Properties Of Collector Research Articles

Investigation In Electrical And Thermal Efficiency Of An Active Cooling Photovoltaic Thermal (Pv/T) Solar System With Taguchi Method

In this study, an attempt was made to optimize the default parameters in various experiments to improve the performance and heat transfer properties of the flat plate solar collector using the Taguchi method. An experimental investigation was carried out using air as working fluid at certain speeds (3.3, 3.9 & 4.5 m/s) on a PV/T collector. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heat transfer characteristics on performance, and the results are evaluated, since the above parameters have a great effect on the performance and heat transfer properties of the flat plate solar collector. Test Design for experiments were the Taguchi L36 Orthogonal Array Design. Experiments were carried out using the results of the outlet temperature of the air, the electrical and thermal efficiency of the collector, and the design of experiments by Taguchi method. The results showed that the selected parameters in this study had a significant effect on the selected responses and the verification results showed a significant improvement in the performance characteristics of the flat plate solar collector. The obtained results were analyzed in the ANSYS fluent program.

Energy and exergy analysis of flat plate solar collector for three working fluids, under the same conditions

The growth and expansion of the population, has caused increased the use of energy in the last few years. One of the cleanest and renewable sources of the energy is the solar energy. The solar energy can be collected by solar collectors. One of the solar collectors is the flat plate solar collector (FPC), that it is used in domestic utilization. Use of various Nano-fluids to improve the thermal properties of solar collectors, considered as one of the most effective method to optimize the flat plate collectors. In this study, a FPC in terms of energy and exergy, for three fluids (water, air and TiO2 Nano-fluid) have been investigated. According to the results obtained and under the same conditions, destruction exergy of water is more than other two fluids and TiO2 Nano-fluid has the least amount of destruction exergy. Also, by increasing in the total radiation on tilted surface (Gt) TiO2 Nano-fluid’s exergy efficiency is more than the other fluids in this study. By increasing ambient temperature, the exergy efficiency decreases, that water has the most variation. Due to the temperature range of the inlet working fluid to the collector’s tubes, observed that outlet temperature of the TiO2 Nano-fluid is about 50°C higher than when water enters it. Therefore, the initial statement about Nano-fluids is confirmed. In appropriate conditions, the collector’s efficiency is between 45% - 50%, thus FPC is one of the best devices for domestic utilization.

Role of Grounded Liquid Collectors in Precise Patterning of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats.

Liquid collectors are applicable as ground collectors in electrospinning, which fabricates complex nanofiber architectures. However, the influence of the electrical properties of liquid collectors on the controlled deposition of electrospun nanofiber mats has received little attention. Here, we prepare two types of liquid collectors (electrolyte solutions and dielectric liquids) and newly scrutinize their roles in the patterning of electrospun nanofiber mats in experiments and in numerical simulations. By simulating the concentrations of the electric fields around the liquid collectors, we indirectly evaluated the patternability of the collectors. The patternability trends were verified by the patterning of nanofiber mats on line-array-shaped liquid collectors fabricated by electrospinning. The deposition accuracy of the electrolyte solution collector was very high, equivalent to that of a conventional metal collector even at low salt concentrations (e.g., 0.01 M KCl). However, the nanofiber mats fabricated by electrospinning with the dielectric liquid collector showed retarded patternability.

RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF THE OPENING OF THE OPERATIONAL OBJECT OF THE PUNGINSKOYE UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

The article presents the results of the analysis of the quality of the opening of Abalak suite of the Pungins-koye underground gas storage using gas-hydrodynamic studies and gives some recommendations for im-provement of the reservoir properties of gas collector.

Modern geodynamics and its influence on the secondary filtration properties of the collectors of the northeast part of the Sakhalin shelf

The complex tectonic structure of the Okhotsk Sea shelf and high geodynamic activity makes it necessary to use of geomechanical modeling for the prediction of the secondary reservoir properties of collectors. 3D model of fractured porosity and permeability for Kirinskoye, Ayashsky and East-Odoptinsky license areas was built. The results of modeling revealed filtration channels where can occur both vertical and horizontal migration of hydrocarbons. It is found that the secondary permeability significantly is different of the upper and lower stratigraphic horizons and the okobykayskaya clay stratum is the surface, which is a regional tire. All calculations were performed on a 3D grid geological model, which allows using the data for hydrodynamic modeling.

