Proportional Method Research Articles

Comparison of Real-time PCR Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis and Xpert MTB/RIF for Detection of Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis from Patients with Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: Compare the real-time fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) melting curve analysis (MCA) with Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RRTB) from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methods: The medical records of patients with EPTB were reviewed and collected from February 2017 to February 2019. The samples were tested by drug susceptibility tests. Taking the rifampicin resistance (RR) result of proportional method as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of MCA and Xpert method to detect RR was calculated. Results: There were 134 samples enrolled in this study including 75 males and 59 females. The results of RR were consistent with MCA and Xpert methods in 123 cases. 106 cases were consistent with results of the proportional method detection. Taking the proportional method as the standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and coincidence rate of Xpert method to detect RR were 95.2%, 83.7%, 72.7%, 97.5%, 87.3%; the MCA method were 90.5%, 73.9%, 61.3%, 94.4% and 79.1% respectively. There were significant differences on the detection of RIF sensitivity in the different types of patients detected by two methods (P<0.01). Conclusion: Xpert and MCA had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting surgical specimens of patients with EPTB and were suitable for early and rapid detection of RRTB from EPTB.

MDB-94. RADIOMICS-BASED DECISION SUPPORT FOR PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA RISK STRATIFICATION ON MULTI-PARAMETRIC MRI

Abstract BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Accurate risk stratification is crucial for prescribing appropriate therapy. However, current risk stratification into standard or high-risk groups is limited in scope and does not accurately address the unique biological behavior of each specific tumor, with approximately 30% of children diagnosed with MB suffering from treatment failure. We developed a radiomic tool to more accurately risk stratify children with MB. METHODS We collected 1.5T/3T MRI (Siemens, Philips, or GE scanners) and clinical data from 80 patients with MB treated at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Radiomic features that quantify textural heterogeneity including first and second order statistics, Haralick’s features from Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices, and CoLIAge were extracted from tumor volumes segmented by a board-certified radiologist from multi-parametric MRI data including Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), T2, and post-contrast T1 sequences. Continuous survival models were built using the Cox proportional hazard method with 70% of the data for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the 5 most predictive features obtained by univariate analysis after removing correlated features within the training data. RESULTS We developed three models with T1, T2, and ADC separately to evaluate predictive power of radiomic signatures. Three models for predicting MB OS delivered Harrel’s concordance indices (C-index) of 0.72 and 0.61 (T1); 0.70 and 0.65 (T2); and 0.80 and 0.76 (ADC) for training and test, respectively. C-indices for PFS were 0.70 and 0.69 (T1); 0.73 and 0.67 (T2); and 0.63 and 0.61 (ADC). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show the feasibility and efficacy of our approach for predicting MB OS and PFS. Future studies will build an integrated model combining T1,T2, ADC, and other clinical information for predicting MB OS and PFS using a large multi-center validation cohort.

Family Support for University Students Achievement

The current research aims to identify family support among university students and to examine the significance of statistical differences in family support based on gender (male-female). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a family support scale based on Kirkpatrick's theory (1995) and applied it to a sample of 400 male and female students from the University of Diyala. These students were selected using a proportional stratified random sampling method. After statistically processing the research data using the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Cronbach's alpha, the research yielded the following results: the research sample exhibited family support, and no statistically significant difference was found in family support based on gender. Based on these results, the research provided a set of recommendations and proposals.

MSR105 Proportional Randomization Method to Identify Index Line of Therapy in Externally Controlled Trials

MSR105 Proportional Randomization Method to Identify Index Line of Therapy in Externally Controlled Trials

Risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in areas with a moderate tuberculosis burden.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB poses a significant challenge for TB control initiatives on a global scale. This study's aim was to estimate the incidence of MDR-/RR-TB and identify the risk factors associated with their incidence in four provinces in northern Iran. Drug susceptibility testing was conducted using the proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen media. The demographic and clinical data were collected from the Iranian TB registry. Among 1083 individuals diagnosed with TB, 27 (2.5%) were identified as having MDR-/RR-TB, while 73 cases (6.7%) were any drug resistant (ADR). The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between marital status and MDR-/RR-TB (p=0.003). In addition, significant associations were observed between ADR-TB and gender (p=0.035) and previous treatment for TB (p=0.02). Our findings provide important information on the drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, as well as risk factors in northern Iran. Given the identified risk factors, creative approaches to promote treatment adherence in TB patients, particularly divorced/widowed women and individuals with a previous history of TB treatment, are required.

