Proper Relationship Research Articles

The Modern Characteristics of Anti-Tuberculosis Care Support of Population of the Chechen Republic

Despite a steady tendency of decreasing of indices of morbidity of tuberculosis of population of the Chechen Republic, the problems related to early diagnosis of tuberculosis and organization of specialized medical care of patients continue to be unresolved. The questionnaire survey of administrators of anti-tuberculosis medical organizations of the Chechen Republic was carried out with the purpose of establishing difficulties in medical care support of patients with tuberculosis and determining main directions of their overcoming. The results of study demonstrated that main problems are asocial behavior of patients, inadequate staffing of institutions with medical and paramedical personnel, absence of proper relationship with other medical organizations, inadequate level of financing. The administrators indicated as main directions of solving problems increasing of remuneration of labor of medical personnel of anti-tuberculosis medical organizations, development of social defense of patients, physicians and population, alteration of actual normative legal base according to modern social economic conditions, enhancement of preventive direction of work, optimization of manning table and standards of work load of physicians and also development of tactics of treatment and re-organization of dispensary observation of patients with tuberculosis.

In Memoriam : Clark Byse

Clark Byse was a member of that great generation of scholars that created administrative law. He worked with Walter Gellhorn, Louis Jaffe, Kenneth Culp Davis, Nat Nathanson, and a handful of others. They began with a few traditional common law rules, a new federal statute, a group of New Deal agencies, and a growing number of judicial decisions. They formed these materials into more coherent legal principles, approaches, and systems of interpretation. They helped to define the proper relationship between citizen and government in a world that must rely upon administrative expertise to translate the electorate’s desires into effective policy and action. In a word, Clark and those few others were the intellectual architects of the modern democratic administrative state. Clark Byse as scholar participated fully in that great enterprise. His casebook with Walter Gellhorn, now in its tenth edition, is a legal classic.1 He did not limit his writing to administrative law, however, for he also wrote much of value about, for example, contracts, civil procedure, and academic freedom. Clark Byse as teacher taught administrative law and contract law to generations of law students. His object was to transmit what we call “legal thinking” — the disciplined, critical, purpose-oriented approach that underlies American law. Indeed, Clark made a point of telling his students, “[N]ever forget that the emphasis in this class is on what and how you think, not on what some judge or treatise writer or

The feasibility of online dispute resolution in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the perceptions of three major stakeholders – bankers, lawyers and customers – in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia to assess their behavioural intention to use the proposed online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanism.Design/methodology/approachThe study modifies the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) within the context of ODR and its feasibility in the Malaysian Islamic banking industry. The model was extended to include trust in technology and trust in bank, which might have significant influences on the intentions of major stakeholders to use ODR for banking-related disputes. Actual use of the ODR was not included in the model as specified in the original UTAUT. Based on an internet survey, responses were obtained from about 109 respondents. The data obtained were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses.FindingsResults obtained indicate that trust in technology and effort expectancy are the most influencing determinants of the behavioural intention to use ODR among stakeholders in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. However, performance expectancy and social influence did not produce significant effects on behavioural intention.Research limitations/implicationsApplying ODR in the banking industry in Malaysia will contribute to sustainable banking businesses in major Islamic finance jurisdictions. Being the most advanced region in global Islamic banking business, Asia sets the pace through theoretical and empirical studies in exploring innovative ideals such as ODR to promote sustainable business that not only ensures proper customer relationship management but also promotes consume protection.Practical implicationsResults obtained suggest that the increasing use of internet banking will make ODR the preferable mechanism for dispute resolution in small-scale disputes in retail banking. This will also require some form of predictability, enforceability and Shari‘ah compliance in the process of dispute resolution for the major stakeholders to have full confidence in the ODR mechanism. The recently introduced Financial Ombudsman Scheme in the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 of Malaysia is expected to serve as a good legal basis for the ODR mechanism.Originality/valueThis appears to be one of the earliest attempts to examine the application of ODR in resolving Islamic banking disputes with a detailed analysis on its legal basis and implication.

On the Relationship between Medical Ethics and the Law.

