β - sitosterol promotes the SUMOylation of DRP1 in alveolar macrophages and alleviates sepsis-associated acute lung injury.

Sodium hyaluronate based multifunctional hydrogels delivering SiRNA for sustained silencing of SMAD3: A novel strategy to treat intrauterine adhesions.

Molecular mechanisms of antifreeze activity in wheat bran arabinoxylan: The role of fine structure in modulating water-ice dynamic changes.

One of the world's most important scientific challenges is addressing the global food crisis. Products offering potential health benefits, including various supplements with protective properties, have become a priority. Vitamin E is among the compounds gaining increasing attention from consumers. It is a group of compounds, with α-tocopherol of natural origin being the most bioavailable and valuable. This study investigated variations in α-tocopherol content, productivity, and antioxidant status at different growth stages in 15 microalgae strains from the Chlorophyta and Heterokontophyta. Results showed considerable diversity in α-tocopherol content, ranging from 8.0 to 773.8µgg-1 dry weight, with a maximum for the Heterochlamydomonas strain at the late stationary phase. Significant intra‑species variability was observed, underscoring the importance of strain selection for biotechnological applications. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns, distinguishing strains with high α-tocopherol content and antioxidant enzyme activity from those with lower levels. This underscored the intricate interplay between phylogeny, growth conditions, and antioxidant defences in microalgae. The obtained results provided opportunities for screening microalgae to obtain biomass with a high content of natural α-tocopherol, and opened new avenues for their utilisation in food supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Mechanical and protective properties of cement mortar modified with nanomagnetite under high temperature conditions

Intellectual Property Protection and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China

This study conducts a literature review on the realization of substantive justice for women's inheritance rights by analyzing the approach of public interest (maslahah mursalah) in Islamic law and the mechanism of family deliberation in both Islamic and Civil law systems. The research employs a qualitative method with content analysis of primary legal texts and secondary academic literature. The findings reveal that the public interest approach within the framework of maqasid al-shariah provides a robust methodological foundation for interpreting inheritance provisions beyond rigid textual formulas. This approach enables the adaptation of inheritance distribution to contemporary socio-economic realities, ensuring that the higher objectives of law protection of life, property, and lineage are genuinely fulfilled. Concurrently, family deliberation emerges as a strategic institution bridging formal legal rules and the substantive justice demands of heirs. Effective deliberation, characterized by equal participation of all family members including women, information transparency, and mutual respect, produces agreements that are perceived as fair by all parties. The dialectic between Islamic and Civil law within family deliberation practices reveals significant convergence: both systems recognize immutable basic provisions while simultaneously opening space for creative agreements through consensus. This synergy between the public interest approach and family deliberation offers a comprehensive pathway toward substantive justice in inheritance distribution, positioning women as active subjects whose needs and contributions are duly acknowledged. The study contributes theoretically to legal discourse on substantive justice and offers practical recommendations for judges, mediators, religious leaders, and policymakers to facilitate more equitable inheritance practices.