Aggregation and deposition of colloidal particles: Effect of surface properties of collector beads

The effect of the surface properties of collector beads on the transport of colloidal particles in porous media has been experimentally investigated. Both batch and continuous column experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of deposition and aggregation of colloids (polystyrene latex sulfate, d=100nm) in contact with collector particles (soda lime glass beads, d=212–300 micron). Various rinsing methods were systematically used to wash the surface of soda lime glass beads. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TR-DLS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) were employed to evaluate the concentration of colloidal particles and their aggregation in columns packed with glass beads. Rinsing of glass beads was found to release the surface ions of collectors into the colloidal suspension and subsequently led to the aggregation of colloids. In batch experiments, leaching-induced increase of ion concentration in the suspension triggered the aggregation process, while, the collision frequency governed the aggregation dynamics later on. In column experiments, however, the initiation of aggregation by released ions was dependent on the length of the column. In a long column, a blocking-ripening mechanism was observed at the lower pH that indicated the concurrent aggregation and deposition of colloidal particles. In a short column, however, the concentration of eluted colloids did not decline over time that revealed incapability of leaching process to initiate aggregation. Furthermore, the solution chemistry was realized to be more effective in determining the fate of colloidal particles inside packed columns than the surface chemistry of collector beads. This study provides valuable insight into the effect of surface properties of collectors on aggregation and deposition of colloidal particles in a packed environment.

Studying flotation properties of new collectors in scheelite-sulfide ore beneficiation

The article studies flotation properties of BTF-1552, IMA-206, and IMA-I413 alkali metal dialkyldithiophosphate samples. The article estimates beneficiation indices when using the reagent M-TF and its mixture with IMA-I413 and xanthogenate. On the basis of undertaken studies it was found that application of the mixture of IMA-I413 collectors with butyl xanthate at the ratio of 5 : 1 and the feed ratio of 20 + 5 g/t made it possible to increase the extraction into the copper concentrate: Cu by 0,79 %, Au by 4,1 % and Ag by 2,4, while the sulfide concentrate yield decreased by a factor of 2. The disadvantage of this reagent composition is the increase in As content in the copper concentrate by 0,67 %. Of all tested dialkyldithiophosphate samples, the best incremental indices of copper and noble metals recovery were obtained when using the BTF-1552collector. The extraction into the copper concentrate increased: Cu by 1,9 %, Au by 3,2 %, and Ag by 1,8 %, while the sulfide concentrate yield decreased by 1,4 times. The increase in As content in the copper concentrate was 0,34 %.

Flotation properties of additional collectors, foaming agents based on acetylenic alcohols

Flotation properties of additional collectors, foaming agents based on acetylenic alcohols

Partial conversion of current collectors into nickel copper oxide electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

A novel substrate sacrifice process is proposed and developed for converting part of a current collector into supercapacitor active materials, which provides a new route in achieving high energy density of supercapacitor device. Part of a copper foam current collector is successfully converted into highly porous nickel copper oxide electrode for light- and high-performance supercapacitors. Remarkably, this strategy circumvents the problem associated with poor contact interface between electrode and current collector. Meanwhile, the overall weight of the supercapacitor could be minimized. The charge transfer kinetics is improved while the advantage of the excellent mechanical properties of metal current collector is not traded off. By virtue of this unique current collector self-involved architecture, the material derived from the current collector manifests large areal capacitance of 3.13 F cm(-2) at a current density of 1 A g(-1). The capacitance can retain 2.97 F cm(-2) at a much higher density (4 A g(-1)). Only a small decay of 6.5% appears at 4 A g(-1) after 1600 cycles. The strategy reported here sheds light on new strategies in making additional use of the metal current collector. Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitor using both solid-state gel electrolyte and liquid counterpart are obtained and analyzed. The liquid asymmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density up to 0.5 mWh cm(-2) (53 Wh kg(-1)) at a power density of 13 mW cm(-2) (1.4 kW kg(-1)).

Effect of the Interface Between Current Collector and LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Composite Cathodes on the Electrode Performance

