Psycholinguistic Methods Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PERSONNEL OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT)

The aim of this article is to study the structure of organizational commitment as well as the psychological and behavioral mechanisms behind it among groups of military and civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Based on the assertion that the army has an authoritarian (directive) style of management characterized by principles of unity of command and high centralization of leadership, in this work with the purpose of getting the sincere answers and reliable results the preference was given to the psycholinguistic method of research, namely, free association experiment. The results of the study proved that there are significant differences in the structure of organizational commitment when it comes to the position of individuals in the military hierarchy, that is, whether they hold a military/civilian position or are just beginning their military career as cadets. Dominant element in the structure of organizational commitment of civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is affective commitment, in relation to servicemen it is continuance commitment, in relation to cadets it is normative commitment.

The World View at the Reflection of Russian and English Paroemias

The article is dedicated to a research and signification of particularities of Russian and English world view through a prism of paroemiac units. The subject of the study is paroemias in Russian and English languages, reflecting the intellection of two comparative cultures. The goal of the work consists in disclosure of functional abilities of paroemias for understanding the way of thinking of Russian and English informants. At the process of paroemias’ analysis there were used several methods of linguistic research: comparative – historical, the method of opposition, distributive analysis and also psycholinguistic methods of the research. It is effectual to consider the results of the study as determination of the fact, that a world view, expressed at the language by functionating separate paroemaic structures, allows to disclose main national features of different nations in a more detailed way. As the sphere of usage of the results, first of all, can be observed a pedagogical work, when at the process of analysis, study and practical usage of paroemias at the speech the learners recognize the relation between language and thinking, that reflects their perception of a world afterwards. Secondly, the understanding of Russian and English paroemias’ meaning helps the establishment of cultural and language connections between different national groups, indicative of the realization of the cultural communication. The novelty of this study is that there was made the first trial to deduce the process of monitoring the perception of paroemias by Russian and English language speakers from the moment of their initial analysis at level of their acquaintance with a research material (reading, translation and understanding of the meaning) to the moment of perception of their influence on thinking (how paroemias reflect the world view of a concrete nation). The conclusions made from work point to the fact, that the determinant to the search of similarities and comparatives between Russian and English paroemias is at the existence of a particular problematics connected with cultural values, reflected at the compared languages.

The main trends in the formation and development of methods of security psychology

Introduction. Security psychology is a relatively young, but rather rapidly developing branch of psychological knowledge, for which the problem of improving empirical research methods is relevant. The development of the problems of security psychology has already been accompanied by the involvement of certain tools, but its use is still fragmentary, experimental and exploratory in nature. Meanwhile, the development of any field of knowledge is impossible without methods and techniques that have confirmed their research reliability. This article is focused on filling the gap in security psychology regarding the possibility of using empirical data collection tools in it. The purpose of the research presented in it was a theoretical analysis of the possibilities of using various research methods in security psychology.Materials and Methods. The method of theoretical analysis of relevant research papers, methods of systematization, generalization and classification of scientific approaches to the organization of research, the method of scientific extrapolation, the method of scientific forecasting were used.Results. The impossibility of studying a significant part of the phenomena relevant to the problems of security psychology, synchronously with their occurrence and course, as well as the lack of unity of the author's approaches to understanding the essence of the basic category of "psychological security" for it, explained by the complexity of the original phenomenon, is revealed. In security psychology, ex-post-facto research prevails, and psychological security is studied by identifying its conditions and features of the projection of danger/security on the psyche of the subject. Methods of observation, introspection, experiment, survey and testing in security psychology not only retain the classic advantages and limitations for psychological research, acquiring the specifics of use.Discussion and Conclusions. For security psychology, it is most preferable to use the possibilities of projective materials and methods of experimental psychosemantics and psycholinguistics. Further improvement of the scientific tools of security psychology should be based on the development of its methodology, adaptation to the problems of classical methods for psychology and the involvement of methods used by related disciplines.

