Province Of Almeria Research Articles (Page 1)

Climate change represents a major global challenge, with semi-arid regions like the province of Almería being particularly vulnerable. Almería’s dependence on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and tourism, coupled with the absence of perennial rivers, increases its exposure to extreme events including heatwaves, droughts, and extreme precipitation events like storms. This study proposes a semi-quantitative methodology to assess climate risk across different sectors at the municipal level, combining indicators of hazard, exposure and vulnerability within the framework of the IPCC AR6. Exposure and vulnerability indicators were derived from regional, national and European datasets, while hazards were characterized using downscaled Essential Climate Variables. After data collection, the indicators were normalized using a percentile-based approach to ensure their comparison and replicability, especially in data-scarce contexts. The results reveal both sectoral and spatial patterns of risk under three different climate change scenarios, highlighting municipalities with a higher level of exposure, vulnerability and risk. Although the static nature of exposure and vulnerability indicators represents a limitation in future risk quantification, the findings remain valuable for identifying priority areas for targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies. The proposed semi-quantitative risk methodology based on indicators is of great interest and relevance for understanding differences at local scales, as well as for implementing adaptation and mitigation solutions adjusted to the real needs of each municipality.

Green infrastructure (GI) is increasingly prioritised in landscape policy and planning due to its potential to benefit ecosystems and enhance wildlife conservation. However, due to the uneven distribution of protected areas (PAs) and the fragmentation of habitats more generally, multi-level policy strategies are needed to create an integrated GI network bridging national, regional and local scales. In the province of Almeria, southeastern Spain, protected areas are mainly threatened by two land use/land cover changes. On the one hand, there is the advance of intensive greenhouse agriculture, which, between 1984 and 2007, increased in surface area by more than 58%. On the other hand, there is the growth of artificial surfaces, including urban areas (+64%), construction sites (+194%) and road infrastructures (+135%). To address this challenge, we present a proposal for green infrastructure deployment in the province of Almeria. We combine Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques to identify and evaluate suitability for key elements to be included in GI in two key ways. First, we identify the most suitable areas to form part of the GI in order to address vulnerability to degradation and fragmentation. Second, we propose 15 ecological corridors connecting the 35 protected areas of the province that act as core areas. The proposed GI network would extend along the western coast of the province and occupy the valleys of the main rivers. The river Almanzora plays a leading role. Due to its remoteness from the coast and its climatic conditions, it has not attracted intensive greenhouse agriculture and urban development, the main drivers of the transformation and fragmentation of traditional land uses. Around 50% of the area occupied by the proposed corridors would be located in places of medium and high suitability for the movement of species between core areas.

This paper is the result carried out as part of a final degree research focuses on Spanish teaching-learning as a second language (SL), specifically, in an almost unknow context of language learning such as the migrant settlements in the Region of Níjar (to the East of the Province of Almeria, Andalusia). The main characteristic of these settlements is that their population lives in a precarious and irregular situation of residence in Spain. Learning Spanish is a necessity for social integration, but above all, in order to be able to work and to be able to do so with better guarantees of security, salary, etc. On the other hand, it will allow them to regularise their residence status in this country. Therefore, based on this context, we present the results of this exploratory qualitative study to analyse, on the one hand, which entities are in charge of this type of teaching and, on the other, to find out about various aspects related to this complex teaching framework, such as the needs of these learners or the processes and resources used by teachers to teach Spanish as a SL, among other issues. For this purpose, we used participant observation, a survey and a semi-structured interview as research instruments. Among the findings, it is worth highlighting the diversity of the students, their resources (both in terms of time and the need to create flexible learning spaces, with materials adapted to their needs and possibilities and with teachers trained to deal with this type of teaching. Undoubtedly, this research provides information on a specific context which is very unknown in the academic field context yet unknown.