In his comments on Bland, Lord Justice Hoffmann stated that 'I would expect medical ethics to be formed by the law rather than the reverse'. But what judges expect, and what they have a right to expect, are different things; I shall use Hoffmann LJ's statement as a way into looking at the relationship between ethics and law, and argue that it is partially correct insofar as that it makes a prediction about that relationship. Professional ethics and codes of ethics are shaped by law; but law is shaped by those codes to some extent, and both are influenced by 'philosophical ethics'. As a normative claim, Hoffmann LJ's statement is more compelling; but he also distinguished between 'medical ethics' and 'morality', and this merits exploration. There remains a question about the proper relationship between law, ethics, and morality that I shall address.

Correction of Secondary Alveolar Clefts with Iliac Bone Grafts.

Introduction:Cleft lip and palate deformities are one of the most common birth defects. The alveolar cleft requires bony repair to allow proper eruption of dentition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate success in the repair of alveolar clefts with iliac bone grafts.Aim:The aim of this study is to restore the function and form of both arches with a proper occlusal relationship and eruption of tooth in the cleft area.Subjects and Methods:Five patients were selected irrespective of sex and socioeconomic status and whose age was within the mixed dentition period. The iliac crest is grafted in the cleft area and subsequently evaluated for graft success using study models, periapical, and occlusal radiographs.Results:At the time of evaluation, teeth were erupted in the area and good alveolar bone levels were present. Premaxilla becomes immobile with a good arch form and arch continuity. There are no major complications regarding pain, infection, paresthesia, and hematoma formation at donor site without difficulty in walking. There is no complication regarding pain, infection, exposure of graft, rejection of graft, and wound dehiscence at the recipient site except in one case.Conclusions:Long-term follow-up is required to achieve maximum advantage of secondary alveolar grafting; the age of the patient should be within the mixed dentition period, irrespective of sex and socioeconomic status. It may be unilateral or bilateral.

Plain access to justice and the orthodontist's activity in Brazil: vulnerability in the professional practice in the face of risks of malpractice lawsuits.

ABSTRACTObjective: the present study aimed at evaluating the risks and vulnerability of orthodontists to legal compensation actions and verifying the hypothesis of these health care professionals having little knowledge concerning their rights and obligations as service providers. Methods: Three groups were formed to participate in a semi-structured interview. The first group had thirteen law professionals, the second group was composed of eleven orthodontists and the third group was made up of nine randomly selected orthodontic patients. Results: Relevant aspects related to the exercise of the professional activity of orthodontists that influence on the vulnerability of orthodontists in lawsuits were identified. After transcription, reading, and comparing the answers of the interviews, items capable of influencing judicial decisions, from the standpoint of Brazilian Justice Courts, were evaluated. Conclusion: It was verified that Brazilian orthodontists do not have adequate formation concerning the legal consequences of the exercise of their professional activity. Orthodontists also failed to establish proper contractual relationship, organize orthodontic records, and, most importantly, failed in communicating the risks and the therapeutic processes to patients during all phases of treatment.

A Methodology for Calculating Customer Credit Score Based on Customer Lifetime Value Model

Proper customer relationship management is among the facets that contribute to productivity at institutions. It is a requirement for customer relationship managers, especially at financial and credit institutions and at banks, to calculate and determine the customer’s creditworthiness and credit score. The aim of this study is to present a solution for calculating the customers’ value and their credit score without incurring the costs for collecting extra information. The primary source of data for this study is operation system database. Due to differences among operation systems, a comprehensive schema of the database is defined first. Only conventional indices and variables have been used in this schema, so that the presented solution can be generalized and will be applicable to most economic institutions. The calculation of the customer’s creditworthiness is performed with regard to the three variables of the “recency” of contact, the “frequency” of transactions, and the “monetary” amount. The collected data is divided into the two populations of “good” and “bad” customers. Variables from those two populations that possess significant differences are identified using statistical methods. Those variables are used in determining the customer’s credit score. Next, a solution is presented for comparing the efficiency of the models for the identification of the customer’s credit score. We will test and compare two statistical methods, the Logistic Regression model and the Fisher Discriminant Analysis, and two soft computing methods, the Multilayer Perception Network and the Vector Machine for determining the customer’s credit score. Additionally, a solution is offered for setting the number of layers and the number of neurons in the Multilayer Perception Network.

