Psychodrama Techniques Research Articles

The effect of empathy training given to midwives on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the birth satisfaction of mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives: A quasi-experimental study.

Empathic attitudes and behaviours of midwives directly affect obstetric outcomes. The study aims to examine the effect of empathy training on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the childbirth satisfaction of primiparous mothers. This quasi-experimental study has two sample groups including midwives working in the delivery unit (n=15) and mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives (n=134). Empathy training was given to the midwives through a 32-hour program involving didactic narrative, creative drama, and psychodrama techniques. A "Descriptive Information Form," and the "Empathic Communication Skills" and "Empathic Tendencies" scales were used to collect data from the midwives, and another "Descriptive Information Form" and the "Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Normal Birth" were used for the maternal data. Empathic communication skills and empathic tendencies of the midwives were found to be higher right after and 8 weeks after the training than before the training (P= .001, P= .040, respectively). The total score and sub-dimensions of the maternal satisfaction scale (ie, midwifery care, respect for privacy, meeting expectations, postpartum care) were found to be higher in mothers giving birth after the midwives' empathy training than those giving birth before (P< .001). A higher level of maternal birth satisfaction was seen in mothers giving birth right after the training (94%) than those giving birth before training (3%). The empathy training improved both the empathy skills of midwives, and translated to improved maternal satisfaction with birth among their mothers. It is recommended to increase the number of follow-ups to evaluate the long-term effect of empathy training.

CENA DE UM ENCONTRO PSICODRAMÁTICO NA PROMOÇÃO DO EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO COM UM GRUPO DE MULHERES UNIVERSITÁRIAS

This article aims to report the scene of a psychodramatic encounter with university women in the promotion of female empowerment. Ten meetings were held with 18 participants at the conclusion of the course, where the practice was based on the use of psychodrama techniques. The report aims to narrate one of the scenes experienced in a group of psychodrama with university women from the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming at promoting female empowerment, demonstrating how much psychodramatic sessions can empower women to express themselves in their social dimension.

Development of a Career-Guidance Group counseling program for overseas Korean students using the psychodrama technique

Development of a Career-Guidance Group counseling program for overseas Korean students using the psychodrama technique

Development of students’ constructive self-consciousness experience in psychodrama process

The ongoing socio-cultural deformations mostly negatively affect the young generation, forming distorted forms of identity and self-consciousness. The initial hypothesis of the study was that the development of students' full-fledged self-consciousness can be facilitated by the process of their versatile self-disclosure and self-expression in the reference environment of the group, and this process can be successfully modeled using the psychodrama method. The purpose of the study was to determine the logic and techniques of building a psychodramatic process focused on improving self-awareness of students. The study was based on the role methodology of self-consciousness and the psychodrama method as a practice of replaying personally significant situations in group interaction. The study involved 131 first-year students of Belgorod National Research University. The questionnaires to identify self-attitudes and various aspects of the Self-concept served as diagnostic tools. The results were processed using the paired Student's t-test and Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation. As a result, the study revealed the content of psychodramatic process, the technology of its building and its forms. The essence of this work is to create favorable conditions for students’ self-realization in the reference social environment. The positive influence of psychodrama on the sphere of students’ self-consciousness was shown. In particular, the constructive images in their Self-concept were developing; their self-respect was strengthening due to the growth of reflected self-attitude (t=9.11, p ≤ 0.01) and self-confidence (t=8.56, p ≤ 0.01), autosympathy was increasing through the growth of self-value (t=9.29, p ≤ 0.01) and self-acceptance (t=8.41, p ≤ 0.01), as well as their negative feelings towards themselves were overcoming by reducing inner conflict (t= –8.56, p ≤ 0.01) and self-blame (t= –8.04, p ≤ 0.01). The performed correlation analysis revealed the connection between the growth of indicators of self-knowledge and self-attitude among students in psychodrama process. Namely, a positive relationship was found between an increase in the cognitive complexity of the self-concept and an increase in self-acceptance (r=0.53, p ≤ 0.01) and reflected self-attitude (r=0.51, p ≤ 0.01). The contrast of self-representations growth is positively connected with an increase of reflected self-attitude (r=0.58, p ≤ 0.01) and self-acceptance (r=0.55, p ≤ 0.01), as well as with a decrease of inner conflict (r = –0.45, p ≤ 0.01). The growth of self-concept integrity positively correlates with an increase of self-acceptance (r=0.57, p ≤ 0.01), reflected self-attitude (r =0.54, p ≤ 0.01) and closeness (r=0.53, p ≤ 0.01), as well as with a reduce of inner conflict ( r= –0.51, p ≤ 0.01) and self-blame (r= –0.48, p ≤ 0.01). A number of psychodrama modifications were proposed: long-term versatile building of a safe and confiding relationship space; predominance of non-verbal ways of interaction; saturation with relaxing and imaginative techniques; introspective form of psychodramatic action with elements of sociodrama; inclusion of “Self-centered” topics in the content of classes; targeted training of identification feedback etc. The results revealed a unique mechanism of psychodrama for developing the students' self-consciousness. This is the mechanism of symbolic-metaphorical replaying of a personally significant situation with the active participation of the reference group in creating a versatile positive feedback about the productive ways of the individual’s self-manifestation. The proposed modifications and techniques of psychodrama can be applied in practical work on the psychological support of students.

