The purpose of this study was to survey sport medicine physicians globally to evaluate how they treat patients with a first-time shoulder dislocation (FTSD), specifically exploring the most common management strategies, the evidence or guidelines guiding these decisions, and the influence of demographic factors on these strategies and perceptions. A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed globally from 14 October 2024 through 22 March 2025 to sport medicine physicians involved in the management of shoulder instability. The questionnaire assessed respondents' demographics, preferred management strategies for FTSDs, and perceptions regarding the evidence supporting various treatment approaches. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between demographic variables and management practices and perceptions. A total of 326 respondents completed the survey, predominantly fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons from North America and Europe. The most common management strategy was immobilization for 1-3 weeks, followed by physical therapy incorporating strengthening and proprioception exercises. Imaging practices varied geographically, with North American respondents preferring radiographic assessment and Europeans favouring magnetic resonance imaging at initial presentation. Surgical management or consideration for surgical intervention was most influenced by the presence of bony injury (81%), patient age (69%) and participation in contact sports (63%). Younger physicians favoured arthroscopic stabilization, while older respondents leaned towards open approaches. While variability in the management of FTSDs persists, the results of this study demonstrate emerging trends towards consensus on critical factors for consideration in the management of such patients. However, despite the prevalence of guideline-based management, a substantial proportion of respondents, particularly those over 55 years old, continue to base their practices on personal experience and training rather than standardized protocols. The development and dissemination of evidence-based guidelines remain essential to standardize clinical practices and optimize patient outcomes. Level IV.

Hip fractures represent a significant healthcare challenge globally, particularly affecting older adults aged 65 years and above. This comprehensive review examines evidence-based physiotherapy interventions for hip fracture rehabilitation across acute, subacute, and chronic phases of recovery. The article synthesizes current research findings and established clinical guidelines, with particular emphasis on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations and their application in resource-limited settings such as Nepal. Key physiotherapy interventions include early mobilization within 24-48 hours post-surgery, progressive resistance training, balance and proprioceptive exercises, gait training, and fall prevention strategies. The multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimal outcomes, with physiotherapists playing a central leadership role in mobility restoration and patient education. Special considerations are addressed for geriatric patients, including cognitive impairment and delirium management, as well as the impact of comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The article also explores the unique challenges faced in Nepal’s healthcare system, including urban-rural disparities, cultural factors, and resource limitations, while identifying opportunities for community-based rehabilitation and innovative approaches such as telerehabilitation. Emerging technologies including digital tools and robotic-assisted physiotherapy offer promising avenues for enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive framework for healthcare professionals to deliver optimal, evidence-based physiotherapy services for hip fracture patients while considering contextual adaptations for diverse clinical settings.

Effects of a Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation-Based Exercise Program on a Hemiplegic Patient with a Rotator Cuff Tear: A Case Report

Postural disorders in children and adolescents are an emerging public health concern linked to sedentary lifestyles, prolonged use of technology, and insufficient physical activity. These conditions, often manifesting as kyphosis, lordosis, or scoliosis, can lead to long-term musculoskeletal dysfunction if not identified and corrected early. Methods: This comparative narrative review analyzed 40 scientific studies published between 2009 and 2025, focusing on posture, spinal sagittal alignment, proprioception, and balance in children and adolescents. The included studies assessed the efficacy of corrective interventions such as exercise programs, postural education, and electrical stimulation. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords related to spinal deformities, postural deficits, and rehabilitation strategies. Results: Postural control improves progressively with age, independent of the number of postural disorders, reflecting the adaptability of the neuromuscular system. However, sedentary behavior and body weight remain major determinants of postural disorders. Adolescents with thoracic deformities show altered proprioception, mobility, and balance. Evidence supports the effectiveness of functional and proprioceptive exercise programs, including core stabilization and postural education, in improving spinal curva-ture, body awareness, and self-esteem. Conclusions: Spinal postural disorders in youth result from the complex interaction of biomechanical, neuromuscular, and behavioral factors. Early intervention through integrated educational and physiotherapeutic interventions is essential to prevent progression and promote musculoskeletal health.

