Proper Time Research Articles

Dissecting the biochemical and hormonal changes of thidiazuron on defoliation of cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum) to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency

Using chemical defoliants to remove cotton leaves represents a groundbreaking shift in cotton cultivation. The mechanization of cotton harvest is increasing, but a substantial amount of foliage that remains on the plant even at maturity is the major barrier for mechanical harvest. Properly completing mechanical and manual harvests requires artificial leaf detachment through defoliants. Still there is no proper defoliant concentration, application times and mechanism of action available. Therefore, the present study aimed to find an effective defoliant and application time to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency, along with a clear description of the mechanism of actions in cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum). The field experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 and used five concentrations of Thidiazuron defoliant (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300ppm) and Ethephon@0.5% (T2) in cotton variety CO17 to study the physiological, biochemical and hormonal responses at 120, 127 and 134 days after sowing. As a result, the concentrations of plant growth hormones, indole-3 acetic acid (4.9 fold), zeatin (32.7%) and gibberellic acid (7 fold) reduced. In contrast, abscisic acid (48.6%), jasmonic acid (34.9%), salicylic acid (2.15 fold) increased in the T7- Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm) treatment followed by T5-Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm). Additionally, the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cellulase in leaves, petiole and bolls were decreased due to defoliant T5- Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm) followed by T7-Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm), indicating that the hormone concentration, antioxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are ruled out and forces the defoliation process.

Design and Analysis of the Two-Impulse Transfer Orbit for a Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatory

There are plans to set up a space-based gravitational wave observatory that will use an ultra-large-scale laser interferometer in space to detect medium- and low-frequency gravitational waves. Both heliocentric and geocentric formations adopt the method of launching three satellites with one rocket, which has high requirements in terms of the carrying capacity of the rocket. Therefore, a proper transfer design is a prerequisite for achieving space-based gravitational wave detection. In this paper, the transfer orbit for three satellites of the Taiji mission is designed based on the two-impulse transfer model. Moreover, the influence on orbit design of the position of the formation relative to Earth, the initial phase angle of the formation, and the initial time of transfer is analyzed. The Earth-leading and -trailing transfers show opposite patterns in the above three aspects. A smaller velocity increment is required if a proper initial time is selected. After taking into account the stability of the formation, C3, the required velocity increment, transfer time, and the distance to Earth, 20° is determined to be the optimal initial trailing/leading angle.

Retrospective analysis of acute appendicitis in COVID-19 pandemic – A clinical study of 100 cases

Acute appendicitis is a very common abdominal emergency condition. The incidence varies from 5.7 to57 patient /lakh population per year in the world wide survey. It is frequent in both sexes, But highest in children & adolescences. Presentation of this condition is some time so confusing that it should be distinguished from other acute abdominal conditions in proper time and appropriate measures should be taken to treat the patients to avoid unwanted complications, this complication is probably more complicated in COVID-19 pandemic period. This study is designed to compare acute appendicitis cases in relation to clinical features, gradation of disease & post operative complications before COVID-19 (June 2019-March 2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic period (April 2020-October 2021). METHOD-Cases of the study were divided into 2-groups.Group-A (65 cases) in pre- pandemic period and Group-B (35 cases) in pandemic period. The study is based on the clinico-radiological features, laboratories investigations and gradation of disease. Gradation: Grade-I (probably appendicitis), Grade-II (definite appendicitis), Grade-III (perforation of appendices), Grade-IV (appendicular abscess), Grade-V (complicated appendicitis/ appendicular lump). Out of 100 enrolled cases 65 belongs to pre pandemic and 35 in pandemic period. It was found that increase in post-operative complications, were more in higher grade groups during pandemic periods. The COVID-19 pandemic has great impact on diagnosis, treatment and increased complications in post operative period of acute appendicitis, probably due to late presentation in emergency department. Pandemic directly or indirectly affect the outcome of a disease process and management.