We present the results of the statistical analysis carried out on forensic medical autopsies and investigations into deaths with judicial intervention (DIJ) in the Community of Andalusia during the two-year period 2021 and 2022. Material and methods: The data were obtained through the IMLWeb application of the National Statistics Institute (INE), a DIJ database maintained with medical information provided directly by the Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (IMLCF) throughout the country. The population data and economic variables were obtained directly from the INE. The statistical analysis was mainly descriptive. Results: The Community of Andalusia was first in the total number of investigations carried out during this period and also first in the total number of homicides registered. The homicide rate was the third at national level after the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, with a value of 0.80 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants compared to the national average of 0.65. Both the province of Cordoba and its capital city had the lowest rates in the community, with the highest rates in the province of Almeria. No correlation was observed between variables such as population size or economic variables and the homicide rate. The average age was 47 years and the proportion of women among the homicide victims was 29%. 27.66% of victims were non-Spanish nationals. The main mechanism of homicide was the use of bladed weapons (42%), followed by firearms (21%). Conclusions: the IMLWeb application gathers information of great interest in order to learn about the activity of the IMLCFs and to be able to reliably delve into issues of general social interest, such as the phenomenon of homicide deaths in Spain and its different territories.

Background: Among the clinical predictors of a heart failure (HF) prognosis, different personal factors have been established in previous research, mainly age, gender, anemia, renal insufficiency and diabetes, as well as mediators (pulmonary embolism, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arrhythmias and dyslipidemia). We do not know the role played by contextual and individual factors in the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Methods: The present study has added hospital and management factors (year, type of hospital, length of stay, number of diagnoses and procedures, and readmissions) in predicting exitus to establish a structural predictive model. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the province of Almeria. Results: A total of 529,606 subjects participated, through databases of the Spanish National Health System. A predictive model was constructed using correlation analysis (SPSS 24.0) and structural equation models (SEM) analysis (AMOS 20.0) that met the appropriate statistical values (chi-square, usually fit indices and the root-mean-square error approximation) which met the criteria of statistical significance. Individual factors, such as age, gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were found to positively predict mortality risk. Isolated contextual factors (hospitals with a greater number of beds, especially, and also the number of procedures performed, which negatively predicted the risk of death. Conclusions: It was, therefore, possible to introduce contextual variables to explain the behavior of mortality in patients with HF. The size or level of large hospital complexes, as well as procedural effort, are key contextual variables in estimating the risk of mortality in HF.

Consumer demands and current legislation require intensive greenhouse horticulture to be sustainable. This poses the challenge of how to teach the concept of sustainable horticulture to all professionals involved in farming. The province of Almeria, in the south-east of Spain, is one of the major horticulture greenhouse areas in Europe, and an expert panel of relevant stakeholders was invited to look into the best pedagogical practices and methods to transfer technology and knowledge, with the goal of improving the sustainability of greenhouse horticulture. A combination of an online questionnaire, a Delphi method, and desk research was, therefore, used as the strategy to collect the data and implement the research design during 2021. On-farm/business demonstrations, virtual education, and classroom education were common pedagogical methods used. On-farm/business demonstrations, participatory education, and co-learning were identified as the best pedagogical methods to use in sustainable agriculture/horticulture training. The expert panel also concluded that participatory education and co-learning should be further explored whereas virtual and classroom education should play a less dominant role in the training activities. This knowledge can help training organizations and designers to avoid common mistakes, tailor their training activities, and be mindful of common barriers and (mis)conceptions.

Spain is one of the main fruit and vegetable export centers, as it allocates more than 80% of its total production to foreign trade. In recent years, the stable demand for fruit and vegetables has been affected by the incorporation of third countries outside the European Union, which compete by marketing the same portfolio of products. This situation causes farmers to have to look for other crops to expand the current supply. However, the introduction of alternative crops leaves aside the environmental importance in order to choose a profitable and sustainable alternative for farmers from the economic, logistical and social point of view. The key strategy must be to increase the range of products with new crops that are both profitable and sustainable, especially given the difficulties encountered in agricultural practices, such as pollution from chemical products, water scarcity, and waste generation. In this context, the need arises to propose national crops that can complement the necessary supply and avoid negative externalities. For this reason, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the profitability of the sustainable production of figs inside greenhouses so that the agricultural sector may invest in this alternative crop to complement the supply of intensive horticulture in southeastern Spain. Therefore, this analysis seeks to answer the initial question, Can fig cultivation be a profitable alternative to the current model of agriculture in the Almeria region? The field test consisted of cultivating 11 national varieties of biferous fig trees under greenhouse conditions. The chosen location was the Spanish southeast, specifically an experimental farm in the province of Almeria, and the selected dates were the years 2018–2020. The results indicate that the intensive cultivation of early figs and figs is a good alternative since it both allows the recovery of the investment from the fourth year, depending on the selected variety, and contributes favorably to sustainable agricultural production.

