Proposed Payment System Research Articles

Mobile payment adoption in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic

Current situation in COVID-19 pandemic as well as the significant digital transformation, where the whole world is being forced to participate, are lead for a wide acceptance to use the mobile payments. The main objective for the current study is to focus on analysing the primary variable “intention to use” through the Apple Wallet mobile payment system “apple wallet app” in United Arab Emirates (UAE), in addition to defining a context and evaluating the various antecedents of its use. The main variables that addressed by the current study are ability to use (skilfulness), perceived usefulness, convenience of the system, perceived risk and the primary variable that mentioned before was intention to use. To conduct the study, we invited 422 respondents to an online survey, and we have used a structural equation modelling analysis. The results indicate that mobile user skilfulness is the variable that most influences the intention to use the proposed payment system, followed by perceived usefulness and convenience of the system, while the perceived risk has a weak negative relationship with intention to use mobile payment via apple wallet app in the light of high Cybersecurity Index in the UAE.

Compact Spiral Asymmetric encryption Distributed Ledger –Secured and authentication Mobile Payment System in Higher Institutions

Looking at the higher learning institutions, there is no question that the current methods for paying student fees are inefficient, inconvenient, and wasteful of time. In addition, the rise in the number of students studying in higher learning institutions has led to long frustrating queues and overcrowding in most financial institutions during payment of student fees. This paper sought to design and implement a secure block chain-based payment system for higher learning institutions in developing countries. Students are to use the proposed payment system to pay tuition fees and other student fees to their respective higher educational institution. In addition, students are to use the proposed payment to pay for goods and services provided by the institution and other merchants in the institution’s premises. In this study, object oriented software development methodology was used to implement the proposed payment system. The proposed system consists of a mobile e-wallet, RESTful API, and blockchain as the core component of the API.

A bidirectional payment system for mitigating the supply–demand imbalance among prosumers based on the core of coalitional game theory under the enhanced use of renewable energy

The imbalance between supply and demand is a crucial problem under the enhanced use of renewable energy after a feed-in program expires. This paper presents a new pricing arrangement for mitigating this supply–demand imbalance in the form of a payoff allocation. The methodology and findings, which are directly connected with the policy implications, are summarized as follows. First, a group of local prosumers on the grid network should be considered because the imbalance matters locally. Second, the value of the group can be formulated by the discrepancies between production and consumption in the period in question. Third, based on the core of coalitional game theory, the proposed payment system prescribes that if production was less than consumption, it is rewarded with the reservation price of consumers and vice versa. Two further recommendations are made. One is that the payoff calculation should be made by dividing the period into the shortest possible sub-periods. The other is that information on the current production and consumption of the group should be provided. A simulation is also presented to illustrate how the proposed payment system works. • This study addresses mitigating the imbalance between supply and demand. • A bidirectional payment system for mitigating this imbalance is presented. • A group of prosumers is considered. • The core of coalitional game theory is utilized for the payoff allocation. • A method of selecting an element in the core is developed.

Mobile Payment Adoption in the Age of Digital Transformation: The Case of Apple Pay

Current developments in information technology and communications, as well as the significant transformations the business world is being forced to make, are generating an opportunity for widespread acceptance of mobile payments. The present research analyzes the intention to use the Apple Pay mobile payment system, as well as contextualizing and evaluating the different antecedents of its use. To carry out the research, 539 users were invited to respond to an online questionnaire, and an analysis of structural equation modeling was used. The results indicate that perceived value is the variable that most influences the intention to use the proposed payment system, followed by perception of utility and risk. This work has important implications for companies in the sector.

A secure and efficient payment protocol based on ElGamal cryptographic algorithms

In this paper we present a secure and efficient transaction protocol that provides the anonymity and can detect the double spending. The proposed payment system is based on the ElGamal encryption scheme, the ElGamal signature scheme and the ElGamal blind signature protocol. We show that our transaction protocol is secure and efficient. We give the definitions of unlinkability and unforgeability of our security model and we prove that the proposed transaction protocol is unforgeable and satisfies the unlinkability property. We show that the proposed system is more efficient, in terms of the computation and communication cost, than the compared payment systems (Eslami et al. in Electron Commer Res Appl 10:59–66, 2011; Chen et al. in Electron Commer Res Appl 10:279–287, 2011; Liu et al. in Proceedings of second European PKI workshop: research and applications. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3545, pp 206–214, 2005 and Chen et al. in Electron Commer Res Appl 10:673–682, 2011) for a customer who withdraws and spends an e-coin and for the merchant who verifies an electronic coin. Also, the proposed e-cash system is useful for the electronic transactions when the connection between the bank and the merchant is not available during the payment protocol. This means a less bandwidth of the payment protocol and then increases the speed of the electronic transaction.