A short term credibility index for central banks under inflation targeting: An application to Brazil

Our goal is to provide econometric tools that could act as an almost real-time warning-system for central banks working under an Inflation-Targeting Regime. In any given month, it computes the probability that inflation will remain within the tolerance bounds set in advance by the Regime. So, our short-term index gives a proper response time for Central Banks, something long-term indices prevalent in the literature do not provide. Although we showcase Brazil in our application, our method could be broadly applied to other countries that operate under an Inflation-Targeting Regime. Our key statistic is the probability that inflation will be within the bounds in the next 1- 3- and 6-months ahead. It is based on predictive densities obtained from a mixed causal-noncausal autoregressive (MAR) model. We polish the accuracy of our key statistic using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), something new in this literature.

Physical, Chemical and Enzymatic Changes in Amla (Emblica officinalis) Fruit during Growth and Maturation.

Amla (Emblica officinalis) is one of the most prominent fruits in terms of nutritional and medicinal properties and is utilized for the preparation of many traditional processed foods and in Ayurvedic formulations. This study aims to investigate the enzyme activity and physical and chemical quality parameters during the growth and development stages of amla fruit for the determination of proper harvesting time to get optimum nutrient contents of fruit. The amla fruits of the chakaiya variety were harvested at 135 to 270 days after fruit set (DAFS) in 2021 and 2022 to study the various physical, chemical and enzymatic changes during growth and maturation. The geometrical and gravimetric attributes of the fruit, viz. diameter, height, weight, volume, surface area, sphericity, aspect ratio, and radius of curvature increased. However, density decreased with the growth and maturation of the fruit. Furthermore, the rolling resistance, yellowness index and firmness of the fruit increased during the entire harvesting period of 135 to 270 DAFS. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruits increased only up to 195 DAFS and after that, continuously decreased. In contrast, ascorbic acid concentration grew in the entire growth and development period. Tannic, phenolic compounds and naringin content of the fruit steadily dropped until the final stage of harvest. Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME) activity was detected very low, 0.009 unit/ml at 135 DAFS, but as the fruit grew and matured, activity increased to 0.307 unit/ml at 270 DAFS. Polygalactouronase (PG) activity was not detected until 210 DAFS and, thereforesignificantly increased with maturity. Considering the optimal value of all studied physical, chemical and enzymatic attributes of the fruit during the entire harvesting period of 135 to 270 DAFS, the optimal harvesting time of the fruit was 210 DAFS.

Lived Experiences of Students on Crafting Outputs in Group Performance-Based Task in Physical Education

This study aimed to investigate the experiences of students in group performance-based tasks in Physical Education. In addition, this study also wanted to know the strategies and coping mechanisms of the students employed and their insights regarding group performance-based tasksin Physical Education. This study involved fourteen (14) students, seven (7) of the 14 participants were subjected to an in-depth interview (IDI), while the remaining seven (7) took part in a focus group discussion (FGD). Purposive sampling was used to select participants; data were gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results revealed seven (7) major themes of the participants' experiences: observation of strengthened and happy relationships among groupmates; struggles in time management; observation to uncooperative members; over-reliance on leaders; difficulties in maintaining discipline among members; conflicts in group dynamics; and issues in mental health. Moreover, the participants showcased their strategies and coping mechanisms from the six (6) major themes that emerged including: exercising proper time management; distributing tasks and assignments; extending patience to groupmates; maintaining good communication; establishing support system; and motivating groupmates. Lastly, the participants shared their insights that revealed five (5) major themes: teachers’ instruction and management in group tasks; inculcate the value of teamwork; valuing inclusivity and good communication; cultivate good values in engaging group tasks; and provide learners with skill development activities. Regardless of the difficulties presented by group performance-based tasks in physical education, students worked together to overcome and explore different approaches to develop achievable and efficient ways that improve the implementation and more comprehensive understanding of physical education concepts

Tob Regulates the Timing of Sleep Onset at Night in Drosophila.