CADETS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING DURING TRAINING PERIOD AT MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

This empirical study describes factors that facilitate/impede the psychological wellbeing of cadets studying at Ukrainian military institutions of higher education. The preference was given to the psycholinguistic method of research, namely the free associative experiment. We argue that the most important factor for cadets’ psychological well-being is self-acceptance. When cadets correlate their self-image with professional military activity they develop healthy self-esteem and they are characterized by positive emotional states. Cadets’ failure to identify themselves with professional military activity leads to the predominance of negative emotional states. Factors such as some opportunities for personal growth and the increases the probabilities of achievement of the vital purposes are characterized by their correlation with positive aspects of cadets’ psychological well-being. A favorable psychological atmosphere in collective is another factor of cadet’s psychological well-being. The exceptions are those cadets who have inflated demands and expectations, or cadets with victim mentality. Factors such as autonomy and environmental management are characterized by their correlation with negative aspects of cadets’ psychological well-being. The high-risk category is cadets who enter the military institutions having ideal vision about military service that does not accord with reality, cadets for whom the decision to study in some military institution is made by their parents against their will, and cadets who join the army under pressure of life circumstances. The lack of personal autonomy and the inability to independently control one’s life can result in health disorders, as indicated by cadet’s emotional states of weariness, despondency, melancholy, hopelessness.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF DETERMINING THE FORMATION LEVEL OF PERSONALITY'S NARRATIVE COMPETENCE

The purpose of the article is to develop psycholinguistic tools for diagnosing the level of formation of narrative competence of personality as an important prerequisite for its development. Research methods. The study uses a set of author's methods: (a) modeling as a method of constructing and analyzing of a structural model of narrative competence of personality; (b) psycholinguistic methods of determining the level of formation of narrative competence of personality; (c) methods of mathematical statistics; (d) expert evaluation. Results. The structural model of narrative competence as a dynamic configuration of pre-semantic, semantic and meta-semantic levels of understanding and generation of narrative expressions by personality is developed and characterized; this model in turn became a basis for developing psycholinguistic diagnostic tools. The author proposed a method for determining formation levels of narrative competence of personality, which involves selection of texts meeting certain criteria for processing; development of diagnostic tasks for these texts; algorithm for determining a certain formation level of narrative competence of respondents depending on their results of proposed tasks. According to the results of diagnostics, three main and two transitional levels of narrative competence of respondents have been identified. The algorithm for determining of these levels is presented in the form of a structural diagnostic procedure, the validity of which is confirmed by correlations with expert evaluation. Conclusions. The proposed methods are defined as effective tools for diagnosing the level of formation of narrative competence of personality. The main advantage of these methods is the possibility of its application for diagnosing of respondents based on their processing of fiction texts without restrictions for the language they speak. Keywords: personality, narrative, narrative competence, criteria of formation of narrative competence, pre-semantic, semantic, meta-semantic levels of formation of narrative competence.

우리말 혼성어 연구와 심리언어학적 실험

This paper introduces the method of morphology research using psycholinguistic experiments that started to support 'vocabulary-inference-based morphology' as an empirical method, focusing on research cases on Korean hybrid languages, and thus morphology using psycholinguistic experiments. We would like to share the prospects of research methodology. ‘Vocabulary-Inference-based Morphology’ is a study of morphology from a constructivist perspective, and can be said to be an aspect of functionalist morphology. By understanding all Korean words as observable linguistic phenomena, we tried to study the 'content and organization of the psychological lexicon', and not only tried to explain word formation as a universal cognitive process based on 'analogy', but also This is because it attempts to capture the situation and context in which the stored words are used in the communication process by including them in the function of the lexicon of 'vocabulary access and lexical information retrieval'. Most of the research up to now using psycholinguistic methods has attempted to verify the psychological reality of grammatical units that exist in various layers of morphological research by using a psychological experiment called a lexical judgment task and a statistical test for the results of the experiment. This paper intends to lay a stepping stone to help expand the basis of constructivist and functionalist morphology research by introducing such a research methodology comprehensively and concretely.

