Properties Of Lime Mortars Research Articles

Properties of Lime Mortar and FAL-G with Urea

In traditional Indian lime mortar preparation, urine is added to improve the properties. In this research instead of urine, urea (fertilizer)is tried to give a sanitarily viable alternative. Urea is added in the various viz. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% with Lime mortar 1:3 and also Fly Ash Lime Gypsum (FAL-G) paste. The resultant composites were cast into cubes of 50 sq.cm area and tested for weight density, water absorption and compressive strength. Results were compared with plain lime mortar cubes and plain FAL-G cubes. FAL-G shows better properties with 3% urea than lime mortar.

Impact of a viscosity-modifying admixture on the properties of lime mortars

Viscosity-modifying admixtures are frequently used in mortars to improve their fresh state properties, especially in pre-mixed products, with consequences for their hardened properties. However, the knowledge on the influence of these admixtures on lime-based materials is still incipient. In this context, this paper intends to analyse the impact of a viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA) in the fresh and hardened state properties of aerial lime mortars. In the fresh state, the VMA led to a thickening of the lime suspension, which translated into a progressive increase in torque, plastic viscosity and yield stress (after an initial decrease) with increasing dosage. At the same time, it increased air content, which made the mortars easier to handle, and increased the bleeding rate, but the amount of bleed water was lower. In the hardened state, the VMA did not improve mechanical strength owing to a porosity increase (based on a rise in large pores).

Influence of Flax Oil Additive on Rheological Properties of Lime Mortar

Lime based mortars rank to the oldest used building systems used by human civilization worldwide. These materials offer suitable properties for various applications; however its low resistance in moist environment is their significant weakness. Hence, they were modified by number of additives and admixtures. The flax oil was applied to historic mortars to achieve hydrophobization, additionally this additive has considerable influence on the properties of fresh mixture as well. This paper introduces an experimental study dealing with the influence of flax oil on the properties of fresh lime based mortars with various water-to-binder ratios. The results of rheology properties were accompanied by the determination of mechanical performance, basic shrinkage and bulk density of hardened mortars.

Acoustic insulation properties of lime mortars with natural lightweight aggregate

Porous pozzolan-active aggregate can be used to prepare lightweight lime mortars with high ability to salt accumulation from masonry, enhanced strengths and improved their acoustic and thermal insulation properties, or fire resistance. In this study, the effect of 3 types of natural lightweight aggregate on acoustic insulation properties of air lime mortars, NHL mortars, and cement-lime mortars has been investigated. Measurements of the signal attenuation in the frequency range of 16 Hz to 16 kHz showed the appreciable effect of binder and aggregate used in the mortars. Pumiceous aggregate caused the highest attenuation of the acoustic signal. The natural zeolite seems to be suitable aggregate to NHL and blended lime-cement plasters because it lightens the mortar and positively affects the acoustic attenuation.

The effects of DiloCarB as carbonation accelerator on the properties of lime mortars

This study investigates the effect of the diethyl carbonate as a carbonation accelerator on the carbonation of lime mortars. Two types of lime mortars were prepared, one using lime putty and standard sand and the other using lime putty, dust and fragments of ceramic and standard sand. After a curing time of two weeks, the accelerator product, diethyl carbonate in a solution of ethanol and water, was sprayed on half of the mortars of each type. The differences in the carbonation performance were analyzed at 28, 90, 120 and 180 days using different analytical methods. Apart from the mineralogical and petrographic characterization, the physical, mechanical and hydric properties of the samples were determined. Mechanical tests were conducted only at 90, 120 and 180 days, because at 28 days the lime mortars were considered still too soft. The mortar samples with the accelerator had steadier carbonation and slight changes in their microstructure.

The Effect of Aggregate Type on the Properties of Lime Mortars

Lime mortars represent indispensable building materials that have been used for centuries in civil engineering. Considering the necessity of numerous restoration work on historical buildings, a research of the applicability and suitability of various types of plasters for repairing the historical plasters has been developed. This work presents the applicability of limestone aggregate and limestone fines to aerial lime-based mortars. The role of aggregates on the properties of lime mortars is examined in this paper by comparing pure quartz sand and limestone aggregate and its quantity in the mortar. It was found that limestone aggregate produced the comparable or higher mortar strengths than quartz aggregate and slightly increased porosity, water absorptive capacity and carbonation rate of the mortars. Partially replacement of aggregate by limestone fines has caused dramatic growth in strength, especially in mortars with high content of binder. The applied limestone aggregate is convenient to lime-based mortars and the addition of limestone fines contributes to better mechanical properties of lime mortars.

Microstructural insights into the lime mortars mixed with sticky rice sol–gel or water: A comparative study

This paper is dedicated to studying the effect of sticky rice sol–gel on the microstructure (including pore structure and texture) and properties of lime mortar. Uniaxial compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were utilized to investigate the macroscopic behaviors and microstructure, respectively. Based on the MIP data, a surface fractal dimension analysis is performed to study the impact of sticky rice sol–gel on pore structure. The addition of sticky rice sol–gel is demonstrated to improve the uniaxial compressive strength of lime mortar. The SEM, MIP and surface fractal dimension analysis results show that the addition of sticky rice sol–gel facilitates the formation of compact texture, fine pore structure and elevates the bonding strength of the lime mortar. A microstructrual mechanism is proposed to explain how properties of the lime mortar are affected by the addition of sticky rice sol–gel.

Physico-Chemical, Petrographic, and Mechanical Characteristics of Lime Mortars in Historic Yoros Castle (Turkey)

This study examines the physicochemical, petrographic, and mechanical properties of lime mortars used in construction of Yoros Castle in the Byzantine period (13th–14th centuries ad ). The study of mortar samples has been performed through polarizing and stereomicroscope observations, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, chemical (inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy [ICP-ES] and (high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]), physical, and mechanical analyses. The hydraulic character of the mortars was mostly provided by pozzolanic brick dust and tuff additives. The results of spot tests indicate that the mortars contain protein and organic additives, which were used in their production. Albumin was detected during HPLC analysis, which was performed in order to determine the nature of the ingredients. The presence of albumin and vaterite, of which the latter was determined by XRD analysis, was considered to be the result of egg white content. The ignition loss and acid treatment analyses show that the binder/aggregate ratio varies between 1:2 and 1:3. The porosity ratio of mortars is approximately 30% on the average. According to the results of mechanical tests, average compressive strength of mortars is approximately 9.4 N/mm2, flexural strength is approximately 2.4 N/mm2. Despite their age of approximately 800 years, absence of extensive disintegration in the mortars may well indicate proper techniques of production.

The role of aggregates on the structure and properties of lime mortars

Abstract Lime mortars have been used for centuries in civil engineering construction. Considering ancient monuments and historical buildings it seems that these mortars have proved to be durable and reliable materials although they are of low strength in comparison with cement mortars. Nowadays, they are used for the repair of monuments and for the manufacture of renderings and plasters. In the present paper the role of aggregates on the structure and behaviour of lime mortars is examined by studying the influence of the aggregate content and the grain size on strength, porosity and volume stability of the mortars. Capillary porosity by suction was also measured as an indicator of resistance to weathering. It is shown that coarse aggregates contribute to the volume stability of lime mortars independent of strength enhancement when adequate compaction reduces the capillary pores. The highest strength values, and consequently, the low porosity, were attained by lime mortars of low binder/aggregate ratio which contained aggregates of maximum size 0–4 mm.