Prostatic Fluid Of Patients Research Articles

Altered small non-coding RNA expression profiles of extracellular vesicles in the prostatic fluid of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) and chronic prostatitis (CP) is difficult to distinguish from each other, herein termed CP/CPPS. The present study aimed at gaining further insight into the change in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the prostatic fluid of males with CPPS. From December 2019 to November 2020, after clinical screening, 24 patients with CPPS without obvious urinary symptoms and 13 healthy male participants were included. EVs were isolated from expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of all subjects. The small non-coding ribonucleic acid (sncRNA) expression of EVs was sequenced, analyzed, and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. The results showed that numerous sncRNAs were differentially expressed between the patients and healthy participants. Further qPCR assays validated that several chronic pain-related miRNAs, including miR-204-5p, let-7d-3p, let-7b-3p, let-7c-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-320a-5p, were differentially expressed. Series sncRNAs including several chronic pain-related miRNAs were altered in EVs in prostatic fluid of patients with CPPS, which may serve as diagnostic markers for CPPS.

Effect of Qianlie Jiedu Huoxue Decoction on cytokines in prostatic fluid of patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis

Effect of Qianlie Jiedu Huoxue Decoction on cytokines in prostatic fluid of patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis

Zinc concentrations in the expressed prostatic fluid of patients with bladder cancer

Introduction: In our previous studies it was concluded that the zinc (Zn) level in in human expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) is a first candidate with the role of offering a new, simple, fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. However it was unclear how other non-prostatic diseases inherent of the old persons, including heart diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, asymptomatic cancer of different localization and some others, impact on a chemical element composition of expressed prostatic fluid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of Zn in EPF exist in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Zn were prospectively evaluated in 17 patients with BC and 51 healthy male inhabitants (control group). Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis developed by us. Results: Mean value  standard deviation of mean (MSD) for concentration of Zn in the EPF of healthy males and patients with BC was 573202 mg/L and 625±108 mg/L, respectively. Using both parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test it was shown that the Zn concentration in the EPF of patients with BC did not differ from that in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Such serious illness as BC did not impact on the Zn concentration in the EPF.

ARNT-dependent CCR8 reprogrammed LDH isoform expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes of prostate cancer.

Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme (LDH) is a tetramer constituted of two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB, the expression of which is associated with cell metabolism and cancer progression. Our previous study reveals that CC-chemokine ligand-18 (CCL18) is involved in progression of prostate cancer (PCa).This study aims to investigate how CCL18 regulates LDH isoform expression, and therefore, contributes to PCa progression. The data revealed that the expression of LDHA was upregulated and LDHB was downregulated in PCa cells by CCL18 at both messenger RNA and protein levels. The depletion of CCR8 reduced the ability of CCL18 to promote the proliferation, migration, and lactate production of PCa cells. Depletion of a CCR8 regulated transcription factor, ARNT, significantly reduced the expression of LDHA. In addition, The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analyses revealed a positive correlation between CCR8 and ARNT expression. Two dimension difference gel electrophoresis revealed that the LDHA/LDHB ratio was increased in the prostatic fluid of patients with PCa and PCa tissues. Furthermore, increased LDHA/LDHB ratio was associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Together, our results indicate that the CCR8 pathway programs LDH isoform expression in an ARNT dependent manner and that the ratio of LDHA/LDHB has the potential to serve as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis.