Development Strategy of Leading Agricultural Commodities: Findings From LQ, GRM, and Shift-Share Analysis

This research aims to develop the potential of food crops as a first step in the development planning process. This research was conducted in Majalengka Regency and has resulted in three main studies. First, it identifies staple and non-staple food crops in the region. The data source used consists of time series data from 2018-2022, and primary data with sample determination using the Proportional Random Sampling method. The results of the analysis show that staple food crops in Kabupaten M consist of rice, corn, soybeans, peanuts and green beans, while non-staple food crops include cassava and sweet potatoes. Secondly, the study also indicated that rice is the main food crop in the region. Finally, maize and groundnuts were identified as priority crops for further development. These findings provide valuable information for agricultural development planning, focusing on the development of potential commodities.

Challenging the gold standard: the limitations of molecular assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heteroresistance

ObjectivesHeteroresistant infections are defined as infections in which a mixture of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible populations are present. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), heteroresistance poses a challenge in diagnosis and has...

Research on proportional valve spool wear diagnostic method hybrid-driven by the valve port energy loss mechanism model and data

High performance proportional valves are commonly utilized for precise control of aircraft actuators to ensure flight safety. Fault diagnosis play a crucial role in maintaining equipment reliability. However, traditional diagnostic methods using vibration signals face challenges such as inability to directly measure failure points, fault characteristics being influenced by sensor position, and large data processing volume, limiting engineering application scope. This paper introduces a valve spool wear fault diagnostic method based on energy loss model and data hybrid drive, leveraging throttling loss characteristics. An energy loss failure mechanism model, incorporating differential pressure and flow rate of valve port, was established, and experimentally verified. This method effectively addresses the limitations of vibration sensors in diagnosing aviation hydraulic systems. By combining particle swarm optimization algorithm with deep extreme learning machine, the number of neurons, weight distribution, and data set ratio are rapidly optimized, reducing data processing complexity and enhancing diagnostic efficiency. Comparative tests demonstrate a significant increase in average diagnostic accuracy rate, with more than 8% improvement after integrating energy loss information and particle swarm optimization, reaching over 98%. The proposed method exhibits superior performance in average diagnostic accuracy rate and stability compared to other methods and can be served as a valuable reference for predicting faults in aviation hydraulic valves.

Investigating the relationship between health literacy and preconceptual care components during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

Background and AimPreconceptual care aiming to improve health is influenced by various factors including health literacy. Considering the importance and necessity of high quality preconceptual care, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and receiving components of preconceptual care prior to pregnancy.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 693 participants with pregnancies of less than 14 weeks gestation referred to health centers and gynecologists in Shiraz city, Iran. Multi-stage sampling was done from May 2021 to February 2022 in 18 comprehensive urban health centers and 20 gynecology offices via proportional allocation method. The data collection tool comprised a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts: (1) individual and fertility characteristics, (2) information related to the components of preconceptual care and (3) health literacy for Iranian adults. This was completed by individual participants via the self-reporting method.ResultsThe majority of participants were between 30 and 34 years old. They also identified as women with a university education and were predominantly unemployed. The mean health literacy of participants was 76.81%. Health literacy obtained the highest mean score in the dimension of ‘understanding’ and the lowest mean score in the dimension of ‘access’. The frequency of preconceptual counseling, folic acid supplement consumption, exercise, blood testing, dental visits, genetic counseling, Pap smear testing and rubella, diphtheria, and hepatitis vaccinations prior to pregnancy was 66.8%, 53.8%, 45.6%, 71.86%, 44.44%, 12%, 53.4%, 10.83%, respectively. Many (> 64%) received preconceptual care at specialist gynecology offices. Results demonstrated that health literacy had a statistically significant relationship with preconceptual care, folic acid consumption, exercise and dental care, (p < 0.001), along with blood testing and Pap smear testing (p < 0.05).ConclusionOverall, our results demonstrate that despite health literacy being optimal, uptakes of some components of preconceptual care are low. As such, it will be important to further raise awareness of the importance of preconceptual care for people prior to pregnancy as a priority in health promotion and education.

