Psychosocial Adaptation Research Articles

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СЕПАРАЦІЇ В ПРОЦЕСІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ОСОБИСТІСНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В ЮНАЦЬКОМУ ВІЦІ

Purpose. The article reveals a theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of emotional separation in the process of forming personal identity in youth. The goal was to study the characteristics of emotional separation in youth. Methods. To achieve the goals, the following methods of scientific and theoretical study of the problem were used: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, systematization, generalization to define the concept of the essence of emotional separation, modeling - in order to determine the impact of emotional separation on the formation of personal identity in youth. Results. The theoretical and methodological analysis of the thematic scientific and psychological literature on the problems of emotional separation and personal self-identity in youth gave reasons to affirm the existence of a relationship between them. As mentioned earlier, the concept of emotional separation has not yet gained momentum in the literature in any field. Psychology and related sciences have the opportunity to accept this concept and build a theoretical basis for it within the framework of our profession. During successful emotional separation, young people and adolescents remain psychologically independent, emotionally separating from their parents while simultaneously developing a sense of trust in them. However, independence from parents is not just emotional separation. Attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the emotional bond between parents and children, which impairs the child's adaptive independence from parents - the process of separation. Secure relationships between parents and adolescents can promote healthy autonomy and, in their case, positive psychosocial adaptation, as well as the formation of personal identity. Conclusions. In adolescence, the child's opportunities expand, which is marked, in particular, by the emotional separation of the subject from his family context. That is, emotional separation of the child from the parents, which is a completely healthy process. Our research is precisely an attempt to reveal how the personal identity of young men is related to the parameters of the relationship between them and their parents, that is, emotional separation.

Psychosexual well-being following spinal cord injury: Perspectives of adults with spinal cord injury and rehabilitation clinicians.

This study aimed to identify important mental health topics for people with spinal cord injuries (PwSCI) and garner insights from health care clinicians working with this population. In doing so, we identified psychosocial adaptations in the context of sexuality, intimacy, and reproductive health. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was used, with 60-90-min virtual focus groups involving PwSCI, rehabilitation clinicians, and psychologists. Themes were identified through deductive and inductive transcript analysis. Eligibility for PwSCI included: (a) SCI for ≥ 1 year, (b) 18+ years, (c) U.S. residency, (d) conversational English skills, and (e) cognitive capacity to provide informed consent. Clinicians required ≥ 5 years of rehabilitation experience. Sixteen PwSCI, eight rehabilitation clinicians, and four psychologists participated. Three major themes emerged: (1) The effects of SCI on relationships with noninjured significant others with subthemes of (a) internalized and partnered ableism in intimate relationships and (b) navigating care partner dynamics and resource gaps; (2) sexual self-esteem with subthemes of (a) gender role adaptation and (b) body image concerns; and (3) challenges in sexual and reproductive health with subthemes of (a) family planning and self-advocacy in health care settings, (b) access to specialized care, and (c) health care provider competence. This report illuminates the complex effects of SCI on their relationships with noninjured partners, revealing how internalized and partnered ableism can heighten feelings of inadequacy and alter relationship dynamics. These findings underscore the need for more research, support, and services in sexual and reproductive health for all PwSCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION

Amputation of a lower limb is a serious intervention that has a profound impact on a person's life and ability to work. The loss of a limb often causes significant physical and psychological changes that require comprehensive rehabilitation. The patient faces new physical limitations, such as loss of mobility, changes in balance and the need to adapt to prostheses. According to a report by the Wall Street Journal, since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the number of people in need of amputation in Ukraine has risen to levels not seen since the First World War. The publication estimates that between 20,000 and 50,000 Ukrainians have lost one or two limbs. Therefore, the study of current trends in the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputation in the context of war in Ukraine is extremely relevant. Purpose. To analyse and systematise current trends in the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputation. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers analysed scientific literature and systematised information using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others. Research results. Today, physical therapy for patients with lower limb amputation is characterised by a combination of traditional rehabilitation methods and innovative approaches. Kireev and others developed an algorithm that includes rehabilitation activities at 4 main stages. Preoperative rehabilitation, stage I, is aimed at improving postoperative outcomes. It has been suggested that the preoperative programme used in the treatment of young patients with lower limb amputation should consist of chest physiotherapy, muscle and joint mobility training, focusing on maintaining strength and function. During the second stage, before prosthetics, the rehabilitation process includes the aforementioned therapeutic gymnastics and physiotherapy, as well as massage and kinesiotaping. Important issues in preparing an amputated stump for prosthetics include preparing the postoperative wound and scar, controlling edema, preventing muscle atrophy, and preventing the formation of contractures in the joints of the amputated lower limb. In addition to the above-mentioned traditional methods, innovative approaches are actively used at the stage of training with a prosthesis: robotic prostheses, biofeedback technologies, and VR technologies. Giacomo Valle's research has shown that the use of a robotic prosthesis in combination with biofeedback technology not only increases the patient's movement speed, but also increases his or her confidence. Research by Rami L. Abbas demonstrated the feasibility of using VR technologies, which showed a significant improvement in the balance markers, TUG, DGI and BBS tests (P < 0.05). Lifelong rehabilitation, stage IV, involves monitoring the patient for psychosocial adaptation, stump skin pathologies, pain, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, other chronic diseases, health, and ensuring the use of appropriate footwear for the contralateral limb. Conclusions. Thus, the current trends in combining traditional methods with innovative approaches in the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputation are appropriate and justified. It is through the use of therapeutic gymnastics, massage and kinesiotaping in combination with the use of biofeedback technologies, robotic systems and virtual reality that the best results are achieved.

A study of a PERMA-based positive psychological intervention programme in subthreshold depressed patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer: formulation and application.

Depression seriously affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients and even hinders treatment and recovery after diagnosis. Subthreshold depression should be worthy of attention, and the risk of subthreshold depression developing into depression increases if timely intervention is not available. However, there is limited research on interventions for subthreshold depression, especially for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Exploring the efficacy of a PERMA-based positive psychological intervention programme in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with subthreshold depression. Using PERMA as a framework, we constructed the intervention programme through a literature review and expert discussion approach, and revised the programme using the Delphi method. Then we selected 84 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients for a randomised controlled trial. The control group received conventional care (primary care, specialist care, psychological care, etc.), and the observation group received a PERMA-based positive psychological intervention programme. Patient data were collected before and after the intervention, and the dataset consisted of patient responses to general information, the Depression Screening Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HAMD-17), and the Questionnaire on Psychosocial Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients. A total of 79 patients completed the study (38 patients in the observation group and 41 patients in the control group), and before the intervention, there were no statistical differences in the comparison of general information, subthreshold depression scores, and psychosocial adaptation scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the subthreshold depression (CES-D and HAMD-17 scores) scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.01), and the psychosocial adaptation scores were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.01). A positive psychological intervention programme using PERMA as a framework was more effective in reducing subthreshold depression levels and promoting levels of psychosocial adjustment in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Interventions for subthreshold depression are not limited to the traditional aftercare model, but rather from a positive psychology perspective. Especially for patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer, this is a new endeavour that has important implications for them. Because, instead of focusing on their negative emotions, we help them gradually adapt to their new identity and treatment process from a positive aspect during their most difficult period, thus reducing their subthreshold depression level and preventing it from developing into a more severe depression.

Syrian refugees in Canada: a qualitative report of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial adaptation

PurposeSince March 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted refugees by compounding preexisting and systemic health, social and economic inequities. In Canada, approximately 50,000 Syrian refugees arrived between 2015 and 2020 and were in the process of rebuilding their lives when the pandemic started. This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for Syrian refugees in Canada and identify supports needed.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on frameworks for refugee psychosocial adaptation and social integration and a qualitative descriptive design, the study used thematic analysis to examine semi-structured interviews with 10 Syrians.FindingsFindings indicated four themes that provide a snapshot of impacts relatively early in the pandemic: facing ongoing development, inequity and insecurity during integration; disruption of settlement, integration and adaptation due to the pandemic; ongoing adaptation and resilience during integration in Canada; and ongoing needs and solutions for integration and adaptation.Originality/valueThis study builds upon growing research concerning Syrian refugees and psychosocial adaptation, particularly during the pandemic. The findings highlight the impacts of the pandemic on a population already facing inequities in a resettlement country. While the findings emphasize the resilience of the Syrian refugee community, the study also demonstrates the need for ongoing supports and justice-oriented action to fulfill resettlement commitments, especially in the face of additional stressors like the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for policy, practice and future research are discussed.