AB001. Prostate-pelvic syndrome: new theory and new practice

Chronic prostatitis is a common prostate disease in men, with a lifetime prevalence of about 1.8–8.2%. The traditional view is that chronic prostatitis is caused by pathogens or infectious factors, and patients have symptoms such as painful discomfort in the prostate, abnormal urination, and even sexual dysfunction. Prostatitis is usually divided into four types according to the classification method of the National Institutes of Health. The most common type is type III, which is chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. According to the number of white blood cells in the prostatic fluid to divide it into two groups, type IIIA and IIIB. In recent years, studies have found that bacteria, inflammation, neuropsychological factors, abnormal organ function, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction are all related to the occurrence of chronic prostatitis. Our study also found that the incidence of prostatitis-like symptoms in China was 8.4%. And there was no difference in the types and numbers of pathogenic microorganisms in the prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients compared with health people. At the same time, in clinical work, we found that white blood cells in the prostatic fluid of patients is not consistent with the severity of clinical symptoms, we believe that relying solely on white blood cells to diagnose this symptom and judge the treatment effect is insufficient. Hence, we put forward the concept of “prostate-pelvic syndrome”, emphasizing prostate-pelvic cavity as the core, eliminating the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and other diseases, pain and/or urination. Prostate-pelvic syndrome is group of abnormal symptoms, dividing into main symptoms and minor symptoms, the main symptoms include: (I) pain symptoms (including perineum, lower abdomen, testes, penis, lumbosacral, dysuria, pain after sex, etc.); (II) urinary symptoms (including frequent urination, incontinence, etc.). The minor symptoms include: (I) mental and psychological symptoms (including anxiety, depression, insomnia, memory loss, etc.); (II) sexual dysfunction (including loss of libido, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, etc.); (III) reproductive dysfunction (including semen nonliquefaction, less semen, weaker semen, etc.); (IV) other symptoms (such as dripping white, etc.). “Prostate-pelvic syndrome” is currently diagnosed as long as the patient meet any of the one main symptoms with/without several minor symptoms, without remission self-adjusted. Of course, how to judge the severity of the disease and verify the validity and practicability of this standard is currently being further explored through multicenter study.

Measurement of neutrophil elastase, citric acid and pH in prostatic fluid of type III prostatitis

Objective To measure the levels of neutrophil elastase (NE), citric acid and pH in prostatic fluid of patients with prostatitis type Ⅲ. Methods Fifty two patients with prostatitis type ⅢA, 98 patients with prostatitis type ⅢB and 105 health subjects were enrolled in the study. The levels of NE, citric acid and pH in prostatic fluid were measured; the expressed prostatic secretion(EPS)routine and bacterial culture were examined, and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) was evaluated. The data were analyzed by independent samples t-test. Results WBC count, NE and citric acid concentrations, pH in Ⅲ A group were (17.9±5.4)/HP, (898±704)μg/L and (14.5±1.7) ng/L, 7.60±0.43, respectively; those in ⅢB group were (3.9±2.2)/HP, (93±76)μg/L and (21.9±3.8) ng/L, 6.71±0.25, respectively; those in control group were (3.6±2.2)/HP, (86±57)μg/L and (22.5±3.9)ng/L, 6.48±0.51, respectively. There were significant differences in NE and citrate concentrations, pH value in EPS between Ⅲ A and Ⅲ B patients (t=8.22, 16.64 and 13.88, all P 0.05). There were significant differences in WBC count, NE and citric acid concentrations, pH in EPS, NIH-CPSI score between Ⅲ A and control groups (t=18.92, 8.47, 26.53, 18.37 and 32.47, all P 0.05), but there was significant difference in NIH-CPSI score between two groups (t=49.46, P<0.05). In EPS, NE concentration and WBC count were positively correlated with NIH-CPSI (r=0.819 and 0.698, respectively, all P<0.01), and citric acid was negatively correlated (r=-0.625, P<0.01); citrate was negatively correlated with WBC count, CPSI and pH value (r=-0.728, -0.644 and -0.817, all P<0.01). Conclusions The results indicate that the measurements of NE, citric acid and pH in EPS are of significant clinical value in patients with prostatitis type Ⅲ A and Ⅲ B. Key words: Prostatitis; Leukocyte elastase; Citric acid; pH value

The Impact of Neuropathic Pain in the Chronic Pelvic Pain Population

Patients with chronic pelvic pain disorders often present with neuropathic features. We examined a cohort of patients with a primary complaint of chronic pelvic pain for the presence of neuropathic pain symptoms. Patients with chronic pelvic pain disorders from 2 tertiary referral centers were prospectively evaluated. The validated S-LANSS (Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs) survey was used to examine pain symptoms of neuropathic origin. Patients completed SF-12v2™ to assess mental/physical health domains. The 2-tailed t test and chi-square analysis were used to compare physical and mental component summaries in patients with vs without neuropathic symptoms. A total of 142 patients mean age of 45 years were included in analysis. Of the patients 72.5% with chronic pelvic pain carried more than 1 primary diagnosis. The S-LANSS survey identified symptoms suggestive of neuropathic pain in 44 patients (31%). A greater proportion of patients with a neuropathic component had altered sensation in the affected area (86.4% vs 24.5%). Patients with neuropathic pain scored 4.28 and 5.45 points lower on the physical and mental component summaries (p = 0.053 and 0.008, respectively). A large proportion of patients with chronic pelvic pain present with neuropathic features and report decreased quality of life compared with the general population. Those with neuropathic symptoms have significantly lower quality of life than those without such symptoms. Clinicians can identify patients to use targeted therapies and use a multidisciplinary approach to care.