Sleep is regulated by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian clock. While tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular components of the core circadian oscillator, the output mechanisms by which this robust oscillator generates rhythmic sleep behavior remain poorly understood. At the cellular level, growing evidence suggests that subcircuits in the master circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals and in the clock network in Drosophila regulate distinct aspects of sleep. Thus, to identify novel molecules regulating the circadian timing of sleep, we conducted a large-scale screen of mouse SCN-enriched genes in Drosophila Here, we show that Tob (Transducer of ERB-B2) regulates the timing of sleep onset at night in female fruit flies. Knockdown of Tob pan-neuronally, either constitutively or conditionally, advances sleep onset at night. We show that Tob is specifically required in "evening neurons" (the LNds and the fifth s-LNv) of the clock network for proper timing of sleep onset. Tob levels cycle in a clock-dependent manner in these neurons. Silencing of these "evening" clock neurons results in an advanced sleep onset at night, similar to that seen with Tob knockdown. Finally, sharp intracellular recordings demonstrate that the amplitude and kinetics of LNd postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) cycle between day and night, and this cycling is attenuated with Tob knockdown in these cells. Our data suggest that Tob acts as a clock output molecule in a subset of clock neurons to potentiate their activity in the evening and enable the proper timing of sleep onset at night.

Area coverage of BINA developed rice, pulse, oilseed and horticultural crop varieties in Bangladesh

The study was conducted to assess the area coverage of BINA developed rice, pulse, oilseed and horticultural crop varieties during 2022-23. Field survey data were collected from 64 districts through concern DD, DAE office. Both tabular and descriptive statistical analysis was used. It was observed that the overall area coverage of BINA developed rice varieties were 8.91%. Among the three seasons; Aus, Aman and Boro the highest area coverage was found in Aman season that was 14.54% followed by Aus 5.95% and Boro 2.93%, respectively. Among the 14 agricultural regions the highest area coverage of rice was found 15.41% in Rajshahi region (Reg-7) and the lowest was found 1.01% in Dhaka region (Reg-11). The overall area coverage of BINA developed pulse varieties were 16.32% and among the 14 regions the highest area coverage for pulses was found in Barishal region 58.51% (Reg-6). The overall area coverage of BINA developed oilseed varieties were 23.46% and among the 14 regions the highest area coverage for oilseed was found in Jashore region 16.32% (Reg-13). Among the BINA developed horticultural varieties the highest area coverage was found 4.46% for Binalebu-1 followed by Binahalud-1 (0.93%) and Binatomato-10 (0.36%). It was also observed that, among the 14 regions the highest area coverage for Binalebu-1 and Binahalud-1 were found in Rangamati agricultural region (region-4) about 483 ha (87.26%) and 45 ha (18.19%), respectively. The study identified that the overall area coverage of BINA developed rice, pulse and oilseed crops for distributed seed were 0.93%, 1.41% and 3.45%, respectively. The study also observed some constraints such as-non availability of seed, lack of training, demonstrations, field day, collaboration etc. For continuation of variety expansion, the institute should ensure quality seed supply in proper time and training, demonstration as well as collaboration among other research institutes, DAE, BADC and NGOs should be emphasized. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(2): 89-107, 2023

Relativistic dynamics of moving mirrors in CFT2 : Quantum backreaction and black holes

There is a well-known correspondence between the physics of black hole evaporation and that of moving mirrors in quantum field theory (QFT). However, most analyses in this subject rely on prescribed mirror trajectories. Here, we study the flat-space dynamics of 1+1-dimensional conformal field theories interacting with a relativistic boundary particle of mass m acting as a perfect mirror. The trajectory of the latter is not fixed but follows its own relativistic equation of motion Fμ=maμ. For given initial conditions at past null infinity, we find the boundary particle’s trajectory and the reflected energy-momentum of the quantum fields. For incoming vacuum states, the solution yields mirror orbits that correspond to extremal black holes. For the class of incoming states that produce orbits becoming null in finite proper time—corresponding to the formation of a horizon—at the classical level, the quantum backreaction avoids this endpoint rendering the mirror’s velocity finite in light cone coordinates. We investigate the behavior of the averaged null energy condition, which in this setup reduces to a boundary term. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Rational Prescribing of Pancreatic Enzymes for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.