This study examined the effects of a 6-week proprioceptive training program on postural stability in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Fifty-seven participants were divided into an experimental group, which followed a proprioceptive exercise protocol, and a control group, which received no intervention. Postural stability was measured by monitoring the Center of Pressure (CoP) with both eyes open and closed. The experimental group showed a reduction in CoP, indicating improved stability, while the control group exhibited an increase. Although statistical significance was not reached, the results suggest that proprioceptive training may help prevent further loss of stability. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended.

Effects of a 12-WEEK proprioceptive and strength exercise program on the gait biomechanical parameters of older adults.

Effects of combined kinesiology taping and proprioceptive training on balance and proprioception in athletes with chronic ankle instability: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are among the leading causes of knee instability, affecting primarily athletes and physically active individuals. The ACL is responsible for controlling tibial translation and rotation, being essential for safe joint movement. Its rupture compromises joint function, sports performance, and overall quality of life. Objectives. This study aimed to analyze the main physiotherapeutic protocols applied to ACL injury treatment, highlighting the orthopedic physician’s role in guiding and supervising the rehabilitation process. The specific objectives included understanding the relationship between ACL biomechanics and rehabilitation, identifying factors influencing return to sport, and discussing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in functional recovery. Justification. The relevance of this study lies in the high incidence of ligament injuries, which represent a clinical and social challenge due to their functional, psychological, and occupational impacts. The integration between physical therapy and orthopedics is essential to ensure complete rehabilitation, safe return to activity, and recurrence prevention. Methodology. This research is a narrative literature review conducted through the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases, covering publications between 2014 and 2024. The descriptors “Anterior Cruciate Ligament,” “Sports Medicine,” “Orthopedics,” “Physiotherapy,” and “Quality of Life” were used, combined with Boolean operators AND and OR. The selected studies addressed physiotherapeutic protocols for ACL recovery and the orthopedic physician’s involvement in the rehabilitation process. Results and discussion. The findings showed that structured, progressive, and individualized protocols are key to restoring joint stability and functionality. Strength training, neuromuscular control, and proprioceptive exercises were associated with reduced recurrence and faster recovery. The orthopedic physician’s direct supervision proved essential for integrating multidisciplinary teams, ensuring safety, adherence, and therapeutic effectiveness. Conclusion. It is concluded that the combination of well-defined physiotherapeutic protocols and the orthopedic specialist’s guidance is crucial for successful ACL rehabilitation, ensuring efficient functional recovery and preventing recurrences, thereby reinforcing the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in modern orthopedic practice..