The article examines the legal protection of virtual property, particularly in the context of in-game items in video games, from the perspectives of both civil and criminal law. Using dogmatic, case-based and comparative legal methods, the authors assess the effectiveness of existing legislation in protecting intangible assets. Although Polish law does not recognize virtual items as “items,” they can be protected as “property.” The authors highlight legal gaps and advocate for new regulations target the unauthorized manipulation of virtual assets.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by the chronic hyperplasia of the synovium, the progressive erosion of cartilage and osteoclastic bone resorption. Iguratimod (IGU) is a strong disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agent; However, multiple methods of conventional delivery (delivery) can interfere with the full capacity of the agent. The current study was thus aimed at developing an ideal IGU nano-formulation as well as testing its anti-arthritic effects as a single-agent or in combination with the nutraceutical curcumin with the hope of attaining sustained release behavior and complementary immunomodulatory effects. Methods: Nanoparticles loaded with IGU were produced and characterized systematically in relation to the size of the particle, colloidal stability and entrapment efficiency, as well as invitro release behavior. The kinetics of the release were then questioned by fitting the experimental data with the existing mathematical models. The anti-arthritic effect was examined in a rat experimental model of collageninduced arthritis, and clinical terminal parameters such as paw edema and arthritis scoring, quantification of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1) in the circulation and extensive histopathological analysis of joint tissues were evaluated. Results. Nano-IGU had a long pharmacokinetic release profile up to 72 hours controlled by diffusion-controlled kinetics. In vivo experiments found that Nano-IGU significantly reduced paw edema, reduced arthritic indices and inflammatory cytokine levels as compared to free IGU. It was the combination therapy cohort that showed the most favorable outcome of therapy, intense inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and severe cartilage and osseous architecture conservation. Conclusion: Nanoencapsulation of IGU enhances the anti-inflammatory and joint protective properties of the compound, and when combined with a nutraceutical, it provides an additive level of therapy. This plan provides a through moving strategy of enhancing the handling of rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Etoposide is a popular chemotherapeutic agent that causes a massive oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity effect in male patients. Objective: Examined the protective properties of cinnamon alcoholic extract (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) to etoposide-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Methodology: Forty adult male rats were randomly separated into four groups namely control, cinnamon extract, etoposide extract, and etoposide extract combined with cinnamon extract. The parameters of the hormones studied were testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular tissue histology, and molecular evidence of oxidative stress. Results: Findings revealed that cinnamon extract had an important ameliorative effect against etoposide induced hormonal imbalances, maintained testicular histoarchitecture, mitigated oxidative stress indicators as well as augmented antioxidant enzyme functions. Such findings imply cinnamon alcoholic extract has strong antioxidant and protective effect on chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity, and can be used as a potential therapy to preserve male fertility during cancer therapy. Conclusion: The alcoholic extract of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) offers great protection against the etoposide induced testicular damage in the male Wistar rats through intensive antioxidant action. These results propose cinnamon extract as a promising, safe adjuvant treatment in preserving male fertility in cases of chemotherapy.

Identification of bioactive components in Wuji Wan and their protective effects against gastric ulcer via regulating PIK3CA-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.

Abstract In the discipline of radiation shielding, doped glasses represent a particularly noteworthy category of candidate materials. Here the objective is to investigate the shielding characteristics of cerium-doped (Ce3+-doped) glasses with respect to charged particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. The glasses are composed of 100-x(SiO₂–B₂O₃–GdF₃)-xGd₂O₃–1CeF₃, where x is a variable ranging from 0 to 30 by labeled as G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 for x = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 mol%, respectively. In this connection, the radiation protection properties are evaluated using PHITS Monte Carlo code and the Phy-X/PSD, ESTAR, SRIM and PAGEX codes over a large energy scale. The findings are compared in a comprehensive and comparative manner. It is observed that the shielding efficiencies for charged particles (proton, alpha and electron), gamma rays and neutrons are proportional to the cerium content. The glasses with a higher amount of gadolinium (Gd) present superior protective capabilities. It is asserted that the examined glasses could be employed as shielding materials in a multitude of applications related to radiation. Also, the glass density, the atomic distances between Gd-Gd and Gd-Ce and the analysis of bonding formation process of Ce3+-doped gadolinium borosilicate glass are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations based on extended density functional tight-binding method. The simulation findings and molecular orbital interactions are in good agreement with experimental results and the interaction of Gd-Gd and Gd-Ce bond within very short time even at the highest concentration of Gd2O3 (G5) offer to understand the glass scintillators (GS) and shielding properties for radiation applications.

Discovery of novel tert-butylhydroquinone derivatives as potential anti-endothelial injury agents: Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation.