Introduction Recently, there has been growing interest in switching fabrication of composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to aqueous systems due to advantages in low cost and environmental and safety concerns associated with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) handling 1,2. Aqueous processing has been applied in manufacturing of graphite anodes, but remains challenging for the diverse array of LIB cathodes. Part of the challenges is the poor wetting of cathode slurry on current collector (Al foil), which is due to the the high surface tension of water (72.8 mN/m at 25oC) compared to that of NMP (41.0 mN/m at 25oC).3 In this work, current collectors with three different surface properties were applied for LiNi0.5Mn0,3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) coating. The effect of surface properties of current collectors on electrode performance was characterized by contact angle of NMC532 slurry on the current collectors, adhesion between the NMC532 coating and current collectors, and electrode performance. Experimental NMC532 aqueous suspension was mixed with a planetary mixer and coated by a slot-die coater. The cathode consists of 90wt% NMC532, 5 wt% Denka carbon black, 4 wt% water soluble latex binder, and 1 wt% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as dispersant/binder. Al foils and carbon-coated Al foils were used as the current collector. One Al foil was treated by corona plasma for higher surface energy. The contact angles of NMC532 slurry on current collectors were measured using a goniometer. The adhesion between NMC532 cathode and current collectors was characterized by 180o-peel test. Electrode performance was evaluated in half coin cells. Half cells were assembled with NMC532 and Li metal as the cathodes and anodes, respectively. A Celgard 2325 separator was placed between the cathode and anode. The electrolyte was 1.2 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate (3/7 wt ratio). The cells were cycled between 2.5 and 4.2 V (VSP, BioLogic) for rate performance and cyclic performance. Results The contact angle of NMC532 slurry on the treated Al foil was dramatically decreased from 83.0o to 28.5o when the Al foil was treated by corona treatment, which was due to the increased surface energy on the treated Al foil. The adhesion between the NMC532 cathode and Al foils was also increased from 5.7 to 48.6 N/m after corona treatment on the Al foil. Acknowledgment This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Applied Battery Research (ABR) subprogram (Program Managers: Peter Faguy and David Howell). References (1) Li, J.; Daniel, C.; Wood, D. Journal of Power Sources 2011, 196, 2452. (2) Wood Iii, D. L.; Li, J.; Daniel, C. Journal of Power Sources 2015, 275, 234. (3) Li, J.; Rulison, C.; Kiggans, J.; Daniel, C.; Wood III, D. L. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2012, 159, A1152.

Investigation of heat-collecting properties of asphalt pavement as solar collector by a three-dimensional unsteady model

Using asphalt pavement as a solar collector is a technology of increasing interest in China. Researchers have pointed out that the heat quality of the coolant medium needed further investigation for inter-seasonal storage, though the energy potential of an asphalt solar collector was considerable. In this paper, a three-dimensional unsteady model is developed to investigate the heat-collecting properties of asphalt solar collector at typical Chinese summer time. The temperature rise of outlet water (ΔT) is used as the indicator of heat quality. The results from a big-scale slab of 4 m × 4 m show that ΔT reaches over than 10°C, while the asphalt pavement is cooled down effectively. In addition, the higher the ambient temperature is, the better the heat-collecting properties of asphalt solar collector achieves. It can be concluded that the heat-collecting properties of asphalt solar collector are good enough to provide high-quality heat under certain conditions.

Enhancing Performance of a Lithium Ion Battery by Optimizing the Surface Properties of the Current Collector

Enhancing Performance of a Lithium Ion Battery by Optimizing the Surface Properties of the Current Collector

A New Approach towards Improving the Specific Energy and Specific Power of a Carbon-Based Supercapacitor using Platinum-Nanoparticles on Etched Stainless Steel Current Collector

We report an improved performance of a carbon-based supercapacitor using etched stainless steel (SS) current collector deposited with platinum nanoparticles (PtNs) over bare SS current collector/un-etched SS current collector deposited with PtNs. The PtNs grown on the etched surface of the current collectors provides a better contact with the surface of activated carbon monoliths electrode prepared from pre-carbonized fibres of oil palm empty fruit bunches. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, the energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the different properties of bare SS current collector and the modified current collector. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge results consistently suggest that the deposition of PtNs on the etched surface of the current collector causes an increase in specific capacitance of 10% (from 105 to 115 F g−1), 4% (from 141 to 146 F g−1) and 6% (from 142 to 150 F g−1) respectively. Correspondingly, the specific energy increases from 4.12 to 4.51 Wh kg−1 and specific power from 173 to 196 W kg−1. Also EIS and GCD results respectively show a decrease of 47% (from 1.332 to 0.710 Ω) and 44% (from 1.75 to 0.974 Ω) in equivalent series resistance.

육면체 요소 재구성을 통한 개방형 사다리꼴이 성형된 판재의 탄성 거동 균질화에 대한 연구

The current collector for the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) which has sheared protrusions is manufactured by the three-stage forming process that integrates slitting, preforming and final forming. Due to the repetition of sheared protrusions, an effective simulation method is required to predict the mechanical behavior. In the current study, a sheet with sheared protrusions was assumed to be an orthotropic plate, which has the same length, width and height. FEM simulations were conducted to evaluate the homogenized properties of the current collector, which has 4 (longitudinal direction) x 4 (transverse direction) sheared protrusions. The simulation model was constructed using hexahedral mesh coarsening. From the verification examples, it was found that the proposed simulation method was efficient within reasonable accuracy. The calculated homogenized properties can be applied to the design of a stack for molten carbonate fuel cells and the prediction of mechanical behavior for other applications.