Relación familia-escuela en el contexto rural. Miradas desde las familias

The article presents the results of a research aimed at revealing the representations that parents have on the family-school relationship in the rural context of Quillon, Chile. Qualitative methodology is used, using in-depth interview. Twenty subjects are interviewed. Some results indicate that families give teachers a key part to establish a proper family-school relationship. This representation is based on the recognition of the bureaucratic nature of the school. How the family involvement is modelled is determined by the relevance assigned to the school success of their children. Indeed, moments, instances and ways in which families participate are related to the value assigned to them to enhance academic results.

Democracy, Liberty (the Right), and the Good: Seeking a Proper Relationship for a Moral China

Democracy, Liberty (the Right), and the Good: Seeking a Proper Relationship for a Moral China

Power, Control and Citizenship: The Uluru Statement from the Heart as Active Citizenship

Who governs and how they govern is central to the questions of power, control and citizenship that are at the core of a democratic society. The Uluru Statement from the Heart is the outcome of the 12 First Nations Regional Dialogues culminating in the National Constitutional Convention at Uluru in May 2017. There the First Peoples from across the country formed a consensus position on the form constitutional recognition should take. This article argues that the Uluru Statement from the Heart affirms a commitment to ‘active citizenship’ that draws from a belief in the equal power of the governors and the governed. This understanding of the Uluru Statement from the Heart enables it to be promoted as a document for all Australians, both in the spirit of reconciliation and in its affirmation of a commitment to an equality underpinning Australian citizenship in the 21st century. By examining how citizenship in Australia has evolved as a legal concept and by reflecting on how law is a fundamental tool for providing a ‘meaningful limitation of the lawgiver’s power in favour of the agency of the legal subject’, this article examines the Uluru Statement from the Heart as a commitment to the importance of recognising the nature of the proper relationship between the law giver and those subject to the law — the citizenry. To exercise power within a democratic framework, as opposed to brute force or sheer will over the subject, involves recognising the agency of the citizenry. This idea not only enables reconciliation to be a meaningful and restorative act but one that recalibrates the exercise of power in Australia to benefit all Australians by affirming a commitment to all Australians equal citizenship as active agents.

Płynność finansowa jako istotne kryterium oceny przedsiębiorstwa

The article discusses financial liquidity considered as a leading indicator of company performance. Financial liquidity is a function of shaping the proper relationship of receipts to expenditure in the management process. Its essence, methods of determination and analysis are presented on the basis of the balance sheet and cash flow statement, showing liquidity ratios, their classification and interpretation. The survey of financial liquidity in Polish companies was based on the example of unit financial statements of PKN Orlen SA. for the years 2013–2016. Cash flow and static and dynamic liquidity ratios were analysed. Research methods include a review of the literature on reporting, liquidity and financial analysis, interpretation of related legislation, analysis of financial statements, and inference. The results confirm that liquidity, which ensures a company’s balance and stability, is today the most important parameter in assessing a company.

The concept of sustainable development in spatial management of mountain settlement units

Relationship between the built environment and nature is particularly noticeable in areas with valuable natural assets. The special physiographic conditions over there often initiate the development of towns, becoming even the impetus for the new, modern settlement. Many times the environmental advantages, paradoxically turn into theirs doom. Building imprints mark. Initially, it becomes the model complement with the natural world, until it does not exceed the difficult to define boundaries. The aim of this thesis is to search for solutions that will allow for spatial sustainability between the built and natural environments of the Karkonosze. The attractive mountain area used for sports and tourism now meets with the processes of urbanization. These issues are subject to analysis by the use of comparative method providing the different concepts of towns located in the high mountain areas of Austria. Described resorts with well-developed ski and tourism infrastructure can be examples of saving the scale and unique character, despite growing new needs and expectations of tourists and athletes. There is a chance to evolve their own local standards for space use in the Karkonosze. Key findings relate inter alia the size and the level of density of the villages. Because they affect the possibility of maintaining a proper relationship between man and nature. The issue of protection and use of historical complexes in the context of efficient space management is not without a significance.