To investigate the fatigue performance of a novel green low-carbon steel–AAUHPC (Alkali Activated Ultra-high Performance Concrete, AAUHPC) composite bridge deck and achieve its structural optimization, this paper proposes a steel–AAUHPC composite bridge deck structure featuring double-sided welding of U-shaped ribs. Firstly, the numerical model of a symmetrical composite bridge deck is established by ABAQUS finite element software. The stress response of key fatigue structural details is analyzed, and the fatigue life is evaluated based on the S-N curve method. At the same time, the calculation results are compared with the orthotropic steel bridge deck and the steel–UHPC composite bridge deck. Secondly, the CCD method and RSM method are used to construct a mathematical regression model with the structural weight W per unit area and the fatigue stress amplitude of key details as the target. Finally, NSGA-III is used to optimize structural parameters such as AAUHPC thickness, top plate thickness, diaphragm thickness and spacing to obtain the Pareto-optimal solution set. The results show that the AAUHPC material has both environmental protection and excellent mechanical properties, and its compressive and splitting tensile strength is significantly higher than that of ordinary concrete, which is close to the UHPC level. The steel–AAUHPC composite bridge deck can significantly improve the fatigue performance of the orthotropic steel bridge deck. After laying the AAUHPC layer, the stress amplitude of each fatigue detail decreases, and the C1 detail decreases by up to 69.4%. Except for the C6 detail, the rest of the structural details meet the infinite-life design criteria, and the overall improvement effect is comparable to that of the steel–UHPC composite bridge deck. The constructed response surface model has good prediction accuracy. The optimization results show that the fatigue stress amplitude and the structural weight W are mutually restricted. Among the 15 sets of Pareto-optimal solutions obtained, solution U8 achieves weight minimization under the premise of satisfying the infinite-fatigue-life criterion. The optimal parameter combination is: AAUHPC thickness of 40 mm, top plate thickness of 10 mm, diaphragm thickness of 16 mm, and diaphragm spacing of 2400 mm. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the fatigue design and engineering application of a new green steel–AAUHPC composite bridge deck.

Background: Forskolin and isoforskolin are the two main bioactive diterpenoids found in the popular Ayurvedic herb Coleus forskohlii. Numerous pharmacological characteristics of forskolin have been studied in vitro and in vivo in a variety of illness models. But there isn't a comprehensive synthesis of its mechanisms of action and medicinal uses. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the current literature on the pharmacological activity and therapeutic potential of forskolin and isoforskolin, with a focus on in vitro and animal research published in English. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Scopus databases for relevant papers published before July 2025. PRISMA recommendations were followed. In vitro or in vivo animal models utilizing forskolin or isoforskolin were considered. Pharmacological effects, research model, dose, and outcomes were all analyzed. Results: A total of 78 studies were considered. Forskolin has been shown to have considerable pharmacological effects in metabolic disorders (anti-obesity, antidiabetic), cardiovascular illnesses (vasodilatory and hypotensive effects), antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, antibacterial, neuroprotective, anticancer, and dermatological effects. Isoforskolin, however little studied, has shown powerful anti-inflammatory and lung protective properties. Models based on mice and cells provide the majority of the evidence. Conclusion: Future translational importance is suggested by forskolin's varied pharmacological potential across a range of therapeutic applications. There aren't many clinical studies, though. Isoforskolin, in particular, requires additional research to determine its therapeutic role. This evaluation identifies existing evidence and research gaps for further exploration.

The study presents the synthesis through characterization of three mixed ligand complexes, [Cu(L)(Phen)]NO3, [Zn(L)(phen)Cl2] and [Cu(L)(NCS)2], where L is a Schiff base formulated from 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1,3- diaminopropan-2-ol. The complexes were characterized by Infrared (IR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. The compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity, showing notable inhibition against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. Anti-corrosion studies demonstrated that [Cu(L)(NCS)2] exhibits good corrosion inhibition efficiency than [Cu(L)(Phen)]NO3 and [Zn(L)(phen)Cl2] due to effective surface adsorption and protective film formation. The integration of spectroscopic, electronic, biological, and corrosion investigations highlights the multifunctional nature of these complexes and provides insight into the design of metal based agents with enhanced antimicrobial and corrosion protective properties.