The influence of ownership structure and political connections on tax avoidance in Indonesia

This study intends to examine the influence of ownership structure and political connections on tax avoidance using the Book Tax Differences (BTD) method. The data used is industrial entities registered on the IDX for the 2018-2022 period. By utilizing the proportional sampling method, the study sample that fulfilled the criteria was only 40 companies so 200 observational data were obtained which were used as the study sample. Panel data regression analysis is the chosen analytical method in this research which includes the Chow test, Hausman test, and hypothesis testing using Eviews as a data analytics tool. The test results imply that (i) government ownership negatively impacts tax avoidance, (ii) institutional ownership positively impacts tax avoidance, (iii) family ownership positively impacts tax avoidance, (iv) foreign ownership shows a non-significant positive impact on tax avoidance, and (v) political connections exhibit a non-significant negative impact on tax avoidance.

Construction of Additive Allometric Biomass Models for Young Trees of Two Dominate Species in Beijing, China

The traditional volume-derived biomass method is limited because it does not fully consider the carbon sink of young trees, which leads to the underestimation of the carbon sink capacity of a forest ecosystem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an allometric biomass model of young trees to provide a quantitative basis for accurately estimating the carbon storage and carbon sink of young trees. The destructive data that were used in this study included the biomass of the young trees of the two dominant species (Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica (Regel) Ashburner &amp; McAll and Populus × tomentosa Carrière) in China, which was composed of the aboveground biomass (Ba), belowground biomass (Bb), and total biomass (Bt). Univariate and bivariate dimensions were selected and five candidate biomass models were independently tested. Two additive allometric biomass model systems of young trees were established using the proportional function control method and algebraic sum control method, respectively. We found that the logistic function was the most suitable for explaining the allometric growth relationship between the Ba, Bt, and diameter at breast height (D) of young trees; the power function was the most suitable for explaining the allometric growth relationship between the Bb and D of young trees. When compared with the independent fitting model, the two additive allometric biomass model systems provide additive biomass prediction which reflects the conditions in reality. The accuracy of the Bt models and Ba models was higher, while the accuracy of the Bb models was lower. In terms of the two dimensions—univariate and bivariate, we found that the bivariate additive allometric biomass model system was more accurate. In the univariate dimension, the proportional function control method was superior to the algebraic sum control method. In the bivariate dimension, the algebraic sum control method was superior to the proportional function control method. The additive allometric biomass models provide a reliable basis for estimating the biomass of young trees and realizing the additivity of the biomass components, which has broad application prospects, such as the monitoring of carbon stocks and carbon sink evaluation.

Determinants of Catch And Catch Per Unit Effort Of Motorboat And Outboard Motorboat Fishers In Bulukumba Regency

