Proportion Of Child Mortality Research Articles

Mortality and its association with CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level among children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEven though there are advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment approach, HIV continues to be a global challenge. Pediatrics HIV is one of the challenges in the reduction of child mortality particularly in less developed countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the pooled proportion of child mortality and the effect of hemoglobin level and CD4 cell count among children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.MethodAll published were articles searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science database. Besides, Ethiopian institutional research repositories and reference lists of included studies were used. We limited the searching to studies conducted in Ethiopia and written in the English language. Studies that were done in a cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control study design were considered for the review. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was applied, and the overall variations between studies were checked by using heterogeneity test Higgins’s (I2). Subgroup analysis by region and year of publication was conducted. All of the included articles were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria. In addition, publication bias was also checked with Egger’s regression test and the funnel plot. Based on the results, trim and fill analysis was performed to manage the publication bias.ResultA total of 16 studies with 7047 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mortality among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was found to be 11.78% (95% CI 9.34, 14.23). In subgroup analysis, the highest child mortality was observed in the Amhara region 16.76 % (95% CI 9.63, 23.90) and the lowest is in the Tigray region 4.81% (95% CI 2.75, 6.87). Besides, the proportion of mortality among children with low CD4 count and hemoglobin level was 2.42 (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.65, 3.56) and 3.24 (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.51, 6.93) times higher compared to their counterparts, respectively.ConclusionThe proportion of mortality among children on ART was high in Ethiopia. Those children who had low CD4 cell count and low hemoglobin levels at baseline need special attention, treatment, and care.Trial registrationThe protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42018113077.

Rare single gene disorders: estimating baseline prevalence and outcomes worldwide

As child mortality rates overall are decreasing, non-communicable conditions, such as genetic disorders, constitute an increasing proportion of child mortality, morbidity and disability. To date, policy and public health programmes have focused on common genetic disorders. Rare single gene disorders are an important source of morbidity and premature mortality for affected families. When considered collectively, they account for an important public health burden, which is frequently under-recognised. To document the collective frequency and health burden of rare single gene disorders, it is necessary to aggregate them into large manageable groupings and take account of their family implications, effective interventions and service needs. Here, we present an approach to estimate the burden of these conditions up to 5 years of age in settings without empirical data. This approaches uses population-level demographic data, combined with assumptions based on empirical data from settings with data available, to provide population-level estimates which programmes and policy-makers when planning services can use.

Variations of Infant and Under-five Child Mortality Rates around the World, the Role of Human Development Index (HDI)

Background: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which apart from measuring the socio-economic development of countries can predict health outcomes. The current study aimed at determination of the effects of HDI individual components on infant and child mortality. Materials and Methods: At a cross- sectional study,data on infant and child mortality rates and values for HDI individual components were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank respectively. The effect of HDI individual components on infant and child mortality were derived from linear regression models. Results: During 1990-2015, infant and child mortality have declined in all countries. Most proportion of child mortality is attributed to death in infants. All HDI individual components significantly inversely were related to infant mortality rate (IMR) and among them expected years of schooling has the strongest effect with regression coefficient of β= -5.9 (95% CI: -6.63, -5.13). Conclusion: The highest IMRs have been observed for EMRO and AFRO regions of the WHO. Policies targeting women health and empowerment can have a tremendous impact on reducing child mortality rates around the world.

Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Child Health in Selected South Asian Countries

Development of any nation is estimated through child health condition. In particular, the fourth millennium development goal out of eight is to reduce the mortality rate. The target set under this goal was to reduce by two-third, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of child mortality. Maternal BMI is closely associated with child nutritional status. Weak mother having low BMI has low nutrition status which effect child weight. Healthy and balance food of mothers have positive effect on their child. Underweight mother can have impaired and poor growing kids. This study presents impact of some socio-economic demographic and maternal health related factors on health status of children in selected South Asian countries i.e. Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The study used micro data from demographic and health survey (DHS) of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that mother education, mother working status, mother health, availability of safe drinking water, family size and vaccination have significant effect on child health. Mother's education is positively associated with healthy child. Working mothers are more likely to have healthy child. Weak and obese children are positively associated with malnourished and overweight mothers respectively. Small family size has positive impact on weak child health. Vaccination and availability of improved and safe water are positively associated with child health.