Psychological Propensity Research Articles

Exploring Foreign Language Learning Motivation

Motivation is crucial for second language (SL) learners. Motivation is an important factor in second foreign language learning. It alludes to a psychological propensity for learning foreign languages. The motivation of second language learners is examined in this work by categorizing motivation, outlining the motivational variables in L2 learning, and concentrating on the various motivational types. This paper divided second language motivation (SLM) into four parts: Internal and external motivation; Integrative and instrumental motivation; General motivation and specific motivation and other motivations. Finally, the paper draws on some recent ideas about the nature of the concept.

FEATURES OF EXPERT RESEARCH OF THE AFFECTIVE SPHERE OF PERSONALITY

Forensic psychological examination as a special procedural action,clearly regulated by law, the main purpose is to obtain an expert opinion.Examination is carried out in situations when there is a need to applyhighly specialized psychological knowledge to address issues that ariseduring the investigation of a crime.Of particular importance is the psychological analysis of the psychophysiologicalstate of the subject, as the examination of the states ofaffect and all related procedural actions are extremely complex. The purposeof the article is to reveal some specific aspects of the organizationof expert research on the psychological propensity to experience affect.Object of research: psychophysiological basis of the emotional sphere ofpersonality. Subject of research: features of expert research of the affectivesphere of personality.The interest of law enforcement agencies in the SPE of the psychologicalstate of a person at the time of the offense is caused by the fact thatmany serious crimes related to physical violence are committed in a stateof so-called strong emotional excitement caused by wrongdoing.If the fact of a person being in a state of strong emotional excitementduring the period under study is established, then his actions entaila significant mitigation of liability. Using Student’s t-test, significantdifferences were found between the control and experimental groups interms of mental activation, interest, emotional tone, tension, comfort.The experimental group is dominated by states: mental activation, emotionaltone and comfort, in the control — more represented interest andtension.In addition, statistically significant differences between subgroupsof men (and between experimental and control groups in general) were found for all emotional states, but no statistically significant differenceswere found between subgroups of women for “comfort”. Based on theobtained data, we can assume that the experimental group (a group ofpeople who are psychologically prone to experiencing affect) has a highlevel of mental activation, emotional tone and comfort.

Self-Interested Framed and Prosocially Framed Messaging Can Equally Promote COVID-19 Prevention Intention: A Replication and Extension of Jordan et al.'s Study (2020) in the Japanese Context.

How can we effectively promote the public’s prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection? Jordan et al. (2020) found with United States samples that emphasizing either self-interest or collective-interest of prevention behaviors could promote the public’s prevention intention. Moreover, prosocially framed messaging was more effective in motivating prevention intention than self-interested messaging. A dual consideration of both cultural psychology and the literature on personalized matching suggests the findings of Jordan et al. (2020) are counterintuitive, because persuasion is most effective when the frame of the message delivered and the recipient of the message are culturally congruent. In order to better understand the potential influence of culture, the current research aimed to replicate and extend Jordan et al. (2020) findings in the Japanese context. Specifically, we examined the question (1) whether the relative effectiveness of the prosocial appeal is culturally universal and robust, (2) which types of ‘others’ especially promote prevention intention, and (3) which psychological mechanisms can explain the impact of messaging on prevention intention. In Study 1 (N = 1,583), we confirmed that self-interested framed, prosocially framed, and the combination of both types of messaging were equally effective in motivating prevention intention. In Study 2 (N = 1,686), we found that family-framed messaging also had a promoting effect similar to that from self-interested and prosocial appeals. However, the relative advantage of prosocial appeals was not observed. Further, a psychological propensity relevant to sensitivity to social rejection did not moderate the impact of messaging on prevention intention in both studies. These results suggest that since engaging in the infection control itself was regarded as critical by citizens after public awareness of COVID-19 prevention has been sufficiently heightened, for whom we should act might not have mattered. Further, concerns for social rejection might have had less impact on the prevention intentions under these circumstances. These results suggest that the relative advantage of a prosocial appeal might not be either culturally universal or prominent in a collectivistic culture. Instead, they suggest that the advantages of such an appeal depends on the more dynamic influence of COVID-19 infection.