Motor and outboard boats are the main means by which fishersmen exploit the fisheries resources in these waters. The success of the catch and the efficiency of the fishermen's efforts are strongly influenced by various factors related to the characteristics of the boat, the fishing gear and the condition of the aquatic environment. This study aims to analyse the determinants of catch and catch per unit effort of motorboat and outboard motorboat fishers in bulukumba regency. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation. The number of samples was 81 modern fishermen (juragan fishermen) of motorboats out of 407 population using the Slovin formula method and 81 outboard motorboat fishermen out of 81 population using the area proportional random sampling method. Data analysis techniques used are statistical tests, classical assumptions tests using SPSS 25 and CPUE analysis. The study found that the length of fishing (X1), volume of diesel (X2), age of fishermen (X4), and fishing experience (X6) had a positive impact on the production of motorboat fishermen's catch (Y1) when examined independently. On the other hand, the number of labour (X3) and formal education of fishermen (X5) were negatively correlated with catch production. The duration of sea time (X7) and the power of the outboard engine (X8) have a positive impact, whereas the volume of petrol (X9), age of fishermen (X10), formal education of fishermen (X11), sea experience (X12), and number of fishing gear used (X13) have a negative impact on the catch rate of outboard motorboat fishermen (Y2). Based on the CPUE (Catch per Unit Effort) value, there has been a fluctuation of motorboat and outboard motorboat fishermen from 2017 to 2021. The average value per year, from 2017 to 2021, was 389.9914kg/trip for motorboat fishermen and 46.66028kg/trip for outboard motorboats. It is recommended to increase the number of fishing gear, particularly trawl gear, and transportation facilities in fishing. Fishers should be incentivised to utilise fishing equipment that is appropriate for the specific kind of fish and local aquatic environments in order to enhance catches and reduce negative impacts on fishing resources.

United States Senate malapportionment: A geographical investigation

This study is a geographical investigation of malapportionment in the United States Senate, using national-level tables and graphs for all census years from 1790 through 2020, and state-level maps for census years 1790, 1820, 1920, and 2020. Senate malapportionment is found to have worsened over time, with geographically varying manifestations. The article proposes an expansion of the Senate using the Method of Equal Proportions, which would considerably diminish the degree of malapportionment if adopted.

Real-world outcomes (RWO) with tandem transplantation in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM).

7564 Background: Stem cell transplant (SCT) followed by maintenance therapy (MT) is the standard of care for transplant eligible NDMM pts. Tandem transplantation has been found to have progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefit particularly for patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA). However, this modality remains under-utilized in clinical practice. We report RWO with tandem transplant (TT) in comparison with single SCT followed by MT (STM). Methods: We performed a multi-center, retrospective, observational study using the de-identified COTA real-world database derived from the EMRs of US centers. Pts with NDMM from 1/1/2012 to 1/1/23 were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate time to next treatment (TTNT), OS, follow-up time (reverse OS endpoint), and report log-rank test p-values. TTNT was defined in two ways: time from 1st SCT (2nd if TT) to the earliest of initiation of next line of therapy (LOT) or death (TTNT1) and the time from 2nd LOT post-SCT to the earliest of initiation of next LOT or death (TTNT2). A propensity score (PS) model was used to compare study cohorts, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards method. HRCA were defined as pts with 17p(-), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20) and 1q+. Results: 1117 pts met the study criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 60 yrs. 56.9% were male, 68.9% were White, and 32% had HRCA. 937 pts received STM and 180 pts received TT with median follow-up time of 68 months (mos) (95% CI: 65.4, 71.9) and 39 mos (95% CI: 31.9, 50.1), respectively. Median TTNT1 for TT vs STM was 52.7 vs 51 mos, (p=0.85), respectively. Median TTNT2 for TT vs STM was 33.9 vs 11.8 mos, (p&lt;0.001). respectively. Median OS for TT vs STM was not reached (NR) vs 108.1 mos, (p&lt;0.001), respectively. In the PS model, the TT group had significantly lower hazard of TTNT2 and OS events (HRs 0.49 and 0.47, p&lt;0.001 and p=0.01, respectively) as compared to STM. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates significant improvement in unadjusted TTNT2 and OS RWO for TT pts, despite higher incidence of HRCA compared to STM pts. PS analysis demonstrated a similar effect with decreased HRs for TT. OS is an extremely difficult primary outcome to achieve in MM RCTs where survival may have to be collected for decades. Thus, our large study of RWO with long-term follow-up is valuable. [Table: see text]

Improving diversity in phase I oncology clinical trials: A single institution experience at the University of Colorado Cancer Center.