In Europe today, there is increasing interest in the management of protected spaces, not only in an attempt to ensure their conservation but also because of their enormous potential for promoting rural development. These protected spaces are generally designed from the top down, although, in an increasing number of cases, they are being promoted by rural communities themselves. The situation across Europe with regard to protected areas is extraordinarily complex due, among other reasons, to the variety of categories and types of protected areas at the regional level. The objective of this study was to compare two parks: the Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park in Andalusia, Spain, and the Alta Murgia National Park in Apulia, Italy, in order to identify any similarities and/or differences between them. To this end, we performed a dynamic analysis of the evolution of the crops, uses, and livestock species using a specific indicator that can detect local dynamics by comparing areas inside the parks with those in the immediate surrounding areas. The results pointed, in part, to a resurgence of these places. In both cases, a trend was observed towards more extensive farming of certain crops and livestock species that are more profitable and/or more highly regarded as quality products. In other cases, there was a risk of traditional crops and agricultural landscapes being abandoned and lost. Various threats were identified in relation to capital-intensive forms of agriculture, especially involving greenhouse cultivation on the Mediterranean coast in the provinces of Granada and Almeria.

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is a high-value fruit crop, introduced about a decade ago in the mainland of Spain. In 2021, chlorotic spots were observed on young cladodes in a commercial dragon fruit orchard in the province of Seville (southern Spain). Sap extracts from 4 symptomatic cladodes were used to mechanically inoculate indicator plants: no symptoms were produced in Datura stramonium plants, but Chenopodium amaranticolor reacted with chlorotic local lesions and prickly pear plants (Opuntia ficus-indica) showed irregular yellow ringspot symptoms on young cladodes at 30 days post inoculation. Total RNA was extracted from all 4 symptomatic cladodes as previously described (Pallas et al. 1987). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, which was carried out with M-MLV-RT and Go Taq Pol (Promega Biotech Ibérica, SL, Madrid, Spain) and tobamovirus primers (Dovas et al. 2004), failed to produce any amplicons. Electrophoretic analysis of dsRNA, extracted from symptomatic cladodes, yielded a banding pattern similar to the one reported for potexviruses (Valverde et al. 1986). Primers specific for Cactus virus X (Kim et al., 2016) failed to produce amplicons, whereas potexvirus group primers (Potex F5/Potex R2) (van der Vlugt and Berendsen 2002), amplified an expected 584-bp amplicon from RNA extracts of all 4 field-collected samples. The RT-PCR products from the four samples were Sanger-sequenced. All showed identical sequence results (GenBank Accession MZ614940) with a predicted amino acid identity of 99% with the corresponding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amino acid sequence of Schlumbergera virus X (SchVX) (GenBank Accession No. ACD99908). SchVX-specific primers (431s, 5'-TTTGAGGAGTTCGTCAGCAAGA-3' and 431As, 5'-TCAAGAGCCCATTGAGAGAGTG-3') that were designed based on the new sequence, amplified the expected amplicon of around 430 nucleotides from the total RNA extracts of the four samples. The amplicons were Sanger-sequenced and the expected nucleotide sequence was obtained. This pair of primers were used in RT-PCR tests on subsequent surveys in 2 commercial dragon fruit greenhouses from the province of Seville, and in 1 experimental greenhouse in the province of Almeria. All samples from 25 symptomatic plants of H. undatus, H. hybridum, H. costaricensis, and H. purpusii in Seville and from 1 symptomatic H. undatus plant from Almeria tested positive for SchVX, while 15 asymptomatic plants tested negative. The results obtained in this investigation support that SchVX is present in the cladodes of dragon fruit plants expressing the symptoms. SchVX has been reported previously from H. undatus from Brasil (Duarte et al. 2008) and from prickly pear in Mexico (De La Torre-Almaráz et al. 2016), and to our knowledge, this is the first report of the virus in Spain. These findings suggest that SchVX has been introduced in dragon fruit farms from Spain and propagation of this emerging crop through planting of cuttings should include testing for this virus in order to prevent further spread.