Anti‐Vaccination Beliefs and Unrelated Conspiracy Theories

Much recent literature has examined the correlates of anti‐vaccination beliefs, without specifying the mechanism that creates adherence to these debunked ideas. We posit that anti‐vaccination beliefs are an outcome of a general psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies based on new research on the interconnectedness of conspiracy beliefs. These ideas are tested with a confirmatory factor analysis and a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model of a nationally representative U.S. sample from the 2016 American National Election Studies. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that anti‐vaccination beliefs highly correlate with belief in the unrelated conspiracies that Obama is a Muslim and 9/11 trutherism. Our SUR models also show that all three of these very different beliefs have similar predictors. All three have a negative correlation with political trust, political knowledge, education, and a positive correlation with authoritarianism. Thus, anti‐vaccination beliefs are shown to be part of a psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies.

Characteristics of volunteer motivation to mentor youth

Characteristics of volunteer motivation to mentor youth

Migration as a human affair: Integrating individual stress thresholds into quantitative models of climate migration

Sea level rise will expose millions of people to increasing coastal hazards and eventual land loss. Thus, it is important to understand how residents will make decisions about whether and when to move away with increasing exposure. Historically, non-material dimensions of human decision-making have been missing from quantitative modelling of migration under environmental change. Here, we use behavioural migration theory and the concept of an inherent mobility potential to define individual stress thresholds, represented in the tension between mobility potential and residential satisfaction. We further suggest that migration as an outcome is determined by psychological propensity to move, and that levels of capital act to modulate, rather than determine, migration responses, their timing and outcome. Using the southwest coast of Bangladesh as our case study, we quantify these characteristics using the results of a 1500 household social survey and define an exposure index based on projections of sea surface height drawn from a physical model. Aggregating data to the village level, we are able to identify place-specific mobility responses; for example, locations where high mobility characteristics are associated with high exposure and thus migration may occur earlier in response to increasing coastal hazard. By advancing theory on individual thresholds and demonstrating that complex human characteristics can be usefully quantified, we further the ability of such characteristics to be included in modelling approaches. The empirical results contribute to debates on immobility under climate change, and decision-making on the most appropriate adaptive responses to protect multi-dimensional well-being of climate-vulnerable people.

Gender Differences in Aggression-related Responses on EEG and ECG.

Gender differences in aggression viewed from an evolutionary and sociocultural perspective have traditionally explained why men engage in more direct and physical aggression, and women engage in more indirect and relational aggression. However, psychological and behavioral studies offer inconsistent support for this theory due to personal or social factors, and little is known about the gender-based neurobiological mechanisms of aggression. This study investigates gender differences in aggression through an analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) based neurobiological responses to commonly encountered stimuli, as well as psychological approaches in healthy Korean youth. Our results from self-reports indicate that overall aggression indices, including physical and reactive/overt aggression, were stronger in men. This agrees with the results of previous studies. Furthermore, our study reveals prominent gender-related patterns in γ signals from the right ventrolateral frontal cortex and changes in heart rate through stimulation by aggressive videos. In particular, gender differences in EEG and ECG responses were observed in response to different scenes, as simple aversion and situation-dependent aggression, respectively. In addition, we discovered decisive gender-distinct EEG signals during stimulation of the situation-dependent aggression regions within the right ventromedial prefrontal and ventrolateral frontal regions. Our findings provide evidence of a psychological propensity for aggression and neurobiological mechanisms of oscillation underlying gender differences in aggression. Further studies of oscillatory responses to aggression and provocation will expand the objective understanding of the different emotional worlds between men and women.