Detailed rehabilitation protocols after stem cell treatment are lacking. This case highlights the rehabilitation of a patient treated with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantation for a large osteochondritis dissecans lesion of the knee. A 17-year-old male adolescent wrestler experienced persistent left knee pain for 1year, unresponsive to 6months of conservative treatment. MRI revealed a large osteochondritis dissecans lesion (38 × 18mm) in the lateral femoral condyle, which was treated with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantation. Rehabilitation was conducted in 4 phases. The protection phase (1-8wk) emphasized weight-bearing restrictions, continuous passive motion, and early gait training. The gait recovery phase (9-12wk) incorporated stationary cycling and open kinetic chain exercises. During the maturation phase (13-24wk), maximal strength and proprioception exercises were introduced with antigravity treadmill running. The final recovery phase (24-52wk) focused on plyometric drills and sport-specific activities. Team training resumed at 32weeks, and return to full competitive training occurred at 52weeks. The limb symmetry index for isokinetic knee-extensor strength and single-leg hop test reached 95.2% and 97.9%, respectively, by 12months, indicating near-complete functional recovery. The modified MRI of cartilage repair tissue score improved from 40 to 60 points between 1 and 3years postsurgery. Second-look arthroscopy revealed an International Cartilage Repair Society grade 1 at 35months. International Knee Documentation Committee scores increased from 17.2 preoperatively to 98.9 at 2years, while visual analog scale scores decreased from 10 to 2 over 3years. Accelerated weight bearing, early gait training, and phased strength exercises facilitated substantial improvements in function and cartilage healing in an adolescent wrestler with a large osteochondritis dissecans lesion. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to confirm these findings.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has often been linked to the deficiency of proprioception and balance impairment, which results in a functional limitation and the risk of falls. Proprioceptive exercise can possibly have better neuromuscular effects than conventional Physical Therapy Objective: This research aimed to compare the effects of proprioceptive exercises and traditional Physical Therapy on the balance among patients with KOA. Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial involving 40 subjects who had KOA (KL grades 23). The participants were randomly distributed in Proprioceptive Exercise Group (PEG; n=20), and Control Group (CG; n=20). These two groups were subjected to pulsed ultrasound treatment and then was subjected to structured proprioceptive exercises (PEG) or conventional Physical Therapy (CG) in a period of 10 weeks. The Berg balance Scale (BBS) was used to measure balance at Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and Week 10. Repeated-measures ANOVA was carried out, as well as post-hoc tests. Results: Both groups had a similar baseline score, but the PEG showed significantly better improvements in balance at all follow up periods. Week 4 (PEG), Week 8 (PEG) and Week 10 (PEG) all showed a favorable mean difference (PEG). The significance of the overall between-group effect was high ( -0.56; 95% CI: -0.72 -0.40; p<0.001), and the interaction effect is large (F(1,38)=132.98; η²=0.823). The balance trend graph depicted sharper trend of improvement in PEG. Conclusion: Proprioceptive training resulted in much larger enhancement of balance in comparison to standard Physical Therapy, which is why they should be incorporated into the rehabilitation of KOA.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of multi modal training program on the limb symmetry index after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Fifty-five male athletes who underwent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and at a postoperative period of at least 12 weeks (range 105-134 days), voluntarily participated to the program. Study group (SG) and the control group (CG) were the athletes who finished the physical therapy protocol after the surgery, with a symmetrical full range of motion (ROM) (full knee extension, >120 degree flexion), without any pain or edema, and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) > 55. Isokinetic flexion and extension muscle strength, Single leg hop (SLH), Triple hop (STH), Single Leg cross-over hop (SCH) and 6 m Timed hop (6MT) Y-Balance, Pro-Agility, Vertical Jump Tests were performed before and after the training program to determine the limb symmetry index (LSI) between the injured (I) and the noninjured (NI) legs of the athletes. When the obtained data were evaluated, it was seen that there was an improvement in both groups however the SG athletes working with proprioceptive exercises had more LSI improvement than CG athletes and found statistically significant (p

The study investigated the effects of proprioceptive+core exercises on female swimmers' 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance and vertical jump performance. Sixteen females aged 20-26 with at least three year of swimming experience participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: Proprioceptive+Core Exercise Group (PCEG) (n=8 women) and the Control Group (CG) (n=8 women). The experimental group applied proprioceptive+core exercises in addition to their swimming training twice a week for 6 weeks, while the control group continued their routine swimming training twice a week. When the pretest and posttest results were examined, the 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance of the proprioceptive+core experimental group was measured as 23.33±2.51 in the pretest and 21.66±2.59 in the posttest. The vertical jump performance of the proprioceptive+core experimental group was 18.73±6.43 in the pretest and 23.48±7.30 in the posttest. When the pretest and posttest were compared, significant differences were found in the experimental group's 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance (p=0.004) and vertical jump performance (p=0.001). In the control group, the 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance was measured as 24.58±1.56 in the pretest and 24.25±1.34 in the posttest. The vertical jump performance of the control group was measured as 13.76±1.66 in the pretest and 16.07±1.74 in the posttest. Significant improvements were found in the 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance of the proprioceptive+core experimental group (mean difference -1.67±1.13 sec; posttest 21.66±2.59 sec). The 25-meter freestyle technical swimming performance between the groups was found to be significant (p=0.020). The vertical jump performance of the proprioceptive+core group was higher (mean difference: 4.75±2.19 cm; posttest: 24.25±1.34 cm), while the vertical jump performance of the control group (mean difference: 2.31±1.37 cm; posttest: 16.07±1.74 cm) was lower. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.018). Six weeks of proprioceptive+core exercises were found to have positive effects on the 25-meter freestyle technical swimming times and the vertical jump performance test in female swimmers. The findings suggest integrating proprioceptive+core exercises into swimming training would improve performance.