Assertiveness competencies in the intimate relationship: proposal for an eclectic approach

The present study, published in the Zeitschrift fur Psychodrama und Soziometrie analyzes the effectiveness of a brief enrichment program for the promotion of assertiveness skills in couple relationship. It begins with a review of the concept of marital satisfaction, communication and intimacy, highlighting the Morenian Psychodrama approach in the clinical practice of the couple’s development. For the program, we chose an eclectic approach, combining cognitive-behavioural model with a Morenian psychodrama technique. The study sample was composed by one heterosexual couple living in cohabitation. The methodology used was qualitative and for data collection was used mainly IRI—Intimate Relationship Interview (Lima et al. 2006) and the sculpture technique. Results showed that the couple had a perception quite satisfactory in most areas of marital intimacy and communication was the area that required further involvement of the couple. The information collection tools were effective and complementary. The program showed satisfactory results given the gains of couples, but served more to survey the areas of difficulty in the relationship than to acquire assertive skills.

FİBROMİYALJİ SENDROMU TANILI KADINLARDA PSİKODRAMA GRUP TERAPİSİNİN AĞRI, DEPRESYON VE YAŞAM DOYUMU ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Amaç: Psikodrama grup terapisi uygulaması ile, fibromiyalji sendromu tanısı alan kadınların, duygu ifadeleri sağlanarak ağrılarını ve eşlik eden depresyonlarını azaltıp yaşam doyumlarını arttırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon polikliniğinden yönlendirilen, fibromiyalji sendromu tanılı, 15 hastayla başlanmış, 12 hastayla tamamlanmıştır. Oturumlar; haftada bir gün, 11 hafta boyunca yapılmıştır. Etkin kullanılan teknikler; rol değiştirme, aynalama ve eşlemedir. Hastalara psikodrama grup çalışmaları öncesi ve sonrasında, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Fibromiyalji Etki Anketi, Yaşam doyumu Ölçeği verilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonunda hastaların, ağrılarının azaldığı ve kendilerini daha rahat hissetmeye başladıkları görülmüştür. Fibromiyalji Etki Anketi ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ön test-son test sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir azalma olmuştur. Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği puanlarının istatistiklere yansımamış olsa da yükseldiği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Hastaların iyileşebileceklerine dair inançları ve özgüvenleri artmıştı. Ağrılarının derinde yatan nedenlerini psikodrama teknikleriyle görme fırsatı bulabilmiş, bastırdıkları duyguları sözel olarak ifade edebildiklerinde yakınmalarının azaldığını fark etmişlerdi. Sonuç olarak fibromiyalji hastalarında psikodrama tekniklerinin kullanımının tedaviye önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.