Resource indexes of flat solar water-heating collectors in hot-water-supply systems: Part 3. Source data for calculations that depend on the weight, size, and heat engineering characteristics of the collector and the optic properties of the translucent collector coating

Source data are given for calculating resource indexes of flat solar water-heating collectors (FSWHCs) in hot-water-supply systems (HWSSs) that depend on the weight, size, and heat engineering characteristics of the collectors of the type considered and on the optic properties of their translucent coating.

Modeling the delamination of amorphous-silicon thin film anode for lithium-ion battery

Sputter-deposited amorphous silicon thin films on metallic copper current collectors are widely studied as lithium-ion anode systems. Electrochemical results indicate these electrodes exhibit near theoretical capacity for first few cycles; however delamination at the thin film–current collector interface causes rapid capacity fade leading to poor cycling performance. Primary reason for this interfacial delamination is the mechanical stress generated due to colossal volume expansion of silicon during lithiation. The focus of the current study is to present a mechanistic understanding of the role of mechanical properties of the current collector on this characteristic delamination behavior during electrochemical cycling. Toward this end, we have developed a computational framework that accounts for the coupled diffusion induced large deformation in silicon, elasto-plastic deformation of the current collector, as well as the nucleation and propagation of interfacial delamination. We have also performed a detailed parametric study to investigate the effect of mechanical properties of the current collector on the delamination of the thin film–current collector interface. We have accordingly determined that current collectors with low elastic modulus such as graphite can completely suppress interfacial delamination. Our analysis thus provides a sound mechanistic approach for designing next generation Si thin film anodes with improved capacity retention.

Simulation Research of Angle Action on Fold-Type Board in Air-Heating Collector

In this study a fold-type board collector in air-heating is introduced. The factor of fold-type board collector angle action that contributes to the temperature and velocity field were respectively discussed. Numerical simulation of the thermal properties of fold-type collector on different angle with Fluent software. Numeric simulation calculations shown: the fold-type board collector angle action has a greater influence for the thermal properties of collector in air-heating ,the thermal efficiency when is 30°is better than is 45°and is 60°and under this work simulation condition the optimum angle for folded-type panel air collector will be recommend nearby at =30°.

Influence of pore structural properties of current collectors on the performance of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer

The effect of pore structural properties (porosity and pore diameter) of current collectors in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers on electrolysis performance was experimentally evaluated by using various titanium (Ti)-felt substrates with different porosities and pore diameters (measured by capillary flow porometry) as the anode current collectors. The current–potential (j–ΔV) characteristics were measured, and overpotential analysis was performed based on the j–ΔV characteristics and the cell resistance (Rcell) data. The results showed that (1) the effect of the decrease in water supply on the membrane resistance due to produced gas bubbles is limited when the mean pore diameter of the anode current collector is less than 50μm, but might appear at the concentration overpotential, and (2) enhancing the uniform and sufficient contact between the current collector and the electrode reduces not only the contact resistance but also the activation overpotential.

Experimental study on porous current collectors of PEM electrolyzers

Experimental study on proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was carried out focusing on the effect of pore structural properties of current collectors, such as porosity and pore diameter. Various titanium (Ti)-felt substrates with different porosities and pore diameters (measured by capillary flow porometry) were used as the anode current collector. Results show that when the mean pore diameter of the current collector was larger than 10μm, the electrolysis performance improved with decreasing pore diameter. In contrast, changes in porosity had no significant effect on the cell performance when the porosity exceeded 0.50. The flow pattern of two-phase flow in the flow channel was discussed in terms of its relationship to bubble size and to pore diameter of the current collector. Finally, correlation between the calculated membrane resistance and the measured pore diameter of the current collectors suggest that larger bubbles generated from larger pores tend to become long bubbles in the channel, thus hindering the water supply to the membrane.

Design principles of selective collecting agents

On the ground of the flotation theory requirements to composition of a collector layer adsorbed at the surface of minerals under flotation and depressing, the regularities of the effect exerted by intra-molecular and inter-molecular interactions on physicochemical properties of collectors, the selectivity conditions of the relationship between the functional group of a collector and crystal lattice elements of a mineral, as well as the demands for physical sorption form of collectors, the article couches and validates design principles for selective collecting agents.