Psychosocial Adaptation in Lung Cancer Patients: a Literature Review

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one type of cancer with the highest mortality rate, this is often due to delays in diagnosis and the impact of prognosis which can affect the psychosocial adaptation of lung cancer patients. Analyze psychosocial adaptation problems in lung cancer patients, their impacts, and treatment strategies. Systematic review used the PRISMA protocol and JBI scoring tool to determine eligible articles. Five electronic databases were used (Pubmed; Science Direct and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included research on lung cancer published in English in the last ten years (2014-2024). The results showed that 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results of the review show several common problems experienced by lung cancer patients, including depression, anxiety, social isolation, stigmatization, mental health problems, and difficulties in adaptation. The impact is a decrease in emotional well-being, a reduction in quality of life, an increase in physical symptoms, and a worsening of the disease prognosis. Several prevention strategies include providing multidisciplinary therapy through supportive and palliative care, improving the quality of psychosocial health services, cognitive behavioral therapy, social support therapy, psycho-education, increasing social support, spiritual treatment, increasing healthy behavior, and using confrontation and stress coping. Psychosocial problems experienced by lung cancer patients are often complex and can include various aspects. Several common issues experienced by lung cancer patients are related to psychosocial problems. The impact of psychosocial problems can worsen the prognosis of lung cancer so several treatment efforts are needed to overcome psychosocial problems in lung cancer patients. Keywords: Adaptation, Lung Cancer, Literature Review, Psychosocial

Assessment of emotion knowledge in a bilingual context and its relationship with adaptive behavior in early childhood education

Multiple education organizations and experts, including the recent education law in Spain, emphasize the significance of nurturing emotional skills from childhood to prevent the development of emotional and behavioral disorders. One of these skills is emotion knowledge (EK), which is closely linked to personal and social adjustment from early years, and later psychosocial adaptation. The present study aims to provide an assessment tool for EK in the bilingual context of the Basque Country and to provide evidence about the relationship between EK and various behavioral outcomes in early childhood education. The research involved 455 children between 3 and 6 years of old. The Emotion Matching Task, which measures the EK, was adapted to the bilingual context of the Basque Country has shown good psychometric properties and appropriate factor fit. The study also revealed the factor invariance of the Spanish and Basque versions, as well as invariance by sex. The results demonstrated that girls have higher EK than boys. Additionally, EK was associated with fewer externalizing, internalizing, and attention problems, as well as with lower atypicality and withdrawal, while higher EK was linked to greater adaptive skills. These findings support the need for interventions focused on the development of emotional skills and the suitable tools to assess their effectiveness.

LIFE AFTER STROKE AND THE KEY ROLE OF COORDINATED REHABILITATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE STROKE SURVIVOR FAMILIES

Introduction. Stroke significantly affects the lives of survivors, requiring adaptation to lost capabilities while impacting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Stroke is a leading cause of acquired disability in adults and a significant contributor to mortality, particularly among older individuals and in low-income countries. A stroke is described as a neurological deficit caused by acute damage to the central nervous system. Aim. The study's main aim was to explore the use of coordinated stroke rehabilitation before, during, and after hospital discharge. It examined components of coordinated rehabilitation, focusing on the needs of the client's family. This study was conducted as part of the GAJU 066/2022/S project and approved by the ethics committee under 6/2022. Materials and methods. This study used a qualitative research approach and semi-structured interviews with family members caring for stroke patients. The data collected was then analyzed using various coding strategies with the assistance of ATLAS.ti software. This rigorous methodology ensured the reliability and validity of the study's findings. Results. The effects of strokes are profound, not only on patients but also on their families and caregivers. Adapting to life after a stroke necessitates significant changes in family dynamics, values, and norms. The importance of effective communication and support from healthcare staff during patient hospitalization cannot be overstated. Respondents highlighted the role of quality care and communication in ensuring a positive hospital stay. However, they also pointed out certain deficiencies, such as delayed stroke diagnosis and inadequate information about post-discharge care and rehabilitation. The study underscored the importance of at-home rehabilitation in familiar environments for functional improvement. Conclusions. Life after a stroke presents a substantial challenge for patients and their families, requiring physical, psychosocial, and emotional adaptation. Coordinated rehabilitation facilitates post-stroke adjustments for patients and families and increases overall quality of life. Improved coordination and communication among healthcare providers, development of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams, and effective post-discharge monitoring and support systems are essential for comprehensive care tailored to the needs of the patient and their families. Stroke patient family members advocate for enhanced support and services for better rehabilitation and for coping with post-stroke challenges.