Almería, a province of Spain, is the leader in horticultural production on a Spanish and European scale. The specific conditions of greenhouse cultivation favor plant development, but also the proliferation of pests. This high incidence of pests was controlled in the past mainly by means of chemical phytosanitary treatments. The aim of the present work has been to analyze the tools facilitated by the Andalusian Government (Junta de Andalucía) to replace the usual pest management process, taking advantage of the context of the food safety alert arising from the detection of isophenphos-methyl in peppers from the province of Almeria in December 2007. The results illustrate that, unlike many programs of public subsidies which involve long-term expenditure, the aid in question took advantage of the socioeconomic situation following the food safety alert. The program led to substantial economic savings and met its objectives swiftly, achieving excellent results in terms of removing most of the pesticides used in the “conventional production system”. In the 2006–2007 season, only 515 hectares in Almería used biological control organisms, four years later, it reached 20,081 hectares, and the average area during the last ten years was 24,953 hectares. This shows that Almeria’s green pest management revolution had been consolidated.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy and health, especially for the most vulnerable social groups. The social determinants of health are one of the most relevant risks for becoming infected with COVID-19, due to the health consequences for those who are exposed to it. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of social determinants in health on COVID-19 infection in vulnerable social groups. A transversal epidemiological study was carried out on 746 individuals in vulnerable situations living in conditions of extreme poverty in disadvantaged areas in the province of Almeria (southeast of Spain). Social determinants of health such access to drinking water (p < 0.001) and economic income (p = 0.04) influenced the infection of COVID-19. A binary logistic regression model showed that the significant predictors of COVID-19 infection were the lack of economic income and inaccessible drinking water. The government and social health services must be aware of this problem in order to play an active role in searching for solutions and implementing public health prevention measures to eliminate social inequalities in health.

Greenhouses in the province of Almeria, one of the largest agro-industrial clusters in the world, have been the subject of various technical and environmental analyses in which, until now, the demand for electricity has not been included in the necessary depth and detail. This circumstance is justified by the fact that productive activity on farms, in its current configuration, cannot be considered as highly energy demanding and, especially, because the impact on the balance sheets of all the industries providing auxiliary services to the greenhouses has not been taken into account. This work first presents a general approach to the energy context of the sector, identifying and assessing some of the basic indicators which determine the relevance of the activity, especially in a regional context. In addition, the need for the study is justified on the basis of demand growth forecasts due to the technification process of the farms currently underway. Next, and based on the availability of an extensive set of data on electricity consumption from eleven nuclei of industrial activity of a diverse nature, but all of which are providers of auxiliary services to intensive agriculture, the main seasonal and daily patterns of this demand have been analysed with the aim of characterising it accurately and, from there, establishing realistic and contrastable reference values when carrying out aggregate studies of the environmental impact and ecological footprint of intensive agriculture in Almería. At the same time, this study has served to advance design criteria that may favour the adoption of photovoltaic systems for the energy supply of this type of company. The consumption of the industries analysed covers a wide range of accumulated demands, between 0.2 GWh/y and 5.41 GWh/y, and has shown strong seasonal and daily dependencies related to the very stages of development of the cultivation processes of the products they serve.

Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (SiO2) is one of the most common and serious risks because of the health consequences for the workers involved. Silicosis is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to assess the occupational risk factors that may contribute to the onset of silicosis in workers carrying out work activities with the inhalation of silica compact dust. The study population consisted of 311 artificial stone workers from the province of Almeria (southeast of Spain). Among them, 64 were previously diagnosed with silicosis and the rest of the participants (n = 247 workers) were not diagnosed with such a disease. The workers showing a greater risk of developing silicosis were those who installed kitchen worktops at consumers’ homes, as they did not use face-masks or were not provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) by their business. The results of this study provide support for the evidence indicating that silicosis is a major emerging health concern for workers in the artificial stone sector. Exposure to crystalline silica dust thus can influence the development of silicosis in those cases where individual and collective protection measures are not used or adequately applied.