Most patients with pancreatic cancer at some point present with symptoms related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). These include diarrhea, abdominal bloating, indigestion, steatorrhea, weight loss, and anorexia. Even though up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients eventually present with symptoms related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, only 21% are prescribed pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Its effectiveness is also highly dependent on its proper timing of administration, and patients must be thoroughly educated about this. The impact of symptoms of EPI can lead to poorer overall well-being. Pharmacists play a crucial role in properly educating patients on the correct use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. PERT is a key strategy in managing the symptoms of EPI and can improve quality of life, which is a central focus in palliative care. This treatment is profoundly underutilized in the palliative care of these patients. The objective of this review is to discuss the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, side effects, available evidence of the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme use for patients with pancreatic cancer, and challenges, along with proposed solutions regarding its use.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

Heat treatment is necessary for GW63K (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr, wt%) alloy fabricated by wire are additive manufacturing (WAAM) to improve the mechanical properties before final applications. Considering the unique solidification process and microstructure of WAAMed GW63K alloys, the heat treatment parameters must be different from the cast or forged ones. Thus, the present paper investigated the influence of solution temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAMed GW63K, as well as the aging temperature and time. It was found that the as-deposited alloy exhibited fine equiaxed α-Mg grains with an average size of 13 μm and few eutectic phase Mg24(Gd, Y)5 around the grains. The proper temperature of solution treatment was 480℃ and the proper time was 0.5 h, lower and shorter than cast ones. After solution treatment, the average size of α-Mg grains almost remained the same and nearly all of the eutectic phase dissolved. To exert precipitation strengthening to a larger extent, we conduct aging treatment at 175°C, 200°C, and 225°C and draw their age-hardening curves. Besides, a superior strength /ductility trade-off was obtained peak aging at 200°C for 80 h, with the ultimate tensile strength of 337±8 MPa, yielding strength of 231±2 MPa, and elongation of 8.9±1.0%. This outstanding strength can be accounted for by the refinement strengthening of fine microstructure inherited from as-deposited GW63K alloy and precipitation strengthening from dense β′ precipitates with a remarkable plate aspect ratio. Besides, suitable β′ precipitates could support a favorable work hardening effect and compatible deformation capability.

ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL ACUITY AND COMPLICATIONS POST CATARACT SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH UVEITIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim and Objectives Aim:To study the visual acuity and operative complications after cataract surgery in patients with uveitis in tertiary care hospital Objectives: 1.To study factors affecting visual acuity. 2.To study surgical complications post cataract surgery in uveitis patients. Materials and Methods:A total of 18 patients were taken, data was collected from all the selected patients using a structured proforma meeting the objectives of the study. • Inclusion Criteria:1.All complicated cataract patients attending ophthalmology OPD 2.A quite eye (without inflammation) for atleast 3 months • Exclusion Criteria: 1.Cataract due to causes other than uveitis 2.Patients with posterior segment pathology Patients were scheduled for follow up on post op day 1, day 3 , day 7 , day 15, day 30, day 60, day 90. Results: The prevalance was more common in males compared to females. Out of 18 patients, 14 (77%) underwent SICS with PCIOL implantation and 4 (22%) underwent phacoemulsification with PCIOL. Intra-operative complications were noted as small non-dilating pupil, peripheral anterior synechiae, pupillary membrane, incomplete capsulorhexis, iris prolapse. In 7 (38%) patients sphincterectomy was done and in 4 (22%) patients stretch pupilloplasty was done. Immediate post-op complications that were noted were anterior chamber reaction and pigment dispersion. Late post-op complications that were noted were posterior capsular opacification Dense posterior synechiae were encountered in 12 (66%) patients and excessive conjunctival bleeding in 6(33%) patients. There was improvement in visual outcomes as follows 8 patients had 6/6 vision, 6 patients had 6/18 vision where as remaining 4 patients had 6/36 vision due to early development of posterior capsular opacification. Conclusion: Cataract development is a very common occurrence in any form of anterior and intermediate uveitis because of chronic intraocular inflammation, long term use of corticosteroids. Reported incidence of cataract in uveitic patients is about 25% in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 75% in chronic anterior uveitis. It is possible to achieve successful visual outcomes following cataract surgery in uveitis by proper management of pre-operative inflammation and close post-operative observation. Management of uveitic cataract requires careful case selection, proper timing of surgery, and close monitoring with appropriate handling of complications that may occur.