BackgroundCervicogenic headache is characterized by unilateral headache potentially stemming from cervical spine mechanical dysfunction. Research indicates that proprioceptive exercises, specifically gaze direction recognition (GDR), are found to be effective in reducing cervical joint position error and enhancing the quality of cervical afferent signals to the central nervous system.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate proprioceptive training’s impact on headache pain intensity, functional limitation, and neck motion range in individuals experiencing cervicogenic headache.Subjects and methodsThis study employed a randomized controlled design involving 40 participants with cervicogenic headache between 35 and 49 years of age, divided equally into two groups. CONT (control) received only conventional physical therapy interventions, while EXPR (Experimental) underwent both proprioceptive training and standard physical therapy. Both programs consisted of 24, 60–70 min long sessions over 8 weeks. Assessment tools included the Numeric Rating Scale for headache pain, the Neck Disability Index for functional limitation evaluation, and a cervical range of motion (CROM) device for mobility assessment.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that headache pain and disability level significantly decreased (P = 0.0001) post-intervention in both groups, with superior outcomes in EXPR. Similarly, cervical mobility significantly improved (p = 0.0001) in both groups following treatment, with EXPR demonstrating greater enhancements.ConclusionsGaze direction recognition exercise (GDR) is effective in reducing headache pain severity, and disability level, and increasing cervical ROM in subjects with Cervicogenic headache.Trial registrationApproval was granted on 29 February 2024. (PACTR202402489039282), available at https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-025-04405-z.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can lead to functional impairments in hands due to limited joint mobility and diabetic neuropathy. Hand exercises are essential to mitigate these impairments. Incorporation of hand exercise program is crucial in maintaining the functional skills and prevention of deterioration of hand function in persons with DM. This scoping review was conducted to identify all available standardized hand exercise programs which have been developed and used in DM. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Google Scholar with key words diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, limited joint mobility, hand exercises and diabetic hand. Articles focusing on hand specific exercises and involving adults with DM were included, while non-English articles and those not related to hand function were excluded. Eighteen articles were retrieved and after initial screening of title and abstract, seven articles were found relevant. Out of these seven relevant articles, five were selected for the scoping review based on the selection criteria. Out of five, three were randomized control trials and two were pretest-post test control design. The reported interventions were strengthening and stretching exercises along with functional exercises or proprioceptive exercises or task-oriented biofeedback or tendon gliding exercises. There is a need for structured exercise program for hands which consider training in hand muscle strength, dexterity, joint mobility and functional activities.