e13687 Background: Despite continued improvements in cancer outcomes, disparities persist between racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. One potential driver is the lack of appropriate representation in clinical trials, including dose-finding studies. We implemented a set of initiatives including patient education, outreach, a Spanish-speaking bicultural clinic, and regular review of enrollment by race and ethnicity. To investigate the impact of these initiatives, we examined phase I clinical trial patient demographics and treatment outcomes before and after the intervention. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients enrolled in 2018-2019 (cohort 1[C1], pre- intervention) and 2022-2023 (cohort 2[C2], post-intervention). We collected patient demographics, area deprivation index (ADI), body mass index (BMI), ECOG performance status, and tumor type. Differences between cohorts were evaluated with T-tests, Chi-Square test, or the Fisher Exact test. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HR), confidence intervals (CI) and p values were derived using the cox proportional hazards method. A multivariable model for patients with colorectal cancers (CRC) was selected using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: A total of 361 patients (C1 n = 209, C2 n = 152) were included. Overall, 52.4% of patients were female. The most common tumor sites were CRC (18.3%), pancreas (11.9%) and breast (10.8%). Study participants were 85.0% White, 3.3% Asian, 1.4% Black and 9.1% Hispanic, compared to cancer incidence in Colorado of 92.8%, 1.6% and 3.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Following our intervention, there was an increase in language preference other than English from 1.9% (4/209) to 6.6% (10/152) (p = 0.028) and in translated consents from 1.4% (3/209) to 5.9% (9/152) (p = 0.033). There was no statistically significant difference in race, ethnicity, insurance, or tumor type, although there was a non-statistically significant increase in Hispanic patients from 8.1% to 10.5%. Median PFS improved from 1.9 to 2.8 months (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.90, p = 0.003). ECOG 1 v. 0 was associated with inferior OS (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.73, p = 0.017), and BMI ≥18.5 v. &lt;18.5 was associated with superior OS (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.95, p = 0.03). AIC model of CRC (n = 66) revealed that ADI scores of 6-10 were associated with worse PFS and OS (p = 0.022 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our interventions resulted in an increase in accrual of non-English speaking patients, however, there was not yet a statistically significant change in overall race and ethnicity. Our study confirms poorer clinical outcomes for patients with higher ADI scores. Further research and intervention are warranted to mitigate disparities in clinical trial accrual and improve clinical outcomes for disadvantaged patients.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B) as first-line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A multi-institution analysis of patient outcomes based on Child Pugh (CP) and ALBI liver function.

4099 Background: A+B is standard of care for advanced HCC in the first line setting, although was only evaluated in patients with CP class A liver function in IMbrave150. We sought to determine outcomes of patients in the real-world setting. Methods: We conducted a multi-institution retrospective analysis of patients with HCC who received A+B as first-line systemic therapy between March 2018 and November 2023, at Mayo Clinic and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center. Treatment response was evaluated, and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using the Kaplan Meier method. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression method. Results: Among patients with HCC (n=322), 226, 86, and 10 had CP-A, -B, and -C liver function, while 120, 177, and 25 had ALBI grade 1, 2, and 3 liver function. Median age was 66.5 years, 78.6% were male, and 82.6% were white. Liver disease causes included hepatitis B (5.3%) and C (34.8%), ethanol use (26.1%), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (15.5%). Macrovascular invasion was seen in 42.9%, and 30.4% had extrahepatic metastatic disease. Median OS for patients with CP-A5/6 was 21.6 months, B7 (n=49) was 9.1 months, and B8-C12 was 4.7 months ( p&lt;0.0001). Median OS by ALBI grade was 34.9, 11.7, and 4.7 months for grades 1, 2, and 3. Median PFS was 8.9, 6.4, and 2.7 months for CP-A5/6, B7, and B8-C12 ( p&lt;0.0001). Median PFS by ALBI grade was 11.0, 6.4, and 3.7 months for grades 1, 2, and 3 ( p=0.0001). Among patients with CP-A, those with ALBI grade 1 had mOS of 34.9 months versus 14.2 months for those with grade 2. Partial response was seen in 29.2%, 19.8% and 10.0% of patients with CP-A, -B, and -C, while 32.7%, 33.7%, and 40.0% had stable disease. In a univariate analysis, factors predictive of shorter OS included CP-B7 or CP-B8-C12, ALBI grade 2 or 3, hepatitis B, poorer ECOG performance status (PS), macrovascular invasion, non-white race, and lack of prior surgery or embolization. In multivariate analyses, CP score, ALBI grade, hepatitis B, ECOG PS, and macrovascular invasion were significantly associated with survival. There was significant interaction between CP and ALBI grade (Table). Conclusions: A+B remains a viable option in patients with CP-B7 liver function, although benefit is significantly less than those with CP-A. ALBI score has predictive value and can identify two prognostic groups among those with CP-A liver function. [Table: see text]