Supply-demand Gap of Formal Seeds for Fodder and Green Manure Crops in the Eastern Plain Zone of U.P.

Background: Formal seed is the most critical input to enhance the productivity of fodder and green manure crops. Better accessibility of formal seeds of fodder and green manure can ensure twin effects- productivity and sustainability. The present study throws the light in respect of the supply-demand gap of formal seeds, causes and seed replacement rates of fodder and green manure crops. Methods: The study was based on a survey conducted on a well-structured schedule during 2022 and 2023. Three stages of random sampling were adopted to select the Blocks, Villages and farmers. One bock with 06 villages and 60 farmers (10 farmers from each village) was selected randomly from each district for the study. So that study was comprised of a total of 05 blocks, 30 Villages and 300 farmers. Result: The study found that there was a gap in the supply-demand of formal seeds of fodder and green manure crops. The study further reported an inverse relationship between farm size and use of the formal seeds for fodder and green manure crops. The seed replacement rate (SRR) was less for all categories of farms. Farm size is negatively associated with seed replacement rate. Low SRR signifying the need to strengthen the seed supply systems. It was further observed the seeds from the informal sector were given less preference by formers, in terms of quality, over to formal seeds provided by public and private sectors. Despite this, the reason for the gap was that the formal seeds belonging to the public sector were not available in proper time and quantity. The availability of seeds of desired varieties through the public sector was also an issue of concern. Whereas, access to formal seeds belonging to the private sector was limited due to higher prices in comparison to the farmers’ saved seeds and formal seeds of the public sector causing a supply-demand gap for the fodder and green manure crops.

Outcome of dynamic locked plate in treatment of intracapsular femur neck fracture

Background: The ideal surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures is still debatable. When internal fixation is used, many implants are available. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome following fixation of intracapsular femur neck fractures using the Targon-FN system (B. Braun, AG. Melsungen, Germany) comparing the results with a similar study done by the manufacturer and to assess risk factors associated with complications. Methods: A prospective interventional case series involved 30 consecutive patients aged from 23 to 82 (Mean 49 years) treated at Al-Jalaa trauma hospital in Benghazi- Libya in period from January 2016 to July 2017, for an intracapsular femur neck fracture with Targon-FN system. According to Garden classification 9 fractures (30%) undisplaced and 21 (70%) were displaced fractures, with 2 patients (6.7%) had type I, 7 patients (23.3%) had type II, 7 patients (23.3%) had type III and 14 patients (46.7%) had type IV fracture. Epidemiological data were collected. Patients were followed-up for 2 years (average 16 months). Joint function was assessed clinically by using Harris hip score (HHS) and fracture healing by radiological assessment at sex weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and finally at 2 years. Complications were recorded. Statistical analysis done to predict risk factors associated with reoperation and complications. Results: Sixteen patients (53.3%) developed one or more complications. Complications were higher than those of manufacturer’s study and included avascular necrosis (53.3%, n=16), nonunion (30%, n=9), blown out implant (16.66%, n=5), loosening screw (3.3%, n=1), and deep infection (3.3%, n=1). In total, 5 patients required total hip replacements. At end of 2 years 19 patients (63%) had poor result, one patient (3.3%) had fair result, 1 patient (3.3%) had good result and 9 patients (30%) had excellent result according to HHS. Delayed surgery, fracture displacement, surgeon’s experience, age ≥40 years and time to postop weight bearing recognized as risk factors for complications. Conclusions: A minimally-invasive surgery of Targon FN justifies use of this system for the preservation of the patient’s hip joint, early rehabilitation and mobilization. Complications and re-operation could be minimized by performing surgery within 24-48 hours, provision of skillful surgeons, and proper timing of postoperative weight bearing. The main limitation is the small number of cases and short follow-up averaged at 16 months.

