insights into the probability of non-invasive preferences among younger cohorts at over 92% certainty. Factor analysis revealed key dimensions such as 'Generational Influence' and 'Technological Adoption,' which helped in defining archetypes including Dynamic Self-Identity, Digital Native, Stability Seeker, Classic Conservatism, and Holistic Health, collectively explaining up to 78% of the variance in responses. The IMPACT study underscores the influence of generational identity and digital exposure on aesthetic preferences, advocating for personalized, archetype-based treatment approaches. This aligns with enhancing patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes, promoting an adaptive aesthetic medicine practice that meets the evolving needs of modern patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Understanding the dynamics of social interaction in SIoT: Human-machine engagement

The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) amalgamates social networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable intelligent devices to form social connections analogous to human networks. This research is grounded in psychological contract theory, which examines the reciprocal mechanisms arising from diverse customer interactions to encourage user engagement and provide recommendations on social media platforms. This study in particular identifies the factors that drive customer engagement on social media. It is unique in its exploration of customer interactions within the framework of psychological contracts across multiple levels of customer engagement (through customer empowerment). The findings reveal that psychological ownership among customers is influenced by empowering interactions on social media, which ultimately drive engagement behaviors.