The effectiveness of psychodrama techniques in improving the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The effectiveness of psychodrama techniques in improving the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Efforts To Improve Student Assertive Behavior In Learning Through Classical Services With Psikodrama Techniques (UNP Laboratory Development Middle School)

Assertive behavior is positive personal development including honest (straightforward) behavior, direct and respectful expression of thoughts, feelings and desires by considering the feelings and rights of others (Ribha 2017). However, the reality in the field is found in many students who have low assertive behavior, especially in the field of learning, such as not being open in learning, easily anxious in facing exams, having strong principles in learning and not easily influenced. Then it will have an impact on the learning process that is not optimal and students do not have psotif developments in learning so it needs an effort to improve students' assertive behavior in learning. Many things can be done to improve students' assertive behavior in learning one of them with psychodrama techniques. This study aims to: (1) test students' assertive behavior in learning before being given classical service treatment with psychodrama techniques, (2) testing students' assertive behavior in learning after being given classical service treatment with psychodrama techniques, (3) differences in students' assertive behavior in learning with psychodrama techniques before and after the classical service treatment was given with psychodrama techniques.This research uses a pre-experimental type of experimental approach using the one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was a seventh grade UNP Laboratory Development Middle School student C. The instrument used was a questionnaire about students' assertive behavior in learning. The data collected was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test formula with the help of the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20 program.The results showed that classical services with psychodrama techniques can improve students' assertive behavior in learning with 79% pretest results in the low category and posttest increases to 68% with high categories.

Teaching-Learning Processes: Application of Educational Psychodrama in the University Setting.

The use of effective teaching strategies should be developed from teachers’ reflections on educational needs. This study has a twofold objective: to identify needs in teaching-learning processes in the university setting as well as to present and examine the effectiveness of four psychodramatic techniques: psychodramatic images, soliloquy, role-playing and roda viva. A qualitative design using thematic analysis was followed. All 128 teachers participating in the Training in Teaching Skills: Educational Psychodrama (nine courses) were evaluated. Teachers (62.5% women) were from different disciplines. Two semi-structured group interviews were conducted using the focus group procedure. Focus groups were held at the beginning and end of each course (18 in total). The phases of thematic analysis were used as discourse analysis strategies. Teachers reported the need to develop active teaching practices with large groups, strategies to motivate students and skills for conflict resolution with students. Concerning psychodramatic techniques, emphasis was placed on the psychodramatic images to promote active learning and group construction of contents, exploring previous ideas and as an evaluation resource. In addition, the structured use of role-playing was positively assessed. These results identify specific teaching needs and support the use of psychodramatic techniques as a valuable educational resource in higher education.

Promoting health through psychodrama with a group of seniors attended at the social assistance reference center

Este artigo tem como proposta relatar uma experiência com um grupo de idosos. A prática embasou-se no uso das técnicas do psicodrama em oito encontros com a participação de 20 idosos assistidos pelo Centro de Referência a Assistência Social. Ao se narrar a vivência da prática de intervenção psicodramática com um grupo de idosos visando a promoção da saúde e a qualidade de vida, verificou-se a evolução dos participantes por meio desta abordagem como técnica eficaz de trabalho de grupo.

Original targeted therapy for the management of the burnout syndrome in nurses: an innovative approach and a new opportunity in the context of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine.

Currently considered an occupational disease, the burnout syndrome affects 13-27% of the active population in multiple occupational sectors of the modern world. Considering the burnout syndrome from the new perspective of the predictive, preventive, personalized medicine concept as a pathological entity with a predictable appearance and evolution which allows a preventive approach and a personalized therapy, the main objective of the study is to highlight the possibility of psychotherapeutic interventions for producing measurable psychological changes in order to decrease the burnout level of hospital nurses. The research design is experimental, the independent variable being the participation or non-participation of nurses in psychotherapeutic sessions where specific classical psychodrama techniques are originally used. Nurses previously identified with medium or high levels of burnout participated in the clinical study, split into two groups: the experimental one, with 150-min weekly sessions, and the control one, without any intervention. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to the members of both groups. The statistical analysis of the differences between pre- and post-intervention revealed (a) the decrease of the levels of personal burnout and of burnout generated by the working conditions and (b) the decrease of the depression and of anxiety on four dimensions (self-awareness, ergic tension, veiled and general anxiety). The classical psychodrama method can be an effective solution in the prophylaxis and treatment of the burnout syndrome. The multidisciplinary approach according to the PPPM concept including changes of the environmental factors within the professional framework associated with stress control programmes can be promising solutions for the management of this syndrome.