Psychometric properties of the English and Filipino version of the inventory of attitudes towards seeking mental help services

ABSTRACTThis paper examined the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Attitudes Towards Seeking Mental Help (IASMHS) English and translated Filipino versions in a sample of Filipino college students and overseas migrant workers. The IASMHS three-factor solution was replicated (psychological openness, help-seeking propensity, and indifference to stigma) with both English and Filipino versions, but dropping items and adding residual covariances were needed to achieve requisites of a good model fit. Measurement invariance test indicated partial metric and scalar invariance across versions. Past use and intent to utilize mental health services were positively associated with help-seeking propensity factor, but not with psychological openness and indifference to stigma. Bivariate correlations among IASMHS factors and other help-seeking variables were also examined.

At the Point of Death—A Case Study

In 1979 Pastoral Psychology published my first autobiographical case study: the story of a near-fatal automobile accident, collateral damage of a high speed police chase in downtown Chicago. Providence was evident in my survival of that collision, as well as in the present case study: a massive heart attack during a psychotherapy session in 2001. By comparing these two crises, I find that I must call into focus a psychological propensity: if a near-fatal experience occurs from the “outside in” (e.g. automobile accident), guilt may well surface as the emotion of conflict; but if a near-fatal experience occurs from the “inside out” (e.g. heart attack), the emotion of conflict may emerge as shame. In the former the body is assaulted; in the latter it revolts.

An investigation in primary care of the relationship between consultation behaviour, increased vaginal bleeding and mental disorder

Studies have shown an association between consultation for increased vaginal bleeding and the presence of psychological disturbance. However, many of the studies have failed to control the known link between psychological distress and propensity to consult in general. The aim of this case - control study was to determine whether psychological distress in women consulting with increased vaginal bleeding is associated with the illness or with the propensity to consult. Women consulting as cases of 'increased vaginal bleeding' were compared with three sets of control women: two sets of consulting controls ('acute respiratory tract infection' or a physical 'other illness') and one set of community controls. Predictor measures were consultations and prescriptions in the previous 5 years. There was no difference in overall consultation rates (P = 0.19), proportion consulting for a mental disorder (P = 0.39), frequency of consultation for a mental disorder (P = 0.46) or having a prescribed hypnotic or anxiolytic (P = 0.29) between the three consulting groups. However, the consulting groups had higher rates of consulting both overall and specifically for a mental disorder than the community controls. The association between increased vaginal bleeding and mental disorder or use of psychotropic medication appeared to be explained by consultation behaviour.

Glue sniffing polyneuropathy: an under recognized aspect of a public health hazard

Glue sniffing polyneuropathy: an under recognized aspect of a public health hazard

TOWARDS THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF TOURISM DESTINATION LOYALTY

Tourism destination loyalty has been the subject of numerous studies. The existing research shows that destination loyal behavior does exist, yet many of the findings are noncomparable due to the differences in conceptualization of the loyalty construct. This article proposes a conceptual model for the psychological propensity towards destination loyalty. It is suggested that any future research into destination loyalty should include both psychological and behavioral measures to establish the respondent's inherent loyalty propensity

A Positive Model of Earnings Forecasts: Top Down versus Bottom Up

A Positive Model of Earnings Forecasts: Top Down versus Bottom Up

Junior house officers one year on: Changes in psychological distress and error-making

The present study followed junior house officers from a study conducted by Houston and Allt (1997). Doctors were contacted at the end of the junior year and again eight weeks into the senior house officer year. Changes in psychological health and propensity to make errors were examined. It was predicted that there would be a significant decrease in psychological disturbance and error-making compared to that found at the beginning of the junior house officer year. Questionnaires were administered twice-at the end of the junior year (Time 3) and eight weeks into the beginning of a senior house officer post (Time 4). All participants completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and the Medical Errors Questionnaire at Times 3 and 4. The levels of anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptoms found by Houston and Allt (1997) persisted into the senior house officer year. However, there were significant decreases in errors made in medical work and in everyday life. It is concluded that newly qualified doctors continue to experience considerable amounts of emotional distress in their senior house officer post. There is some evidence that they may be finding ways to manage this level of stress, reflected by the decline in everyday and medical error-making.