Identifying patterns of sexual behaviors and PrEP uptake characteristics among MSM who were eligible for PrEP: A national cross-section study

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of HIV infection and should be offered effective preventive measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, PrEP uptake among eligible MSM was not as high as desired. Diverse research findings on how risky sexual behaviors affect PrEP uptake highlight the necessity for a comprehensive investigation. Understanding the interconnectedness of different sexual behaviors is crucial for evaluating their impact on PrEP uptake among eligible MSM.Using a proportional sampling method, we recruited 5877 MSM aged 16 years and above in mainland China according to PrEP eligibility criteria. Through latent class analysis (LCA), three distinct sexual behavior patterns were identified among eligible MSM. Demographic variances and PrEP uptake among the three distinct sexual behavior patterns were examined using chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression.LCA revealed three patterns: low-risk (4,815 MSM), medium-risk (516 MSM), and high-risk (546 MSM). MSM aged 25 years or older with a monthly income of ≥¥8,000 were more likely to be in the medium-risk group. Those from areas with high HIV prevalence and engaging as "top" in anal sex were more likely to be in the medium- and high-risk groups. The medium- and high-risk groups had a higher willingness, uptake, and adherence rates for PrEP than the low-risk group.LCA is effective in identifying diverse sexual behavior patterns among MSM, aiding targeted interventions to enhance PrEP uptake. Addressing demographic variations and tailoring interventions for specific risk groups are crucial for promoting PrEP dissemination and reducing HIV infection risk in eligible MSM.

Analysis of garlic farming revenue in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is consumed as a cooking seasoning, flavoring, culinary, and herbal medicine. In Indonesia, domestic production is only about 5% of national consumption needs, so 95% of the shortfall comes from imports. Garlic is a superior agricultural product that has the potential to generate income for farmers. The purpose of this research is to analyze the income of garlic farming. The research was conducted in Karanganyar Regency using a proportional systematic random sampling method, and 194 farmers were selected. This research compares 3 planting seasons, which are divided into planting in April-May, June-July and August-November. Production inputs consist of seeds, manure, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, labor, dolomite, and others. The results obtained, the average production cost per hectare is Rp.87,779,449,-.The proportion of the cost of buying seeds is 34.72%. The average production is 4.78 tons per hectare with an average price of Rp.20,848 per kilogram. The average income per hectare is Rp.87,977,271,-. The value of the R/C ratio is 1.002 (&gt; 1), and the value of the B/C ratio is 0.002 (&gt; 0). Thus, garlic farming in Karanganyar Regency is profitable, because the income (revenue) is greater than the costs incurred and it is still feasible to continue because it provides positive benefits.

Effect of maintenance therapy (MT) on real-world outcomes (RWO) of patients (pts) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) post stem cell transplant (SCT).