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting 30-40% of people by the age of 65 years, is a leading cause of mobility issues and disability, particularly in the knee joint. OA commonly results in decreased proprioception and balance, increasing fall risk. Balance exercises are recommended to improve stability and reduce falls in elderly patients with knee OA. The review aims to evaluate the efficacy of balance training in patients with knee OA. The database was searched on PubMed from 2014 to 2024. The search utilised MeSH keywords, including knee OA, balance training, and proprioception exercise, using Boolean Operators (AND/OR/NOT). Out of 2617 articles in the database, 4 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. Four studies specifically examined the impact of balance training on knee OA. These studies primarily utilised outcome measures such as the WOMAC Questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale to assess function and pain. Out of 4 articles, two studies have demonstrated the significant impact of balance training on pain using the Visual Analogue Scale, and all four studies have consistently shown significant improvements in function by using WOMAC as an outcome measure among individuals with knee OA. The review concludes that balance training interventions effectively improve pain and function in individuals with knee OA, as evidenced by significant improvements in pain and functional outcome measures.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, characterized by progressive pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Physiotherapy interventions such as proprioceptive training and Maitland mobilization have been independently shown to reduce symptoms and improve mobility, yet evidence on their combined effectiveness remains limited. Objective: To evaluate whether adding Maitland mobilization to proprioceptive exercises results in superior clinical and functional outcomes compared to proprioceptive training alone in individuals with knee OA. Methods: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial recruited 40 participants aged 40–60 years with Kellgren–Lawrence grade I–III knee OA. Participants were randomly assigned to either Group A (Maitland mobilization + proprioception, n=20) or Group B (proprioception only, n=20). Interventions were delivered three times weekly for four weeks. Outcomes included pain (VAS), range of motion (goniometer), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test), and knee-specific quality of life (KOOS). Statistical analysis employed paired and independent t-tests with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Both groups improved significantly; however, Group A demonstrated greater reductions in pain (–0.75 vs –0.40, p=0.028) and superior gains in knee flexion, extension, and functional mobility (all p<0.05). KOOS subscales, particularly quality of life (+3.40 vs +1.35, p=0.023) and sports/recreation (+2.90 vs +1.00, p=0.006), showed significantly larger improvements in Group A. Conclusion: The integration of Maitland mobilization with proprioceptive training produced greater clinical and functional benefits than proprioceptive exercises alone, supporting a multimodal rehabilitation strategy for knee OA.

Background:Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the world. About 10–15% of LBP patients develop chronic symptoms. Proprioceptive deficiency is one of the possible mechanisms for LBP chronicity, and females are more susceptible than males. We can use an unstable sitting balance or Wobble Board Training (WBT) for proprioceptive training of low back. Lumbar postural control is separated from lower limb postural control in this position. So, we aimed to study the effect of proprioceptive exercises in a sitting position on LBP patients, as it wasn’t specified in this position until now.Materials and Methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 40 women with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain (CNSLBP) and a mean age of 40.37 ± 4.79 were randomly allocated into the control or intervention group subsequently after checking the inclusion criteria. Participants in the control group were treated with Conventional Physical Therapy (CPT), and participants in the intervention group were treated with CPT + WBT in the sitting position. Pain and disability index were evaluated in both groups before treatment, immediately, and 4 weeks after treatment.Results:The results show that the pain and disability index improved after treatment in both groups, but the intervention is not significantly effective on either the pain (P = 0.81) or the disability index (P = 0.15).Conclusion:WBT in a sitting position is not significantly effective in treating women with CNSLBP.

Background and Purpose Parkinson’s impairs movement control and proprioception. This pilot randomized controlled trial investigated whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) combined with proprioceptive exercises improves these functions in people with Parkinson’s. Methods Twenty-four people with Parkinson’s were randomly assigned (1:1) to either active a-tDCS (2mA, 20 minutes, 3 sessions/week for 2 weeks) or sham stimulation, followed by standardized proprioceptive training. The primary outcome was ankle joint proprioceptive acuity. Secondary outcomes included postural sway, gait initiation parameters, and quality of life. Participants were blinded to group allocation. Results The active a-tDCS group showed significantly greater improvement in ankle joint repositioning error compared to the sham group (mean difference −2.9 degrees, 95% CI [−3.1, −2.7]; P = .012). Postural sway (elliptical sway area, eyes closed) was also significantly reduced in the active a-tDCS group (−2.6 cm², 95% CI [−4.6, −0.6]; P = .038). Gait initiation time decreased in both groups, but only the active a-tDCS group showed a significant reduction in step time (−168 ms, 95% CI [−175, −160]; P = .005). No significant between-group difference was found in quality of life (P = .687). Discussion and Conclusions Multiple sessions of a-tDCS combined with proprioceptive exercises explored preliminary evidence of enhanced proprioceptive acuity and postural control in people with Parkinson’s. Gait initiation also improved with a-tDCS. All a-tDCS sessions were well-tolerated by participants, with no adverse effects reported. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and underlying mechanisms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for a-tDCS as a potential adjunctive therapy, though larger trials are needed to confirm clinical efficacy. Clinical trial registration code: IRCT20230820059201N2 (Iranian Registry for Clinical Trials) Clinical trial registration URL: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/76791 Clinical trial registration Name: Effect of Adding Trans-Cranial Direct Current Stimulation on Supplementary Motor Area to Exercise Therapy on Proprioception Acuity, Postural Control, Initiation of Gait, and Brain Cortical Activity in People with Parkinson’s