Effects of different combinations of artificial ageing and warm forming on Ω phase and S phase evolutions in an Al-5.1Cu-1.0Mg-0.4Ag high strength aluminum alloy

Unlike common age-hardening materials, deformation prior to artificial ageing has been found to adversely affect the hardness of AA2040 aluminum alloy. To prevent this disadvantage, the effects of four different combinations of warm forming and artificial ageing at 200 °C on the microstructures and Vickers hardness of Al-5.1Cu-1.0Mg-0.4Ag aluminum alloy have been investigated. Among the four different combinations, the combination of 5% warm forming +1 h ageing yielded the lowest hardness value (154 HV), while that of 40 min ageing + 5% warm forming + 20 min ageing yielded the highest (169 HV). It is presumed that the proper timing of inducing dislocations by warm forming is decisive. The appropriate combination of warm forming and artificial ageing, i.e., 40 min + 5%+20 min treatment, produces a suitable amount of Ω phase during the first-stage ageing (40 min ageing), induces dislocations in the subsequent warm forming (5% deformation), and causes the significant amount of lath-like S phase to form on dislocations during the final-stage ageing (20 min ageing), thus enhancing the overall mechanical strength.

Pion-photon and kaon-photon transition distribution amplitudes in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model* *Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology (YKJ202352), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20191472), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721564)

The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is utilized to investigate the pion- and kaon-photon leading-twist transition distribution amplitudes using proper time regularization. Separately, the properties of the vector and axial vector pion-photon transition distribution amplitudes are examined, and the results meet the desired properties. Our study involves sum rule and polynomiality condition. The vector and axial vector pion-photon transition form factors that are present in the process are the first Mellin moments of the pion-photon transition distribution amplitudes. The vector transition form factor originates from the internal structure of hadrons, the axial current can be coupled to a pion, this pion is virtual, and its contribution will be present independently of the external hadrons. The kaon transition form factors are similar. The vector form factor's value at zero momentum transfer is determined by the axial anomaly, while this is not the case for the axial one. The vector and axial form factors, as well as the neutral pion vector form factor , are depicted. According to our findings, the pion axial transition form factor is harder than the vector transition form factor and harder than the electromagnetic form factor. We also discuss the link between and transitions distribution amplitudes.

Manipulation and Wakefield Effects on Multi-Pulse Driver Beams in PWFA Injector Stages

Particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) exploits the intense wakefields excited in a plasma by a high-brightness driver beam in order to accelerate a trailing, properly delayed witness electron beam. Such a configuration offers notable advantages in achieving very large accelerating gradients that are suitable for applications in particle colliders and photon production. Moreover, the amplitude of the accelerating fields can be enhanced by resonantly exciting the plasma using a multi-pulse driver beam with a proper time structure. Before the injection into the plasma stage, the pulsed electron beam, conventionally termed the comb beam, is usually produced and pre-accelerated in a radio-frequency (RF) linear accelerator (linac). In this pape, we discuss challenging aspects of the dynamics that comb beams encounter in the RF injector stage preceding the plasma. In particular, the examples we analyze focus on the use of velocity bunching to manipulate the time structure of the beam and the impact of dipole short-range wakefields on the transverse emittances. Indeed, both processes crucially affect the phase space distribution and its quality, which are determinant features for an efficient acceleration in the plasma. In addition, the analyses we present are performed with the custom tracking code MILES, which utilizes semi-analytical models for a simplified evaluation of wakefield effects in the presence of space charge forces.