Nerve growth factor level in the prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is correlated with symptom severity and response to treatment

• To explore whether levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) are correlated with symptom severity in chronic prostatitis (CP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). • All patients with CP/CPPS underwent a complete history and physical examination, and were scored according to the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). • Expressed prostatic secretion samples from 20 patients with CP/CPPS and from four asymptomatic control patients were collected and frozen, and NGF levels in EPS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. • Patients were asked to complete NIH-CPSI questionnaires at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment and patients with at least a 25% decrease in total NIH-CPSI score from the baseline values were classified as responders to treatment. • The mean (± sd) NGF levels in EPS of patients with CP/CPPS and asymptomatic control patients were 7409 (± 3788) pg/mL and 4174 (± 1349) pg/mL, respectively. The NGF level in patients with CP/CPPS correlated directly with pain severity (P= 0.014, r= 0.541). • There were no significant differences between NGF levels in EPS before and after treatment. However, successful treatment significantly decreased NGF levels in responders (P= 0.001). • Nerve growth factor might contribute to the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS as changes in NGF level in EPS occurred in proportion to pain severity. Therefore, these results suggest that NGF could be used as a new biomarker to evaluate the symptoms of CP/CPPS and the effects of treatment.

91: Nerve Growth Factor Levels in Prostatic Fluid of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Association with Diagnosis and Treatment Response

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 4, Saturday, May 19, 2007 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 200791: Nerve Growth Factor Levels in Prostatic Fluid of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Association with Diagnosis and Treatment Response Toyohiko Watanabe, Shinya Uehara, Daishi Araki, Koichiro Wada, Miyabi Inoue, Ayano Ishii, Reiko Kariyama, Koichi Monden, and Hiromi Kumon Toyohiko WatanabeToyohiko Watanabe More articles by this author , Shinya UeharaShinya Uehara More articles by this author , Daishi ArakiDaishi Araki More articles by this author , Koichiro WadaKoichiro Wada More articles by this author , Miyabi InoueMiyabi Inoue More articles by this author , Ayano IshiiAyano Ishii More articles by this author , Reiko KariyamaReiko Kariyama More articles by this author , Koichi MondenKoichi Monden More articles by this author , and Hiromi KumonHiromi Kumon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30356-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "91: Nerve Growth Factor Levels in Prostatic Fluid of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Association with Diagnosis and Treatment Response." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 32 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 32 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Toyohiko Watanabe More articles by this author Shinya Uehara More articles by this author Daishi Araki More articles by this author Koichiro Wada More articles by this author Miyabi Inoue More articles by this author Ayano Ishii More articles by this author Reiko Kariyama More articles by this author Koichi Monden More articles by this author Hiromi Kumon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Prostatic fluid-free insulin-like growth factor-1 in relation to prostate cancer.

To establish the feasibility of measuring free insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in prostatic fluid and to determine if there is a difference in free IGF-1 levels in the prostatic fluid of patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma and in normal men. Prostatic fluid samples were collected from men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and from control subjects with no malignancy. Prostatic fluid and serum free IGF-1 levels were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay, and the differences analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation. Prostatic fluid free IGF-1 concentrations did not differ significantly (P = 0.23) and there was no difference in serum free IGF-1 levels between the groups. While serum PSA level was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.001) the free IGF-1 level of prostatic fluid was not. There was also no correlation between prostatic fluid free IGF-1 and serum PSA levels. Free IGF-1 can be detected in prostatic fluid with acceptable sensitivity. However, the free IGF-1 level in prostatic fluid does not help to detect patients with prostate cancer and is not a tumour marker.