Treatment to adult perpetrators of intrafamilial sexual abuse in Brazil: psychodrama as strategy

The Brazilian policy to combat sexual violence emphasizes the importance of protecting victims, as well as accounting for and taking care of the perpetrator. The aim of this paper is to describe one strategy that is being used to address difficult issues – such as the processes of offenders’ own victimization itself, the expression of sexuality and sexual desire for children – in the context of psychosocial interventions for adult sexual offenders against children and adolescents. The strategies adopted are based on psychodrama techniques, which facilitate the overcoming of emotional obstacles to these issues, creating a playful environment during the intervention, providing conditions for reflection, expression of feelings, decreased tension, and which contribute to integration and group engagement in the tasks. This option avoids a confrontational position and favours the development of empathy.

Psychodrama technique in enhancing communications skills among Special Education Integration Program (SEIP) students in Malaysia: a case study

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama technique in enhancing social interaction among Special Education Integration Program (SEIP) students in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to train SEIP students to communicate well through psychodrama, to increase self-confidence when communicating and to expose students to self-management through psychodrama. The study was conducted via group session on a psychoeducational program involving 13 students with different learning disabilities at Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Seri Mawar, Negeri Sembilan. The results show that SEIP students knew the knowledge on how to manage themselves but still need to be improved in terms of communication skills and social interaction in groups.

Çocuğu Tip 1 Diyabet Tanısı ile İzlenen Annelere Uygulanan Psikodrama Grup Terapisinin Rol Becerileri, Uyum Süreci, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Depresyon Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychodrama group therapy on the quality of life and depression of mothers whose children have been diagnosed with T1DM, to retrieve a new relationship of mutually interactive roles in the relationship between mothers who have necessarily regressed to physiological roles with children who have been diagnosed with T1DM, and to raise the adaptability of mothers. Method: Group study with mothers with children with type 1 diabetes was consisted of 22 sessions. Fourteen individuals were included in the study: six in the therapy group and eight in the control group. The convergent parallel design, a mixed research method was used in the study. The quantitative data from the research were acquired using a “Personal Information Form”, “Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BDI)”, and “World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR)”. The qualitative research data were collected using “Group Records Subjected to a Qualitative Content Analysis” and the “Social Atom Orbit Content” of participants acquired in the group application with Moreno’s social atom orbit. Results: In the study, a statistically significant decrease was found between the BDI of the group members who participated in psychodrama application pre-test post-test scores (p&lt;0.05). It was determined that WHOQOL-BREF-TR scale scores in the therapy group increased in the posttest. In this study, the mother-child relationship was redefined by using psychodrama techniques. The formerly regressed relationship has now been transformed to a relationship of mutual contact. Conclusion: The results of our group study demonstrated that administering the psychodrama technique reduces the levels of depression in mothers with children diagnosed with T1DM, increased their quality of life scores, and was effective in harmonizing with the lives and other roles in life of the mothers.

Effect of Psychodrama Group Therapy on Remission and Relapse in Opioid Dependence.

Relapse is one of the most common problems in the addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to increase the remission rates, reduce relapse rates and investigate the effect of psychodrama on depression, anxiety and locus of control after treatment in a group of inpatients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study was started with 13 inpatients diagnosed with OUD and completed with six members. In addition to psychoeducation, the psychodrama study of 13 sessions lasted. The control group consisted of six individuals with the same diagnosis and characteristics, who had only undergone psychoeducation. Hamilton Depression-Anxiety and Rotter Locus of Control Scales were applied to the participants before and after the group. Anxiety rates decreased in both groups according to pre-test and post-test results. In the outpatient part of the study, five patients in the patient group remained in treatment and clean at the end of the fifth month and four at the end of the sixth month. In the control group only two people could remain in treatment and clean at the end of the sixth month. The most effective psychodrama techniques were empty chair, doubling and mirroring. Both psychodrama techniques and SAMBA program are applications that reduce anxiety levels of patients. It was concluded that psychodrama applications aimed at increasing the internal control belief may be beneficial in terms of increasing the motivation of the patients and coping with relapse.