Background: During adolescence, although the peer group exerts a strong influence on how the individual thinks and feels and on personal social values, the family still exerts a sustaining and supporting role. This study analyzed the relationships established between family function, emotional intelligence and perceived interpersonal support in adolescence. Method: The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18 (M = 15.11; SD = 0.91) in the province of Almeria (Spain). Results: The results showed moderate correlations between the intrapersonal emotional intelligence dimension and perceived availability of support (advice or orientation), and between the mood dimension of emotional intelligence and the three interpersonal support dimensions (appraisal, belonging and tangible). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between family function and the intrapersonal and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, with medium and large effect sizes, respectively. Apart from that, the data revealed that students who could count on a more functional family referred to high empathy and acceptance by others and greater support in material or financial matters, followed by those with moderate family function. In addition, students from homes with severely dysfunctional families perceived less available support. Finally, students who said they could count on strong family function also scored higher on the intrapersonal factor of emotional intelligence. Conclusions: The implications of these findings for the development of emotional intelligence in early adolescence are discussed from the family context, considering the relationship between emotional intelligence and social support.

BackgroundThe western area of the province of Almeria, sited in southern Spain, has one of the highest immigrant population rates in Spain, mainly dedicated to agricultural work. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of imported malaria associated with migrants from countries belonging to sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and analytical characteristics of malaria patients treated in a specialized tropical unit, paying special attention to the differences between VFR and non-VFR migrants and also to the peculiarities of microscopic malaria cases compared to submicroscopic ones.MethodsRetrospective observational study of migrants over 14 years of age with imported malaria treated from October 2004 to May 2019. Characteristics of VFR and non-VFR migrants were compared. Malaria cases were divided into microscopic malaria (MM) and submicroscopic malaria (SMM). SMM was defined as the presence of a positive malaria PCR test together with a negative direct microscopic examination and a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Microscopic malaria was defined as the presence of a positive RDT and/or a positive smear examination.ResultsThree hundred thirty-six cases of malaria were diagnosed, 329 in sub-Saharan immigrants. Of these, 78.1% were VFR migrants, in whom MM predominated (85.2% of cases). In non-VFR migrants, SMM represented 72.2% of the cases. Overall, 239 (72.6%) patients presented MM and 90 (27.4%) SMM. Fever was the most frequent clinical manifestation (64.4%), mainly in the MM group (MM: 81.1% vs SMM: 20.0%; p < 0.01). The most frequent species was P. falciparum. Patients with SMM presented fewer cytopenias and a greater number of coinfections due to soil-transmitted helminths, filarial and intestinal protozoa compared to patients with MM.ConclusionsImported malaria in our area is closely related to sub-Saharan migration. VFR migrants are the main risk group, highlighting the need for actions aimed at improving disease prevention measures. On the other hand, almost a third of the cases are due to SMM. This fact could justify its systematic screening, at least for those travelers at greater risk.Graphical

Las áreas rurales periféricas mediterráneas, marcadas por una profunda descapitalización humana y económica, y con una débil presencia en los relatos que gobiernan la cultura de masas globalizada, encaran el siglo XXI con perspectivas precarias sobre su viabilidad productiva y, en ocasiones, sobre la pervivencia misma de sus estructuras territoriales. Las actividades agrarias tradicionales de estos espacios, debido a la pérdida de su histórica posición comercial, se han visto abocadas progresivamente a escenarios definidos por la desatención, incluso el abandono, si bien en ciertas ocasiones han apostado por la recreación de sus valores enfocada al ocio de las poblaciones urbanas, quedando, en consecuencia, cada vez más desvinculadas de la producción. La presente investigación, a través de la implementación de las estrategias y herramientas que propugna el paradigma del desarrollo endógeno y local, reconoce, analiza y sistematiza los valores patrimoniales de los olivares históricos de la provincia de Almería (Andalucía, España). Éstos, a través de un replanteamiento de su papel en las comunidades rurales en que se insertan, y revelando a la ciudadanía su exacta dimensión ecológica, cultural o paisajística, pueden erigirse en herramientas para la dinamización económica y social del territorio rural en el contexto post-productivista imperante; impulsando, asimismo, procesos de desarrollo sostenible, y ofreciendo, en definitiva, una oportunidad para la mejora de los estándares de calidad de vida de los habitantes de ese entorno.