A Secure Credit Card Transaction Method Based on Kerberos

This paper introduces a new credit card payment scheme called No Number Credit Card that can significantly reduce the possibility of credit card fraud. The proposed payment system is loosely based on Kerberos, a cryptographic framework that has stood the test of time. In No Number Credit Card, instead of card numbers, only payment tokens are exchanged between the customers and merchants. The tokens are generated based on the payment amount, payment type, client information, and merchant information. However, it does not contain the credit card number, so the merchant or a database hacker cannot acquire and illegally use any credit card numbers. The No Number Credit Card system is ideal for online e-commerce transactions and can be used with any credit card that users possess. It can be used with minor modifications to the current card payment system. We provide the principles of its operation through scenario analysis, a sample implementation, and a security analysis

Patient Casemix Classification for Medicare Psychiatric Prospective Payment

For a proposed Medicare prospective payment system for inpatient psychiatric facility treatment, the authors developed a casemix classification to capture differences in patients' real daily resource use. Primary data on patient characteristics and daily time spent in various activities were collected in a survey of 696 patients from 40 inpatient psychiatric facilities. Survey data were combined with Medicare claims data to estimate intensity-adjusted daily cost. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) analysis of average daily routine and ancillary costs yielded several hierarchical classification groupings. Regression analysis was used to control for facility and day-of-stay effects in order to compare hierarchical models with models based on the recently proposed payment system of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CART analysis identified a small set of patient characteristics strongly associated with higher daily costs, including age, psychiatric diagnosis, deficits in daily living activities, and detox or ECT use. A parsimonious, 16-group, fully interactive model that used five major DSM-IV categories and stratified by age, illness severity, deficits in daily living activities, dangerousness, and use of ECT explained 40% (out of a possible 76%) of daily cost variation not attributable to idiosyncratic daily changes within patients. A noninteractive model based on diagnosis-related groups, age, and medical comorbidity had explanatory power of only 32%. A regression model with 16 casemix groups restricted to using "appropriate" payment variables (i.e., those with clinical face validity and low administrative burden that are easily validated and provide proper care incentives) produced more efficient and equitable payments than did a noninteractive system based on diagnosis-related groups.

Patient Casemix Classification for Medicare Psychiatric Prospective Payment

For a proposed Medicare prospective payment system for inpatient psychiatric facility treatment, the authors developed a casemix classification to capture differences in patients' real daily resource use. Primary data on patient characteristics and daily time spent in various activities were collected in a survey of 696 patients from 40 inpatient psychiatric facilities. Survey data were combined with Medicare claims data to estimate intensity-adjusted daily cost. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) analysis of average daily routine and ancillary costs yielded several hierarchical classification groupings. Regression analysis was used to control for facility and day-of-stay effects in order to compare hierarchical models with models based on the recently proposed payment system of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CART analysis identified a small set of patient characteristics strongly associated with higher daily costs, including age, psychiatric diagnosis, deficits in daily living activities, and detox or ECT use. A parsimonious, 16-group, fully interactive model that used five major DSM-IV categories and stratified by age, illness severity, deficits in daily living activities, dangerousness, and use of ECT explained 40% (out of a possible 76%) of daily cost variation not attributable to idiosyncratic daily changes within patients. A noninteractive model based on diagnosis-related groups, age, and medical comorbidity had explanatory power of only 32%. A regression model with 16 casemix groups restricted to using "appropriate" payment variables (i.e., those with clinical face validity and low administrative burden that are easily validated and provide proper care incentives) produced more efficient and equitable payments than did a noninteractive system based on diagnosis-related groups.

Posttransplant Skin Carcinoma-Fighting Immunosuppression by Local Immunostimulation: Guidelines for the Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Organ Transplant Recipients. Dermatol Surg 30: 642-650, 2004.

Posttransplant Skin Carcinoma-Fighting Immunosuppression by Local Immunostimulation: Guidelines for the Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Organ Transplant Recipients. Dermatol Surg 30: 642-650, 2004.

A Critical Analysis of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale

BACKGROUND--There is a general perception that procedural medical services are reimbursed at an inappropriately greater rate than cognitive services. By congressional mandate, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has been directed to establish a Medicare fee schedule to shift funding under a budget-neutral assumption from procedural to cognitive services. To provide a rational basis for this change, Hsiao et al (Harvard-Hsiao) developed a resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) that equates the value of a service to the resources necessary to generate the service. METHODS--Instead of focusing on relative values and fee schedules ("price-per-unit-service"), the present study employs the standard commercial/industrial method of determining reimbursement rate (income divided by hours of labor) for 15 medical and surgical specialties. Data from independent sources are used to determine income and hours of professional effort for each of the specialties studied. Harvard-Hsiao and HCFA predicted the percent change in income for each of the specialties under the initial RBRVS and the HCFA fee schedule. The predicted income was then employed in this study to recompute reimbursement rates under the newly proposed payment systems. CURRENT PAYMENT SYSTEM--Average annual incomes for medical and surgical specialties are $124,500 and $176,600, respectively, a 42% difference (P = .03). Average weekly work hours (nominal hours, as adjusted for overtime) for medical and surgical specialties are 70.6 and 87.8, respectively (P = .005). Average hourly reimbursement rates for medical ($33.90) and surgical ($38.80) specialties are not substantially different (P, not significant). The difference in annual income is explained by the 17.2 hours per week of additional work hours by surgeons. The erroneous perception that procedurists are reimbursed at a higher rate than cognitive practitioners likely arises from differences in billing methods by which surgeons shift charges for cognitive work hours to the 18% of their time spent in the operating room. PROPOSED RBRVS AND HCFA PAYMENT SYSTEM--The income of all specialties is equalized about a mean of $132,500 (+/- $21,400 [1 SD]) by varying reimbursement rates in such a way that the effect of working hours is fully discounted. Reimbursement rates under the proposed payment system make no recognition of the hours of professional effort, postgraduate specialty training, or putative differences in the nature of the physician's work. --The RBRVS, and the HCFA fee schedule to the extent that it is based on that scale, are inappropriate bases for the reform of the physician reimbursement system.