Effect of Encounter Group Application Integrated with Psychodrama Techniques on Codependency

Bu araştırmada psikodrama teknikleri ile bütünleştirilmiş etkileşim grubu uygulamasının karşılıklı bağımlılık üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, karma desenlerden, iç içe desen yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada ön-test, son-test ve izleme ölçümü yapılan deney ve kontrol grubundan oluşan yarı deneysel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 14’ü deney, 14’ü kontrol grubuna tesadüfü olarak atanan 28 kadın psikolojik danışman adayından oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın nicel verilerini toplamak için Bileşik Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Ölçeği kullanılmış; nitel verileri toplamak için odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Deney grubuna toplam 14 oturumluk psikodrama teknikleri ile bütünleştirilmiş etkileşim grubu uygulaması yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubuna hiçbir işlem uygulanmamıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, nicel bulgular deneysel çalışmanın karşılıklı bağımlılık, kendini feda etme ve duyguları bastırma puanlarını azaltmada etkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak kişilerarası kontrol puanlarını azaltmada etkili olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Nitel bulguların, nicel bulgularla benzerlik gösterdiği görülmüştür.

Marcas da maternidade: do ventre para a vida toda

Este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender a relevância do vínculo mãe-bebê para o desenvolvimento infantil na perspectiva de mães e gestantes. Para tal, foi utilizada a técnica do Psicodrama Interno, em que as participantes estabeleceram conversas com a mãe no passado, o filho atual e o filho no futuro; também utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado. Diante da realização da pesquisa, percebeu-se que as participantes entendem o papel de mãe como o papel de cuidar, proteger, apoiar, educar e amar, compreendendo que se constituem como exemplo. Além disso, há a ideia de que o que ocorre na gestação afeta tanto a formação do feto como o desenvolvimento de sua personalidade após o nascimento.

Bibliodrama: Introducing Stories from Narrative Traditions in the Development of Young People’s Life Orientation

Young people, in the age of puberty and early adolescence, are in need of images and narratives as role models to mirror their actual thoughts and feelings, and to stimulate the development of their (tradition(s)-related) life orientation. The development of a life orientation we see as a religiously or secularly founded process of identity construction—a work-in-progress; a process of ‘learning by doing’. This is described in Part I of this contribution. As Jacob Moreno, the founder of psychodrama stated: ‘Thinking is in the action’. ‘Doing’—being actively involved in a situation—is the defining characteristic of key persons and key objects in narratives. This is in line with John Dewey’s view that the activity new perspectives are created; learning by doing. In bibliodrama, making use of psychodrama techniques, connections are established between narratives from traditional (religious or secular) worldviews—but also from myths and fairy tales—and young people’s individual life experiences. Seemingly without effort and as child’s play, bibliodrama creates an encounter between the here-and-now and the once-and-then of narratives of long ago. The theoretical framework of this practice and the methods of bibliodrama are described in Part II. In Part III we present an example of bibliodrama performed with 18–20-year-old students of the Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee University of Applied Sciences) of Brussels (Belgium). We conclude our contribution with a few preliminary conclusions, a discussion and recommendations for the practice of bibliodrama in education to familiarise students with (religious and secular) life orientations traditions, in order to facilitate the construction of their own authentic life orientation.

TEKNIK PSIKODRAMA DALAM BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK UNTUK MENGATASI PERILAKU MEROKOK SISWA SMA

Smoking behavior is one form of juvenile delinquency in the school environment. In dealing with smoking behavior high school students can be done through group counseling services with psychodrama techniques. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of group guidance with psychodrama techniques as a school effort to address student smoking behavior. The method used is the literature method. Based on the results of a literature review from various sources and previous research shows that group guidance with psychodrama techniques is considered effective to overcome the smoking behavior of high school students. Keywords: Group Guidance, Psychodrama Technique, Smoking Behavior.

Psychodrama and Spirituality: A Practice-Friendly Review

Psychodrama is a set of widely-used philosophy, theories, and techniques on which J. L. Moreno laid the foundations. Moreno built his philosophy and practice on spiritual grounds from existential thought, theology, and texts about the relationship between God and man. This article aims to summarize the definition, basic process, and techniques of psychodrama, a group of psychotherapy methods, to reveal the relationship between Moreno philosophy and spirituality in different aspects and to examine Jungian Psychodrama, Souldrama, and the Therapeutic Spiral Model in this context as contemporary spirituallyoriented psychodrama approaches.