Investment Management and Portfolio Strategies

Investing in equities market needs to requires time, knowledge and constant monitoring of the financial market. For those that need an expert to assist to manage their investments, portfolio managementservice (PMS) comes as a solution . The business of portfolio management has never been a simple one.Juggling the limited choices at hand with the dual requirements of adequate safety and sizeable returns may be a task fraught with complexities. Given the unpredictable nature of the sell requires solid experience and powerful research to form the proper decision. within the end it boils right down to make the proper move within the right direction at the proper time. That‘s where the expert comes in. Portfolio management services includes functions as such merchant banking activities which were recognized by SEBI and these activities are often rendered by SEBI authorized portfolio managers or discretionary portfolio managers. A portfolio manager by the help of his or her knowledge, background and knowledge may help his clientsto form investment in profitable avenues. A portfolio manager has got to suits the provisions of the SEBI (portfolio managers) rules and regulations, 1993. This project also includes the various services rendered by the portfolio manager. It includes varaious functions to be performed by the concerned portfolio manager. What is the difference between the worth of your time and money? In other words, we should learn to separate time from money. When it involves the importance of your time , what percentage folks believe that point is money. We all know that the work done by us is calculated by units of your time . have you ever ever considered the difference between an employee who is functioning on an hourly rate and therefore the other who is functioning on salary basis? the sole difference between them is of the unit of your time . regardless of whether you get your pay by the hour, bi-weekly, or annually; one thing common altogether is that the quantity is paid to you consistent with amount of your time you spent on working. In some or other words, time is very important and holds far more importance than money. that's the rationale the time is taken into account as a crucial think about wealth creation. The project also showsthe factors that one considersfor creating an investment decision.

Pengaruh Lama Pengeringan Cabinet Drying Terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Manisan Kering Pala Banda

The research aimed to determine the proper drying time to produce dried sweets banda nutmeg with the best chemical and organoleptic properties. This study used a completely randomized design with one factorial with four treatment levels: sun drying, drying cabinet dryer 18, 19, and 20 hours. The parameters analyzed were chemical tests (moisture content, ash content, and total sugar) and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, texture, overall). The results showed that treatment with a drying time of 18 hours produced the best-sweets banda nutmeg with chemical characteristics of 11.44% water content, 0.84% ​​ash content, 45.89% total sugar, and based on the hedonic organoleptic test showed like color (3 .20), liking (3.04), liking texture (3.08). In contrast, for hedonic quality, it offers a brown-yellow color (2.48), nutmeg flavor (3.36), and slightly chewy texture (2.16 ).

Is 3 weeks a proper time point for the diagnosis of grade B POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy?

Background: In 2016, the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) improved the definition of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) which defines one of diagnostic criteria for progression of biochemical leak (BL) to grade B fistula as drain for more than 3 weeks. However, we found patients with BL after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) in our medical center usually progressed to grade B fistula within 3 weeks, which is inconsistent with diagnostic criteria (more than 3 weeks) described in the guidelines. The objective of this study was to investigate the time point at which patients with BL progressed to grade B fistula after PD or LPD. Methods: We selected patients from June 2013 to October 2022 as the research subjects. We used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to calculate the cutoff value of the time point when BL progressed to grade B fistula. Results: The cutoff value of the time point at which BL progresses to grade B fistula was postoperative day (POD) 9.5. The sensitivity and specificity were 63.6% and 81.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The cutoff value of time point of BL progression to grade B fistula was 9.5, which indicated that we do not need to define grade B fistula as drain for more than 3 weeks. We considered that a too-late time point might delay the timely diagnosis and treatment of grade B fistula and further optimization of the definition of grade B fistula was necessary.