NEGATIVE VERB FORMS AS VERBAL EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Aim. The purpose of this work is to characterize the peculiarities of the written language of the social exclusion victims.Methodology. The article analyzes the texts of autobiographies which describe the experience of social exclusion. The research methods include statistical analysis, psycholinguistic and psychosemantic methods of text analysis.Results. Verb negatives, which make up the semantic field of the language of social exclusion, present the individual self-reflection and become part of a metalanguage with specific features of constructing narratives.Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the theory of narratives and communication as well as expand the understanding of analysis tools.

Effects of Syntactic Distance and Word Order on Language Processing: An Investigation Based on a Psycholinguistic Treebank of English

We conducted a broad-coverage investigation of the effects of syntactic distance and word order on language processing against a dependency-annotated reading time corpus of English. A combined method of quantitative syntax and psycholinguistic analyses was adopted to yield converging evidence. It was found that (i) head-initial structures allow greater structural complexity, i.e., larger head-dependent distance, than head-final structures in both language comprehension and production; (ii) within the capacity limit of working memory, syntactic distance is a positive predictor of reading time for a word with a preceding head, whereas a negative predictor of reading timefor a word with a following head; and (iii) at the sentence level, syntactic distance is a significant predictor of sentencereading time. These results suggest that (i) different word orders may enjoy different processing mechanisms in terms of cognitive difficulty and processes, which can be explained by an incremental language parser; and (ii) in addition to distance, word order should also be considered as a factor affecting language processing, which is an important extension to distance-based language processing models. Taken as a whole, our study paves the way for corpus-based integration of quantitative linguistic and psycholinguistic methods into understanding language processing and its underlying cognitive mechanisms.

The linguopoetics of D. V. Grigorovich’s short novel "The Peasant" in the context of the linguistic tradition of the 19th–20th century Russian literature (to the 200th anniversary of the birth)

This linguopoetic study of D. V. Grigorovich’s short novel "The Peasant" aims to identify features specific to the author’s creative writing style and trace the connections between the text and the linguistic and stylistic traditions of Russian literature in different epochs. The research subject is all constituents of the linguopoetic fabric of the work of art under consideration. These are linguistic units, compositional elements, stylistic devices, plot-building ideas, images, and motifs. The methods include observation, cross sampling, generalisation, linguistic material classification, and establishing the content, structural, stylistic identity of different texts. These methods helped to identify and describe the techniques of creating the lyrical context in the short novel, the place of precedent images in it, the role of syntactical parallelisms and comparisons, the functions of low colloquial and dialectal inclusions, the origins and significance of the stylistic register dynamism. The approaches of modern linguistic poetics combined with certain methods of cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), psycholinguistics, and linguistic folkloristics (linguofolkloristics) enabled the author to analyse the specific features of objectifying the Russian peasantry’s customs, superstitious, and popular beliefs in the text of the short novel. Additionally, the research paper presents some psychological phenomena, the sensory field, and the recreation of the Russian people’s cultural and linguistic picture of the world. In the course of the study, the influence of Grigorovich’s artistic heritage on the literary and stylistic context of the subsequent time (i. e. the writers creating on the cusp of the 19th and 20th centuries, the writers of the Silver Age of Russian literature as well as the "Village" Prose writers of the Soviet period) was determined.

The associative experiment as an investigative method of the translation process

This paper deals with the psycholinguistic cognitive process investigation methods of text reception and the translation process, the free associative experiment, which can be seen as a complex investigation method. Its application is, thus, to be embedded in the translational experiment, from the perspective of translation polyvariety: Two German novel translations „The Master and Margarita" by Mikhail Bulgakov and „Doctor Zhivago" by Boris Pasternak are to be analyzed in the frames of the psycholinguistic experiment. The source of the translation polyvariability is the subjective character’s meaning interpretation, which is based on probabilistic processes and associative meanings. Emotions play an important role here. The empirical data obtained will be used for didactic purposes in the prospective translators´ training.