Types and Predictors of Acculturative Stress Among Multicultural Adolescents in Middle School

Objectives: This study examines how acculturative stress in multicultural adolescents changes during their middle school years and categorizes groups with similar patterns of change. Additionally, the study explores predictive variables influencing these distinct acculturative stress trajectories and verifies how depression and life satisfaction vary according to different patterns of change.Methods: Leveraging data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel (MAPS 1) conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs across the fourth to sixth waves, the researchers analyzed a cohort of 1,316 participants, including multicultural adolescents and their parents. Logistic regression analysis and ANOVA were employed to investigate potential disparities in growth mixture modeling and acculturative stress latent classes based on predictive factors.Results: Three latent groups of multicultural adolescents’ acculturative stress were identified: low-retention group, persistent increasing group, persistent decrease group. The logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, bicultural acceptance attitude, Korean-language proficiency, foreign parent’s native-language proficiency, parental acculturative stress, and peer support were significantly associated with latent groups. Additionally, significant differences in depression and life satisfaction during the third grade of middle school were observed according to the types of acculturative stress changes.Conclusion: Our study results indicate the need for various support programs aimed at promoting the psychosocial adaptation of multicultural adolescents. These programs should take into account the characteristics and individual differences in acculturative stress and should be implemented at the family level to facilitate social adaptation.

The relationship between perceived social support, coping style, and the quality of life and psychological state of lung cancer patients

BackgroundLung cancer has always a cancer that threatens human health. Quality of life also has been an important research topic. psychological state in patients can influence their quality of life, and perceived social support and coping styles are relevant facilitators of Quality of life, but this specific relationship has not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study is focus on discussing the correlation of these four and understanding their potential mediating pathways.Materials and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study. A total of 300 Lung Cancer patients from a cancer hospital in Suzhou were surveyed. The Data was collected using the scales. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.ResultsThe study revealed a significant serial mediation model between perceived social support and coping style: Psychological state regulates patients’ coping styles by influencing their perceived social support which ultimately has comprehensive impacts on their quality of life.ConclusionBased on the empirical results discussed, this study proposes the following suggestion: Provide good online support to form a related social media intervention matrix. meanwhile, expand the patients’ social network offline, provide channels for patients to express their troubles outwardly, and regularly assess the patients’ psychological status to improve their level of psychosocial adaptation. This will in turn enhance their negative coping strategies towards the disease and strengthen their ability to buffer against it, ultimately promoting a better quality of life for the patients.

Relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat in IVF-ET: based on actor-partner interdependence model approach

Objective A person’s marital satisfaction is a strong predictor of their own mental health outcomes. However, marital satisfaction results from both spouses’ experiences, so a partner’s marital satisfaction also affects his or her mental health outcomes. This study adopted the actor-partner interdependence model approach (APIM) to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction and sense of defeat in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) couples. Methods and measures In this cross-sectional study, 181 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment were recruited using the Marital Satisfaction Scale of the ENRICH Marital Quality Questionnaire and Defeat Scale. Through APIM and Pearson analysis, the path relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat was analyzed. Results The varying degrees of defeat in IVF-ET couples, are closely related to actors’ and partners’ marital satisfaction. In terms of actor effects, the Marital Satisfaction of both husbands (β = −0.71, p < 0.001) and wives (β = −0.46, p = 0.001) have a significant effect on individual Defeat. With regard to partner effects, husbands’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.23, p = 0.038) has a significant impact on wives’ Defeat and the wives’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.45, p = −0.005) has a significant impact on husbands’ Defeat. Conclusion IVF-ET couples must be looked at as a whole, and it is critical to include couples and not just men or women when studying infertility. The importance of their interaction is essential to improve the psychosocial adaptation of infertile couples in IVF-ET treatment.