CORRELATION OF β-ENDORPHIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN E2 LEVELS IN PROSTATIC FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS WITH DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT RESPONSE

The chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a clinically defined symptom complex of unclear etiology. We have noted increased oxidative stress in the prostatic fluid of these patients, implying an active inflammatory response. Immune cells can produce the natural opioid beta-endorphin at the site of injury, which may modulate pain. We measured beta-endorphin and the inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 in the expressed prostatic secretions of men with prostatitis, and correlated the results with symptoms. Expressed prostatic secretions samples from 70 patients and 8 asymptomatic controls were collected and frozen. beta-Endorphin and prostaglandin E2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were stratified according to prostatitis category and compared in individuals before and after therapy. In symptomatic patients beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 were not significantly different in categories II, IIIa and IIIb expressed prostatic secretions but they were higher than in controls. The mean beta-endorphin level plus or minus standard error of mean in symptomatic patients was significantly higher (23.8 +/- 11 ng./ml. versus 8.7 +/- 4.7, p = 0.0001) and mean prostaglandin E2 was lower (6.01 +/- 2.9 ng./ml. versus 3.01 +/- 2.9, p = 0.001) after successful therapy with antibiotics or antioxidant phytotherapy, Prosta-Q (Farr Laboratories, Santa Clarita, California). We observed a correlation of higher prostaglandin E2 and lower beta-endorphin in symptomatic men with chronic prostatitis. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation may induce prostaglandin E2 production that would inhibit beta-endorphin release. Treatment with therapeutic agents that decrease oxidative stress, such as antibiotics and antioxidant phytotherapy, may function at least partially by increasing beta-endorphin and decreasing prostaglandin E2.

Oxidative stress in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: correlation with gram positive bacterial growth and treatment response.

The etiology of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)/chronic prostatitis category III remains unknown. Whereas a subset of men respond to antimicrobial therapy, gram positive bacteria isolated from expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) are often considered to be commensal rather than pathogenic. We wished to study oxidative stress as a marker of tissue injury and response in EPS of men with CPPS to determine whether infection with gram positive bacteria is associated with increased oxidative stress. A total of 300 EPS specimens from 100 men with CPPS were collected for microscopy, culture, and biochemical and molecular assays. Oxidant injury was measured by 8-isoprostane F2alpha (IsoP) levels and total antioxidant capacity as Trolox equivalents. Total RNA from EPS was used for gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and granzyme B. The only bacteria found in EPS were gram positive. For our analysis, these men were classified as having chronic bacterial prostatitis (category II). IsoP levels (pg/mL) were highest in men with category II prostatitis (7315 +/- 1428) followed by nonbacterial prostatitis (category IIIa, 2043 +/- 561), prostatodynia (category IIIb, 319 +/- 81), and asymptomatic controls (298 +/- 99). IsoP levels decreased significantly after successful treatment with antibiotics or an antioxidant supplement (Prosta-Q). Antioxidant capacity was detected in 11 out of 18, 4 out of 16, and 1 out of 16 men tested with category II, IIIa, and IIIb prostatitis, respectively. No correlation was observed between IsoP levels and the number of white blood cells in EPS. HO-1 and granzyme B expression was highest in men with category II prostatitis than in men with either category III prostatitis or asymptomatic controls. On the basis of elevated oxidative stress, clinical response to antibiotics, and post-treatment reduction in oxidative stress, we conclude that gram positive bacteria in some men with CPPS may be pathogens. It is speculated that oxidative stress may be a key pathway in some men with CPPS that can be targeted with antioxidant therapy.

Uridine, Xanthine and Urate Concentrations in Prostatic Fluid and Seminal Plasma of Patients with Prostatitis

The etiology of prostatitis is not fully understood and several causative factors have been considered in the past. In this study we analyzed the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and seminal plasma with regard to uridine, xanthine, urate, creatinine and zinc from patients with prostatitis (the diagnosis was based on symptoms for at least 1 year), together with creatinine, urate and zinc in the serum. In 8 of the patients, a direct comparison of these constituents was performed between EPS and seminal plasma. EPS contained low concentrations of uridine and xanthine and high concentrations of creatinine and zinc as opposed to seminal plasma that displayed a reverse pattern. The mean urate concentration in seminal plasma, exceeding that of EPS by 78%, was rather close to the mean value found in serum but no significant correlation was seen between urate in serum and urate in seminal plasma or EPS. Urate in EPS correlated significantly to xanthine in EPS and such a relationship was also observed between urate and creatinine in EPS. In seminal plasma, urate and xanthine were likewise correlated with each other. On division of the patients into a high-score symptom group and a low-score group, no intergroup differences were found in EPS and seminal plasma constituents. Hence, we found high concentrations especially of uridine and xanthine in seminal plasma, compared with other body fluids, and evidence of a backflow of urine mixing with the prostatic fluid of these patients was seen. We suggest that crystal formation of these metabolites may occur under certain conditions and could constitute a first step in the development of prostatitis-vesiculitis-epididymitis in some cases.