Отражение этноязыкового контактирования в языковом сознании: влияет ли билингвизм на субъективные оценки перцептивной семантики?

The article analyzes the influence of the ancestral language on the perception of the second language, acquired throughout life. The study relies on the methods of experimental cognitive psycholinguistics, drawing on the theory of embodied cognition and the bilingual mental lexicon. The solution of the general theoretical problem uses early natural bilingualism, with an increasing dominance of the second language and a gradual shift of the native language to the position of the language of family heritage. This type of bilingualism is currently very common in the world, including various regions of the Russian Federation. In modern states, it is conditioned by unbalanced language functional advancement of the state language. The functionally imbalanced language situation has also developed in the regions of Southern Siberia, in the interaction between the Russian and the Khakass or Tatar languages. However, the functionally dominant state language, Russian, experiences a hidden influence of maternal languages not only on speech practices, but also on deep cognitive processes associated with the perception and cognitive processing of units of the acquired language. As the analysis has shown, the influence of the native language is manifested at the level of perception of even the deepest aspects of the semantics of the second language, which include perceptual and emotional aspects. This effects are discussed in the article in the assessments of tactile perception and emotionality given by native Russian speakers and Tatar-Russian and Khakass-Russian bilinguals in relation to the same set of lexical units. The study was carried out on the material of the psycholinguistic RuTurkPsychLing database designed in the laboratory of linguistic anthropology of Tomsk State University: assessments of the words of the Russian, Tatar, and Khakass languages in terms of “familiarity”, “temperature”, “location in space”, “size”, “emotionality” and “manipulation”. The analysis has shown significant differences in the rating system, manifested both in the value of average ratings and their correlations. While the assessments of the Khakass-Russian bilinguals are closer to the assessments of native Russian speakers, the Tatar-Russian bilinguals show significant differences both in the assessments of temperature perception and its correlations with positive and negative assessments.

Interactive Update Factor in the Algorithm of Media Impact: Theoretical Foundations

Introduction. Influence as a heterogeneous phenomenon became the subject of interest in many sciences, since it is such a phenomenon that makes it possible to correct the behavior not only of individuals, but also of mass society .The weight of such research has especially increased in the conditions of hybrid wars, which is undoubtedly very relevant in today’s conditions. Relevance of the study. The activation of pathogenic, manipulative contexts leads to harmful consequences for a person not only in a moral sense, but also in a psychophysiological one, therefore, knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the construction of influence, the factors that determine its functioning, in general, will make it possible to level its harmful consequences in various spheres, genres, etc. The implementation of influence in the media environment also requires more attention, since the mediagenic environment is literally «soaked» so to speak with a «mixture» of various content, which scatters the attention of recipients, deprives them of the opportunity to think critically in this way due to the lack of time for perception – the so-called media perception. In this case, the importance of knowledge of the mechanisms of influence is very relevant, as it makes it possible to navigate in the media environment and filter pathogenic media texts. Methodology. The research methods were: descriptive for the representation of features of influence and media influence, factors of their actualization; analysis and synthesis made it possible to single out the components of influence and combine them into a coherent complex, creating a classification; method of induction to concretize general conclusions. Results. The main attention is paid to the factor of interactive actualization of influence – the factor of sociopsychomental properties of the subject of influence and the factor of sociopsychomental properties of the object of influence. The role and actual specifics of the basis of influence (neurophysiological, psychological, linguistic components) are emphasized, as well as the importance of the elements of the psychological component – cognitive, affective and conative factors that are present in the perception of any information. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of psycholinguistic (experimental) methods in the study of various types of influence, which make it possible to identify relevant suggestogens and use them in the construction of influential contexts with a predictive effect. Conclusions. Therefore, the level of power, dynamics and duration of influence are determined by factors related to various characteristics of the participants of interactive interaction – subjects and objects of influence, the consideration of which when constructing influential contexts brings the predicted result as close as possible. Prospects for further research consist in the detailing of influence constants and their analysis of actualization in the media environment. In particular, the message itself, the text, the effectiveness of which is determined by a number of specific factors that actually provide the predicted effects, requires careful attention in the process of influential communication.

ІНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ЕМОЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДИСКУРСУ ТА МОВНИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ

The article is focused on the pragmatic potential of intertextuality in news headlines on the Russian-Ukrainian war in Ukrainian religious media, based on the materials of the websites "Religious Information Service of Ukraine", "Catholic Observer", "Religious Truth", "Spiritual Front of Ukraine", published from the end of February to the beginning of May 2022. It has been established that intertext in the headlines enhances the emotionality of the communicative message in order to shape the intended emotional reaction of the audience to Russian aggression. Intertextual units perform the function of polarizing discourse, increasing the effect of the negative image of the aggressor country and its church leaders, on the one hand, and positive representation of the Ukrainian people in its struggle for freedom, on the other hand. Common sources of intertextuality in religious media are the Bible, historical events, figures and phenomena, works of art, mythological creatures, slogans and mythologemes, the relationship with which emotionalizes communication and enhances the persuasive influence on the recipient by stimulating predictable associations with the source text or symbol. In covering Russian aggression, religious media speakers use biblical apocalyptic images and metaphors, allusions to the suffering of Jesus Christ, the stories of Cain and Abel, David and Goliath. Intertextual units that are originally political slogans or ideologemes, such as the "Russian world" and "protection of the Orthodox", are reappropriated in Ukrainian religious media discourse with the purpose of their discrediting. The article also explores the potential of intertextuality in the field of neologization. Some intertextual phenomena from the fields of fiction and history have given rise to linguistic innovations, such as "orcs" and "ruscism", thus revealing a productive way of neologism formation based on intertextual connections with previous texts and cultural phenomena. The article outlines further prospects of the study of emotional reaction of the religious media addressee to intertext-featuring headlines with the involvement of experimental psycholinguistic and corpus methods.

Methods of criminal psychology in studying the personality of a sexual crime in the practice of a psychologist and criminalist

The article discusses the features of the work of a psychologist. participating in procedural checks and investigative actions. Appealing to scientific views and law enforcement practice, the au-thors present an example with the effective use of interview methods, observation and verification, praximetric and psycholinguistic methods for analyzing the products of human activity and written speech for criminological and psychological analysis of personality.

Determination of the content of a construct "volunteer activity" in educational practice: the experience of theoretical comprehension and empirical reconstruction

Introduction. Volunteering is becoming more and more important in the life of civil society and for the formation of human capital, but at the same time there is a lack of comprehensive scientific practice-oriented psychological-pedagogical research on the concept of "volunteer activity". The purpose of this work is to determine the actual effectiveness of an interdisciplinary study of the psychological-pedagogical concept of “volunteer activity” in the educational space. Methods. Empirical data were obtained using the methods of psychosemantics and psycholinguistics (verbal self-descriptions "My volunteer activity" (schoolchildren and students) and "I am an organizer of volunteer activities" (teachers-organizers, leaders of volunteer centers/teams) were used; compilation of an associative dictionary, a "Personal Differential" technique. The data underwent the procedure of content analysis with the extraction of semantic units. To process the results obtained, an iterative method of cluster analysis – k-means clustering – was used; a comparative analysis of fields was implemented. The empirical study involved schoolchildren (N = 44, aged 14-17) and university students (N = 432, aged 18-20) engaged in volunteering and organizers of volunteer activities (N = 37, aged 35-40) from the Altai Territory. The total sample consisted of 910 people. Research results. The scheme of the interdisciplinary study has been tested, which makes it possible to construct the semantic space of a psychological-pedagogical concept of "volunteer activity". For each sample of respondents, two clusters were obtained: schoolchildren and university students (p≤0.01) – the measure of proximity varies from 4.59 to 9.52 for the first cluster and from 4.19 to 7.57 – for the second one; teachers-organizers (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.89 for the first cluster and from 1.72 to 3.36 – for the second one; volunteer leaders (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.33 for the first cluster and from 2.35 to 4.73 – for the second one. Significant differences and points of contact of semantic fields were revealed. The average values of the scales according to the "Personal differential" technique are as follows: for schoolchildren – 5, for university students – 16. Conclusion. The prospects for the implementation of this study are outlined, which consist in the empirical generalization of the continuity of implementation of volunteer practices; the structural analysis of psychological-pedagogical technologies and interactive forms of education, the development of a set of tools for assessing the effectiveness of the results of implementation of volunteer programs, the creation of an electronic database of the most effective and adequate practices.