Epidemiological Study on Developmental Coordination Disorder in School Going Children

Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has garnered significant attention in recent years, with rapid advancements in our understanding of this condition. Despite this progress, DCD often goes undiagnosed, making it challenging for children, parents, and educators to access essential resources. The motor difficulties associated with DCD can lead to social exclusion, as peers may be reluctant to invite these children to participate in play activities. Consequently, children with DCD may withdraw from leisure pursuits, perceiving themselves as lacking the necessary skills to engage fully. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify DCD in non-referred school-aged children. Early identification enables these individuals to access crucial resources, such as physiotherapy interventions, which can maximize their functional, academic, and psychosocial performance, and overall quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 non-referred school-going children aged 4-12 years from Bangalore, selected through random sampling. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), consisting of 32 organized tasks across four sets covering manual dexterity, ball skills, and dynamic balance, was administered. Additionally, the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), comprising 12 tasks that assess a child’s ability to accomplish various motor skills, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a 113-item inventory describing children’s psychosocial behavior, were utilized to evaluate overall development. Results: Multivariate analysis identified a significant prevalence of DCD among the study participants. The findings underscore the imperative nature of early identification using comprehensive assessment tools for the well-being and psychosocial adaptation of school-aged children. Conclusions: These findings indicate that children with movement problems are at risk for difficulties in attention, learning, and psychosocial adjustment. Regardless of the kind or intensity, a child’s assessment for movement issues should cover a broad variety of functions in addition to motor skills. This comprehensive approach will enable access to essential resources, such as physiotherapeutic interventions, crucial for their overall development.

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Psychosocial Adaptation of Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of psychosocial adaptation of hemodialysis patients, and to provide a reference basis for the development of nursing interventions. Methods: 435 hemodialysis patients from the hemodialysis centers of three tertiary A hospitals in Xi’an City were conveniently selected from April to August 2023, and were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Psychosocial Adaptation to Disease Scale, the Fear of Disease Progression Simplification Scale, and the Personal Sense of Control Scale. Results: The psychosocial adaptation score of hemodialysis patients was (56.68 ± 18.32); the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, the form of payment for medical expenses, work status, degree of self-care in daily life, number of co-morbid chronic illnesses, fear of disease progression, and sense of personal mastery were the main influencing factors of psychosocial adaptation of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: The psychosocial adaptation of hemodialysis patients is at the level of severe maladaptation, and healthcare professionals should formulate scientific and reasonable nursing intervention programs according to their influencing factors to enhance their psychosocial adaptation.

Innovative Rehabilitation Strategies for Chemical Dependency: Integrating Biochemical Insights and Psychosocial Approaches

Background: The increasing prevalence of substance use disorders underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying addiction, especially their impact on blood and genetic health. Chemical dependency not only affects physiological processes but also interacts with genetic predispositions, influencing the course and complications of addiction. Methods: This study investigates the relationship between chemical dependency, biochemical factors, and their implications for blood composition and genetic health. We examined how substance use disorders alter hematological profiles, affect hematopoiesis, and interact with genetic factors. The research involved analyzing changes in blood markers and genetic expressions related to addiction and recovery. Progressive rehabilitation techniques were evaluated for their effectiveness in addressing these issues. Results: Our findings reveal that chemical dependency significantly impacts blood composition, including alterations in hematological markers and disturbances in hematopoietic processes. Genetic factors were found to play a role in exacerbating addiction risks and health complications. Progressive rehabilitation techniques incorporating advancements in genetics and biochemistry were shown to improve outcomes by providing personalized interventions that address both physiological and psychological aspects of recovery. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of integrating biochemical and genetic assessments into rehabilitation programs to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. Personalized approaches that address the interplay between addiction, blood health, and genetic predispositions promote better psychosocial adaptation and biochemical stabilization. This comprehensive understanding contributes valuable insights into developing more effective rehabilitation practices, ultimately supporting improved mental health and overall well-being.