Background: Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, characterized by decreased bone mineral density, which leads to increased bone fragility, back pain, impaired postural stability, and a heightened risk of fractures. Proprioceptive exercises have been identified as an effective approach for reducing the risk of falls and adverse events. Objective: Our aim was to conduct a pilot exploratory study evaluating the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in improving coordination and balance, and in reducing chronic thoracolumbar back pain in older women diagnosed with osteoporosis. Methods: Quantitative ultrasound bone densitometry was performed on 144 women over the age of 60, followed by the implementation of a proprioceptive training program. The One-Leg Stance balance test and the Visual Analog Scale for pain intensity were administered before and after a six-month training intervention. Results: ANOVA revealed significant improvements in balance, with the OLS duration increasing from 2.49 s at baseline to 7.31 s following the intervention. Participants aged over 70 years demonstrated a positive, though comparatively lower increase in stability and balance. Chi-squared (χ2) analysis indicated that 83.9% of the variance in OLS performance was attributable to proprioceptive training (Cramer's V = 0.839, p = 0.001). A significant reduction in VAS pain scores was observed, with 48.1% of the variance explained by the moderate effect of proprioceptive training (Cramer's V = 0.481, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training has the potential to improve postural stability, balance, and coordination and stimulate pain intensity in the thoracolumbar region. Despite promising results, the absence of a control group limits our ability to draw definitive causal conclusions.

Background/Objectives: Maintaining proper posture and preventing musculoskeletal pain are essential for the healthy development of young football players. Contemporary concepts of postural control emphasize the importance of the lumbopelvic-hip complex and the activation of deep trunk muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured core stabilization training program on postural parameters and pain reduction in young football players. Methods: A total of 182 male football players, aged 9-15 years, were enrolled and allocated to either the intervention or control group. The 12-week intervention consisted of exercises targeting both local and global trunk stabilizers. Assessments included measurements of spinal curvatures, trunk rotation angles, lower limb loading symmetry, and postural stability using the TMX-127 digital inclinometer (Saunders Group Inc., Chaska, MN, USA) and the Baseline scoliometer (Fabrication Enterprises, Inc. New York, USA). Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Repeated-measures statistical analyses were performed with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in trunk rotational parameters, with reductions in ATR values at C7/Th1 (-0.54°) and L5/S1 (-0.49°). SATR values decreased by -0.28° between the second and third assessments. Symmetry of lower limb loading under eyes-open conditions improved significantly (p < 0.00195). No significant changes were observed in dynamic balance, as assessed by the Y-Balance Test (p > 0.05). Pain intensity decreased from 3.33 to 2.55 on the VAS, reflecting a reduction of 0.78 points. Conclusions: Systematic core stabilization training enhances postural quality and reduces the occurrence and severity of musculoskeletal pain in young football players, with lasting effects-except for postural control under conditions of reduced visual input. This type of training represents an effective physioprophylactic strategy, supporting postural control and lowering the risk of injuries. To maintain these benefits, continued training that incorporates balance and proprioceptive exercises is recommended.