7562 Background: SCT followed by MT is the standard of care for pts with transplant-eligible (TE) NDMM. Five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing lenalidomide MT versus no MT showed improved progression free survival (PFS), but no overall survival (OS) benefit except for one by McCarthy et al. that allowed pt crossover between treatment arms. Use of MT has also been associated with an increased risk of second primary malignancies and an inferior quality of life. We report RWO post SCT with and without MT in TE NDMM. Methods: We performed a multi-center, retrospective, observational study using the de-identified COTA real-world database derived from the EMRs of US centers. Pts with NDMM from 1/1/2012 to 1/1/23 were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate time to next treatment (TTNT), OS, follow-up time (reverse OS endpoint), and report log-rank test p-values. TTNT was defined in two ways: time from SCT to the earliest of initiation of next line of therapy (LOT) or death (TTNT1) and the time from 2nd LOT post-SCT to the earliest of initiation of next LOT or death (TTNT2). A propensity score (PS) matched analysis was used to compare study cohorts and report hazard ratios (HRs) using the Cox proportional hazards method. High risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA) were defined as pts with 17p(-), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20) and 1q+. Results: 1928 ptsmet the study criteria: 957 pts received SCT with MT (M) and 971 pts received no MT (NM). Median age at Dx was 61 y, 57% were male, 70% were White, and 31.2% had HRCA with a median follow-up of 64 months (mos) (95% CI: 61.6, 66.7). In the M vs NM arms, 29.6% and 32.7% pts had HRCA, respectively. Median TTNT1 for M vs NM was 51 vs 36 months (mos), (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Median TTNT2 for M vs NM was 11.7 vs 21.6 mos, (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Median OS for M vs NM was 108.8 mos vs 126.3 mos, (p=0.08), respectively. In the PS model, the NM group had significantly lower hazard of TTNT2 and OS events (HRs 0.65 and 0.85, p&lt;0.001 and p=0.08, respectively). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates improved TTNT2 outcomes with the NM approach. M therapy did not have an impact on OS in this cohort. Both results indicate an absence of long-term benefit with the use of M therapy. OS is a difficult primary outcome to achieve in MM RCTs where survival may have to be collected for decades. Thus, our large study of RWO with long-term follow-up is valuable. [Table: see text]

Outcomes of ide-cel in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A single-institution experience.

e19500 Background: Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) is a novel CAR T-cell therapy that targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). This single-center retrospective study reports the real-world clinical outcomes of ide-cel therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with the additional goal of investigating host predictive factors for therapy performance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients with RRMM who received ide-cel between 2021 and 2023 at University of California San Diego Health and had at least six months of follow-up data available. Data on baseline characteristics, efficacy responses, and adverse reactions (including CRS and ICANS grading per ASTCT) were obtained. Treatment responses were recorded according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria. Survival analyses were based on Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results: A total of 25 patients with RRMM were included. The median age was 65 (range, 50-79). 48% of patients were male. Patients received a median of six lines of prior therapy with 12% of patients receiving prior BCMA-targeted therapy. Six patients (24%) had confirmed high-risk cytogenetics while twelve patients (48%) had extramedullary disease. The median follow-up was 11.4 months. The objective response rate was 84%; sCR was seen in 56% of patients, VGPR in 16%, PR in 12%, and PD in 16%. Four patients in sCR have since relapsed. Five deaths were observed (20%), all due to progressive disease. Median PFS for the cohort was 13.9 months (95% CI, 9.21 – NR); among responders, PFS was 20.6 months (95% CI, 11.9 – NR). Median OS was NR (95% CI, 19.3 month – NR). The respective PFS and OS at 12 months was 57% (95% CI, 37% – 86%) and 83% (95% CI, 69% – 100%). Of 11 patients who had relapsed/refractory disease to ide-cel, six were alive at time of last follow-up; three are responding to teclistamab, two to talquetamab, and one to radiation. The incidence of CRS and ICANS was 92% (grade 3-4: 4%) and 12% (grade 3-4: 8%), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis did not reveal any significant predictive markers of superior PFS or OS, including age, ECOG, mSMART classification, high-risk cytogenetics, extramedullary disease, median number of lines of prior therapy, prior BCMA-targeted therapy, and triple/penta-class refractory disease. Conclusions: Despite our patients having a high median number of prior lines of therapy, our response and toxicity rates were similar to the findings in the current literature, including those observed in the landmark KarMMa-1 trial. We did not find any significant predictive factors of PFS or OS with the caveat of a small sample size. Further research remains necessary to identify potential predictors that may discriminate responders from non-responders, which will improve the application of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with RRMM.