Peculiarities of Greek Origin Words Perception by the Representatives of Contemporary Russian Linguistic Culture: Associative Experiment

The article describes the associative experiment as one of the most productive methods of modern psycholinguistics. The theoretical works of Russian and foreign researchers on the theory and practice of the associative experiment in modern linguistics are reviewed. To illustrate the associative experiment, the analysis of the associative fields, formed by the reactions of the Russian-speaking respondents to the words of Greek origin is presented. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the authors make an attempt to study the peculiarities of the perception of borrowed words, using the mechanisms of perception of these or those concepts by native speakers, their evaluation and connotations. This seems interesting not only for contemporary psycholinguistics, but also for semantics, stylistics, cognitive linguistics and other branches of linguistics. The linguocultural value of the study lies in the fact that the experiment allows determine how a word of foreign origin, occurring in Russian, retains the charge of the original culture from which it came. The linguistic material for the study is the most common or typical Greek expressions from the poems of A.S. Khomyakov, a Russian poet of the 19th century, one of the founders of the Slavophile movement. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the language of A.S. Khomyakovs works is still understudied. The study of the Greekisms as a foreign cultural phenomenon in the texts of a Slavophile poet, whose philosophical concept is connected with "traditionalism" both in the understanding of culture and language, is of scientific interest. We describe the associative fields to the words-stimuli prophet and ether , using Y.N. Karaulov's methodology, which implies the consideration of associations from lexico-syntactic, morphological, cognitive, pragmatic and statistical points of view. From the linguocultural point of view it is important to identify the cognitive features of the perception of the stimuli. The experiment helped to discover that words of Greek origin continue to carry a charge of Greek culture, in addition, they have become an integral part of Russian culture, manifesting themselves in the minds of native speakers through association with Russian precedent texts. The analysis of associative fields made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the perception of words of Greek origin by native speakers of modern Russian, and to compare the obtained meanings with those that the words had when they were written in the 19th century. The transformation of semantics, as well as the re-accumulation from one meaning to another, the emergence of new meanings, which corresponds to the historical development of words, are noted.

Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions

The field of psycholinguistics has produced many hypotheses which explain how a person speaks and understands the language spoken or written. In the area of language, instruction theories have been employed. In designing language education approaches, several professionals adopt them as their fundamental theories. It is called a method of psycholinguistics. The psycholinguistic method considers learning as an individual cognitive process that takes place within the individual and then moves to the social dimension. There are various ways, such as natural method, whole physical response methods, and suggested contemporary method, which are founded on the theory of the psycholinguist. These methods utilise psychological concepts, such as learning your first or second language (second language learning), learning a language (linguistic perception), and language (second language learning). The perception of languages refers to hearing and reading, while the creation of languages refers to speaking and writing. The four language skills are listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In particular, psycholinguistics helps to comprehend the difficulty of both intrinsic and extrinsic problems in these four skills. Psycholinguistics also contributes to explaining the language learning faults of students. In addition, psycholinguistics describes certain types of cerebral illnesses, such as graphics and aphasia, which must be treated appropriately, that influence language development. The use of the suitable approach for teaching these four linguistics teaches mainly psycholinguistic skills.