Cooperatives fulfilled a broad and central role not only in the economic development, but also in the creation of civil society, in a population decimated and fragmented by the politics and culture of the Franco dictatorship. The province of Almeria, Spain, is an example of smallholding rapid development due to the expansion of intensive greenhouse horticulture. It was the poorest Spanish province per capita in 1955, semi-arid, drought-ridden, and devoid of significant infrastructure. Its undereducated population held little promise for economic growth and a massive migration out of the province left it depopulated. Subsequent economic and social development of Almeria was closely tied to the establishment of both credit and agricultural cooperatives, which supported a new greenhouse agriculture for small plot family farmers organized around cooperatives. This paper focuses on how cooperatives were fundamental in constructing civil society for the benefit of poor rural people, even in the presence of significant negative social capital and undemocratic institutions during the Franco dictatorship. As the sector has modernized and matured, cooperatives have led the sustainable transformation of the business ecosystem. However, current shortcomings in the Almeria cooperative movement and civil society and challenges yet to be met are also raised.

The Kingdom of Granada occupied the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, what today would be the current Spanish provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria. Having succeeded the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1238–1492), it remained a geographical and administrative unit until 1834, defended from the advancement of Castilian troops by means of a large network of watchtowers located principally along its inland border. Following the Castilian conquest of Granada, the extensive coastline was also strengthened with a network of towers and fortifications that were progressively adapted to house artillery. A technical survey focusing on the characteristics of their geometrics and construction, as well as their performance in a series of non-destructive tests, such as ambient vibration testing, was undertaken to study the towers’ mechanical strength against both gravitational and seismic loads. The results propose a numerical estimate that defines the fundamental frequency of this type of structure, which in turn can be used to approximate the mechanical properties of the masonry. Such a precise definition based on objective data enables accurate and rigorous numerical analysis of this defensive architecture, thus reducing uncertainties. Furthermore, slenderness is found to be a relevant parameter for adjusting fundamental frequency and for analysing the towers’ historical evolution, enabling their initial height and number of levels to be estimated.

Abstract. During the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the alcazaba of Oria (Old citadel) was considered one of the most outstanding medieval defensive ensembles in the province of Almeria. This defensive complex, located in the Almanzora Valley at an altitude of over a thousand metres, was built around the 12th-14th centuries and has been registered as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985. Nevertheless, unfortunate decisions to intervene in the monument and lack of maintenance facilitated the loss of most of its wall, which had been preserved until the twentieth century. Despite the critical situation of the complex, two sections of the rammed-earth wall are currently identified as standing. This study represents an opportunity to broaden the knowledge of this relevant wall structure and the characterisation of the rammed-earth reinforced wall with lime mortar layers. As a preliminary step towards the rammed-earth walls analysis, the graphic representation of wall elevations by photogrammetry tools is proposed. This technique allows to graphically define the morphology of the rammed-earth wall, to perform its typological analysis and constructive characterisation; and furthermore, to evaluate the state of constructive elements conservation by means of the identification of its damages. The information and results obtained will allow to establish the appropriate laboratory tests for the rammed-earth materials characterisation and to define a report that justifies the inexcusable need to consolidate and preserve them.

The data to construct the missing wind-speed value in the weather station record at “Collado de Yuste”, between the years 2002 to 2012, was calculated using wind speed data recorded in two other nearby weather stations, those in “Solana del Zapatero” and “Calar Alto”. The three mentioned stations are located in the mountain range of the province of Almeria, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. After calculating the degree of association using the correlation coefficient [1] and Wavelet Transform Scalogram [2], the data was successfully constructed. This paper refers to another study: Wind missing data arrangement using wavelet based techniques for getting maximum likelihood [3].