Introduction Achieving carbon mitigation and pollution control without sacrificing economic growth is a key challenge for green transformation. While prior studies have examined the environmental or economic effects of renewable energy technology (RET) innovation separately, less is known about whether RET innovation can simultaneously deliver both benefits and through what conditions and spatial channels. Methods Using provincial panel data from China, this study examines the impact of RET innovation on green total factor productivity (GTFP), measured with CO 2 and SO 2 as undesirable outputs. Results The results show that RET innovation significantly improves GTFP, indicating a “dual dividend” of pollution reduction and economic growth. This effect is mainly driven by technical efficiency improvement and, in some cases, technological progress, with solar energy technologies playing a particularly important role. The effect is also conditioned by human capital, government subsidies, technology flows, and intellectual property protection. In addition, RET innovation shows spatial spillover effects: it improves local GTFP but may inhibit neighboring regions through a siphoning mechanism. Discussion These findings provide evidence for designing differentiated policies to support RET innovation and promote coordinated green development.

Traditional and alternative medicine (TAM) remains a cornerstone of health care in Tanzania, particularly in rural and underserved communities. Despite its cultural significance and widespread use, TAM occupies a largely underregulated space within the national health system. This review critically examines the historical evolution, policy frameworks, and institutional roles shaping TAM's integration in Tanzania. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and Joanna Briggs Institute protocols. Searches were undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and supplemented by gray literature from government and international organizations. Studies published between January 2010 and May 2025 were included, alongside selected pre-2010 sources providing essential historical or legislative context. Data were extracted and synthesized thematically to evaluate policy development, regulatory mechanisms, and institutional mandates. The PRISMA flow diagram summarizes the screening process, with 34 studies forming the core evidence base for thematic analysis. Analysis of the 34 included studies indicates progress through instruments such as the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (2002), the Traditional Medicine Policy (2009), and the Medicines and Medical Devices Act (2019). Key institutions including the Ministry of Health, the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, and the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology have advanced regulation, accreditation, and research. However, persistent challenges remain, notably fragmented institutional coordination, limited professional recognition, and inadequate protection of intellectual property. Comparative insights from the World Health Organization and the African Union frameworks highlight opportunities for policy alignment, innovation, and regional collaboration. TAM continues to play a critical role in Tanzania's health care landscape by providing culturally congruent and accessible services. Strengthening regulation, enhancing institutional coordination, embedding monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and safeguarding indigenous knowledge are essential for sustainable integration. Balancing cultural heritage with scientific validation will support health care equity and consolidate TAM's position within national health policy frameworks.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of China’s Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) on corporate green innovation using panel data from 2014 to 2023 and a difference-in-differences (DID) model. Results show the ETR significantly promotes green innovation, with firms in affected regions exhibiting an estimated 2.6% higher level of green innovation than those in unaffected regions. Firms that are non-state-owned, in Eastern China, and with a higher proportion of female executives respond strongly to China’s ETR. Moreover, the policy effect is more pronounced in highly competitive industries and in regions with greater marketisation, stronger intellectual property protection, and lower official promotion pressure. Mechanism analysis indicates that media attention and executive green perceptions drive this effect. Furthermore, firms under ETR tend to prioritise green innovation by crowding out other types of technological innovation, highlighting that while environmental taxation encourages corporate green innovation, it may constrain broader technological progress.

The aim of this study was to perform a technological prospecting about the current scenario regarding patent applications involving the Cariology area in five South American countries. This review offers general and oriented insights about patents in the Cariology area, considering active reports from 2000 through 2025. We conducted a technological prospecting on intellectual property banks of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay using the keywords 'caries', 'dental caries', 'dentistry', 'dental', 'oral' and 'buccal'. From a total of 1740 patents, companies and industries had 63.56% applications, 50.4% were claimed for compositions and 37.01% for personal products. Brazil was the most expressive with 88.39% followed by Argentina with 8.16% patent deposits. The United States was the main country of origin of patents with 41.72%. Most of the patents are A61K code (61.09%) for medical, dental or hygienic purposes. This study demonstrates the interest in patenting compositions and products for personal use, mainly by Brazilian and American industries/companies. Based on the largest number of deposits founded, The United States demonstrates its strong influence on the international market. However, according to the patent application scenario observed, there is a need for innovation on new materials of prevention and treatment, also in detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as the protection of intellectual property developed and focused on the area of Cariology.