Experiences of adolescents affected by earthquakes: A qualitative study.

The aim of the study is to explore the experiences of adolescents affected by the earthquake. This study was carried out in a descriptive phenomenological design, which is a qualitative research method. This research was conducted as a qualitative investigation utilizing a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of 12 adolescents through the purposeful snowball sampling method. The interviews were conducted with adolescents who affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in a city located in the west of the country, between March 18, 2023 and June 30, 2023. Semistructured interviews were employed, and the data underwent inductive content analysis. COREQ reporting guidelines were used. The participants in this study vividly recounted experiencing intense fear and panic during the earthquake. Subsequent challenges emerged from the lack of coordination in aid efforts, struggles to secure shelter and necessities, and the profound loss of relatives. These adversities posed considerable physical and psychological challenges. Notably, the adolescents' ability to reflect on their past lives and reshape their perspectives proved instrumental in facilitating their adaptation to a new life. However, witnessing the demise of loved ones, grappling with the fear of death and loss, and incessantly discussing the earthquake hindered their adjustment. We found that adolescents experienced the quakes in three phases: in the moment, postquake, and adaptation to new life. The first theme underscores the limitations of current effectiveness of quake training. This finding has important implications for policy to better prepare the adolescent population for quake disasters. The second theme reveals that the communication and coordination problems experienced after the earthquake enable the weaknesses of the system to be noticed and political steps should be taken in this direction. The third theme focuses on the factors that increase or decrease the psychosocial adaptation of adolescents who have experienced this traumatic experience to the new life. This provides important clues to improve and support adolescent health.

Positive Mental Health Types and Psychosocial Adaptation among College Students: A Longitudinal Study

Positive Mental Health Types and Psychosocial Adaptation among College Students: A Longitudinal Study

Characteristic features of brain development and remedial methods for autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Review of current research

Introduction. Deep understanding of neurobiological processes in normal and abnormal children is crucially important for developing remedial procedures for mental development disorders and using inclusive learning methods. The purpose of this article is to summarize modern and most relevant information about the brain structure and functioning features in connection with disorders of neural structures, pathways and networks, as well as psychosocial and educational remedial methods for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Materials and Methods. The work is based on a comprehensive experimental research results analysis in the field of cognitive sciences and related areas affecting the issues of neurodivergent states. Research articles published between 2003 and 2024, mainly between 2021 and 2024, were used as materials. Results. Within the framework of this study, the authors identified key common and distinctive features of pathogenesis, epidemiology, and the neurobiological foundations of the ASD and ADHD development. Examples of disorders observed at the level of brain anatomical structures and functioning of individual neural networks are demonstrated. The spread of a symptomatic manifestations variety, concomitant disorders (comorbidity), the difficulty in differentiating the concepts of norm and pathology in a wide range of neurodivergent conditions are emphasized. Summarizing the data on various methods of therapy and treatment, the authors justified the key role of psychosocial adaptation within the framework of school education, which requires teachers’ understanding the peculiarities of mental development and techniques for interacting with neurodivergent children. Transmission of carefully selected information about the peculiarities of mental development to children seems to be relevant in order to help them understand their own problems and find solutions to them. These topics can be integrated into in the biology course given by appropriately prepared teachers. Conclusions. Rehabilitation and integration into society of children with ASD and ADHD is the main and practically the only way to solve the problem, requiring an understanding of the neurodevelopment peculiarities, conscious and tolerant attitude on the part of teachers, psychologists, parents and peers. The article is addressed to specialists in the field of psychology, special and inclusive education, pediatricians, educators, teachers, parents.

СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕМОЦІЙНИХ НАВИЧОК МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ

The article presents an overview of the features of the formation of social-emotional skills of younger schoolchildren and specifies the essence of the concept of "social-emotional skills of younger schoolchildren". It is emphasized that the formation of social-emotional skills is one of the key factors of a child's full-fledged development, his adaptation to the social environment, and preservation of mental health. Children of primary school age are developing such skills as emotion regulation and effective communication with others. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of implementing social-emotional education programs in educational institutions as an effective way of forming social-emotional skills of children of primary school age. This approach improves their psychosocial adaptation and contributes to the strengthening of mental health, the formation of readiness for school and social interaction. Key words: socio-emotional skills of younger schoolchildren; stages of formation of social-emotional competence of younger schoolchildren, social skills, emotional skills, structural-functional model.

QOL-34. POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) often report late psychosocial effects following the disease and the treatments. Recent studies have shown that PBTS can experience growth in their personal and interpersonal dimensions and develop coping strategies that allow them to deal with the stress caused by cancer diagnosis and subsequent therapies. This study aimed to describe post-traumatic growth (PTG) experiences and coping strategies among adolescents and young adults (AYA) survivors of pediatric brain tumors. METHODS AYA survivors were assessed using Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) questionnaires. They received evaluation at a median age of 20.2 years (range 13.6-28.7), with a median of 92 months from diagnosis. RESULTS Among 22 AYA survivors (M =14; F=8), the diagnosed tumor types were: germ cell tumor (10/22), low-grade glioma (4/22), embryonal tumor (3/22), high-grade glioma (2/22), craniopharyngioma (2/22), and mesenchymal tumor of the meninges (1/22).The domains of PTG in which positive changes were most frequently reported were Personal Strength (25%), Appreciation for Life (25%), and New Possibilities (23%). The less impacted domain was Spiritual Growth (9%). As regards the most adopted coping style, 38% showed higher values in the Distraction scale, 31% in the Task-Oriented scale, 15% in the Avoidance scale, and 15% in the Social Diversion scale. CONCLUSIONS PTG and coping are important indicators of psychosocial adaptation to difficult or stressful events. To develop specific interventions that enhance PTG, it is essential to understand which factors influence growth in PBTS. Our preliminary data show that all AYA survivors report PTG after treatments, at least in some domains. Further analysis is needed to identify which coping styles may influence the development of PTG.

Health status of Hemodialysis Patients with End Stage Kidney Disease in Kirkuk City

Background: Hemodialysis is a treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in which a machine filters waste and excess fluids from the blood for patients whose kidneys can no longer perform this function on their own. The health status of a hemodialysis patient can vary depending on several factors, including the underlying cause of their kidney disease, their overall health and medical history, the effectiveness of their dialysis treatments, and their adherence to their treatment plan. Aim: This study aimed to assess health status of hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease in Kirkuk city: 2023-2024. Methods: Cross –sectional study design conducted from 10 February 2023 to 22 May 2024.This study was conducted at Kirkuk City Hospitals . A purposive sample (non-probability) consisting of 100 patients under hemodialysis at Kirkuk city hospitals . . Data were collected using an interview-structured questionnaire. The structured questionnaire consisted of three main domain includes demographic data, medical data and health status domain which includes (independency, daily physical activity, psychosocial, and life adaptation. A three-point Likert scale was employed, with (3) representing always, (2) some times and (1) for never. Mean of score categorized as low significant less than 1.8, moderate significant :1.8 to 2.39 and high significant between 2.4 to 3. The data were prepared, organized and entered into the computer file; Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) (23 version .The significance level for statistical analysis was set at p&lt;0.05.. The descriptive data analysis (frequencies, percentages) and inferential statics by use Anova and T, test was used for categorical variables Results: The results shows the male more than female and constitute 60 (60.0%), most of "Age Groups", between (50-59) years and constitute 35.0% in the dialysis patients Conclusions: health status of patients with hemodialysis patients different according to independency, daily physical activities, psycho- social aspects, and adaptation of life., mean score for hemodialysis patients were high and moderate in most items, Health status of hemodialysis patients were poor, Socio-demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients age, gender, marital status and occupation has significant effect on health status at p&lt;0.05.