Urogastrone–epidermal growth factor concentrations in prostatic fluid of normal individuals and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy

High concentrations (272 +/- 33 ng/ml) of urogastrone-epidermal growth factor were measured in prostatic fluid from normal males by a specific radioimmunoassay. Significantly lower concentrations (155 +/- 24 ng/ml) were observed in the prostatic fluid of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy than in the age-matched normal controls (2P less than 0.01). The growth factor content of seminal fluid was accounted for by the contribution of prostatic fluid. Immunochemical studies failed to show evidence of synthesis within the gland nor could high affinity receptors for the protein be demonstrated in membrane preparations of the gland.

Prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; bei Prostatitis und Prostataadenom

The measurement of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the serum and prostatic fluid of healthy men, patients with prostatic hyperplasia and of patients with prostatitis was attempted and correlated to the state of disease, respectively. PGE2-concentrations with prostatic fluid of healthy men were found to be significantly lower than in patients with prostatitis. Corresponding to the course of treatment concentrations normalized, being favorably influenced by sitosterin as an adjuvant medication. Compared to healthy men, PGF2 concentrations in the prostatic fluid of patients with hyperplasia of the prostate incline to lower levels.

The Diagnostic Value of the Immunologic Response in Bacterial and Nonbacterial Prostatitis

Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay that permits quantitation of specific antibodies to infecting bacteria in the prostatic fluid of patients with bacterial prostatitis we measured the immunologic response to common gram-negative urinary pathogens in 6 patients with bacterial prostatitis, 4 with nonbacterial prostatitis and 10 normal volunteer controls. The results show that true bacterial prostatitis is clearly distinguishable immunologically from nonbacterial inflammation of the prostate. Normal volunteer controls, like patients with nonbacterial inflammation of the prostate, have no antigen-specific antibodies to gram-negative urinary pathogens in the prostatic secretion. In clinical situations when bacteriologic localization data are confusing, immunologic analysis provides a specific tool for definitive diagnosis.Data from bacterial absorption studies show that antigen-specific antibodies determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay can be measured in milligrams per deciliter rather than units of dilutional titers. This approximation of antigen-specific antibodies in milligram quantities permits a more quantitative approach to understanding surface mucosal immunity in terms of the class-specific immunologic response.

Distribution of the immunoglobulins G, A and M in the prostatic fluid of patients with prostatitis

1. 1. The immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined in the prostatic fluid obtained from healthy normal men and from a group suffering from prostatitis. 2. 2. There were marked elevations in all three immunoglobulins in the pathological cases compared to the reference population. When the cases were divided into resolved and unresolved prostatitis it was seen that the symptomfree group still had elevated IgA and IgM. 3. 3. Patients with bacterial prostatitis tend to have higher immunoglobulin levels during the active stage of the disease and to revert to normal levels when symptom-free, while those in the non-bacterial group exhibit smaller, but highly significant, responses in immunoglobulins, but do not return to normal values. 4. 4. It is suggested that the findings support the view that prostatitis is a definite clinical entity and provide evidence suggestive of an autoimmune process in some cases of prostatitis.

Presence of Spirochetes in the Urine and Prostatic Fluid of Patients with Relapsing Fever

SummaryThe urine of 27 (65.9%) of 41 patients with relapsing fever contained spirochaetes morphologically indistinguishable from Spirochaeta recurrentis. In most instances the organisms were motionless or dead. One of the 3 squirrels inoculated with urinary sediment developed relapsing fever, showing that viable and virulent Spirochaetae recurrentis were present in the urine. Viable and virulent Spirochaetae recurrentis were also recovered from the prostatic fluid of one patient.