Psychological Processes in Language Learning and Teaching: Methods and Approaches of Psycholinguistics

The field of psycholinguistics has produced many hypotheses which explain how a person speaks and understands the language spoken or written. In the area of language, instruction theories have been employed. In designing language education approaches, several professionals adopt them as their fundamental theories. It is called a method of psycholinguistics. The psycholinguistic method considers learning as an individual cognitive process that takes place within the individual and then moves to the social dimension. There are various ways, such as natural method, whole physical response methods, and suggested contemporary method, which are founded on the theory of the psycholinguist. These methods utilise psychological concepts, such as learning your first or second language (second language learning), learning a language (linguistic perception), and language (second language learning). The perception of languages refers to hearing and reading, while the creation of languages refers to speaking and writing. The four language skills are listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In particular, psycholinguistics helps comprehend the difficulty of intrinsic and extrinsic problems in these four skills. Psycholinguistics also contributes to explaining the language learning faults of students. In addition, psycholinguistics describes certain types of cerebral illnesses, such as graphics and aphasia, which must be treated appropriately, that influence language development. The use of the suitable approach for teaching these four linguistics teaches mainly psycholinguistic skills.

Lesya Ukrainka's Poetry in Chinese Translation: Psycholinguistic Aspect

Aim of the study. On the basis of the theories of dynamic translation, determine the degree of correspondence between the psycho-cognitive reactions of Ukrainian and Chinese recipients to the original and translated texts of the poetry-cycle of Lesya Ukrainian “Tears-Pearls”. 
 Research methods. Psycholinguistic methods of empirical research are basic in this article: Osgood’s semantic differential method, content analysis and free associative experiment, other linguistic methods (cognitive and semantic analysis) and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description and classification of linguistic facts) are also used.
 Results. On the basis of previous theoretical studies, the essential characteristics of translation as a psycho-cognitive process have been established. It is argued that the degree of equivalence of the translation of a literary text is determined not only by the work of the translator, but also by the emotional-evaluative reaction of the target recipients. An important thesis is that the perception of the text (original and translation) is influenced by the interhemispheric asymmetry of the mental activity of speakers of different languages (Clark & Paivio, 1991; Fenollosa, 1968; Zasyekin, 2010). Empirical research has shown that the “right-brain” imaginative thinking of the Chinese partly determines the degree of equivalence of their perception of the translation of Lesya Ukrainka’s poetry. The semantic profiles showed a fairly neutral emotional and evaluative reaction of the Chinese to translation incentives, which, in our opinion, was conditioned by the ethnonational specifics of the original text and the difference in poetic traditions. Despite the preservation of the thematic categories of the original in translation, in the new (Chinese) semantic space, these categories partly acquired other sociocultural meanings, which significantly influenced the equivalence of the translation.
 Conclusions. The degree of conformity of the psycho-cognitive reaction of target recipients to the original and the translation is determined not only by the type of mental activity of speakers of different languages, but also by a number of extralinguistic factors that determine the formation and state of activity of the verbal-associative network of representatives of different nations.

Word learning in the field: Adapting a laboratory-based task for testing in remote Papua New Guinea.

Adapting laboratory psycholinguistic methods to fieldwork contexts can be fraught with difficulties. However, successful implementation of such methods in the field enhances our ability to learn the true extent and limitations of human behavior. This paper reports two attempts to run word learning experiments with the small community of Nungon speakers in Towet village in the Saruwaged Mountains, Papua New Guinea. A first attempt involved running a cross-situational task in which word-object pairings were presented ambiguously in each trial, and an explicit word learning task in which pairings were presented explicitly, or unambiguously, in each trial. While this quickly garnered a respectable 34 participants over the course of a week, it yielded null results, with many participants appearing to show simple patterned responses at test. We interpreted the null result as possibly reflecting the unfamiliarity of both the task and the laptop-based presentation mode. In Experiment 2, we made several adjustments to the explicit word learning task in an attempt to provide clearer instructions, reduce cognitive load, and frame the study within a real-world context. During a second 11-day stay in the village, 34 participants completed this modified task and demonstrated clear evidence of word learning. With this success serving as a future guide for researchers, our experiences show that it may require multiple attempts, even by experienced fieldworkers familiar with the target community, to successfully adapt experiments to a field setting.