“Frankenstein” – an Example of the Reduction of Selfhood in Gothic Literature

The paper defnes and thematises the concept of selfhood in the context of Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein , as one of the cult novels of Gothic literature. First, the focus is on the constant attempt to reduce selfhood – its choking and limitations – despite the fact that selfhood is, in itself, a largely psychobiologically indeconstructible category and anthropological fact. First of all, the paper shows a constant negation, forced denial and tyranny over otherness within selfhood (otherness as oneself) and the consequent suffering of Victor Frankenstein – the tyrant of his own otherness. Оtherness, which is physicalised through Frankenstein’s monster in the novel, is its own otherness or the alterity of Victor's selfood which he increasingly rejects and demonises at the expense of the decomposition of his selfhood. At the same time, relying on Paul Ricoeur’s theoretical insights in the book Oneself as Another , the paper attempts to point both to the impossibility of understanding the man in the context of rigidly deterministic social norms and to the unwholesomeness of his selfhood (ipseity) without the acceptance and recognition of the existence of otherness. In other words, the paper insists on the dialectic relationship between selfhood (ipseity) and otherness (alterity) as the original, archetypal relationship between selfhood and otherness in order to understand the individual as a whole. In fact, the paper proves that selfhood (Victor) and otherness (the creature, the monster) are not aspects of a man which should be looked upon as mutually disjunctive: they are mainly complementary. Therefore, Frankenstein , as an illustrative example of Gothic literature, points to the necessity of their consideration as such, which represents a big challenge on the way to establishing the proper relationship to selfhood. Finally, this classic of Gothic literature sharply criticises the reductionist, split selfhood and points to the need for a constant search for the archetypally indivisible selfhood – selfhood in which both self and Otherness are integral, inalienable parts of the same whole.

Corrupting the Youth: Xenophon and Plato on Socrates and Alcibiades

Socrates’ students, who are attracted by the philosophic life, offer starkly different portraits of Alcibiades, the most illustrious among Socrates’ students who chose a political life. Their presentations diverge particularly on the nature of Alcibiades’ relationship with his teacher. This article argues that Xenophon and Plato’s contrasting presentations of Alcibiades shed light on their own disagreement on the proper relationship between philosophy and political life.

Pascal's Modernity

ABSTRACTPascal can be readily inserted into familiar characterizations of the emergence of modernity (man’s alienation from the cosmos). He himself theorized the proper relationship between innovation (legitimate in the physical sciences) and traditional authority (legitimate especially in theology). While accepting the mechanistic philosophy and in particular the rigid Cartesian distinction between immaterial and corporeal substance, he registers its divergence from our spontaneous understanding of experience; we find him encountering the view of one of his religious mentors that Cartesian science has deprived the cosmos of its spiritual significance as an image of the creator. His relationship to Latour’s conception of (non-)modernity is considered. Though many of his attitudes are uncongenial to modern secular humanism, his theologically-motivated rejection of the concept of nature as normative has surprising echoes in aspects of twenty-first century thought and culture.

Pascal’s modernity

ABSTRACTPascal can be readily inserted into familiar characterizations of the emergence of modernity (man’s alienation from the cosmos). He himself theorized the proper relationship between innovation (legitimate in the physical sciences) and traditional authority (legitimate especially in theology). While accepting the mechanistic philosophy and in particular the rigid Cartesian distinction between immaterial and corporeal substance, he registers its divergence from our spontaneous understanding of experience; we find him encountering the view of one of his religious mentors that Cartesian science has deprived the cosmos of its spiritual significance as an image of the creator. His relationship to Latour’s conception of (non-)modernity is considered. Though many of his attitudes are uncongenial to modern secular humanism, his theologically-motivated rejection of the concept of nature as normative has surprising echoes in aspects of twenty-first century thought and culture.

Trade Integration in a Layered System of International Law

Central to the attainment of West Africa's regional integration objectives is the free movement of Community citizens across national boundaries. This was an implicit acknowledgement by the founding fathers of ECOWAS of the fact that when people move from one member state to another, they carry along with them, not just their skills or requisite know-how, but also physical articles of trade. In other words, free movement of persons within the region would necessarily precipitate a like movement of goods and services across the region, thereby enhancing opportunities for market integration and efficiency. Accordingly, efforts were made through legal instrumentation to create an enabling environment which would facilitate the free movement of persons within the region. Notwithstanding, the multilayered system of laws in the region has operated to undermine the application and enforceability of such regional legal instruments at member-state level. Regional integration in West Africa continues to suffer several setbacks largely as a result of member states’ failure to comply with their treaty obligations. This article takes the view that defining a proper relationship between ECOWAS law and the national law of member states is central to the attainment of the region's aspirations of socio-economic and political integration. This would require a system that obliges member states to effectively cede part of their sovereignty to a regional body on such common issues like trade and thus recognise related regional laws as taking precedence over domestic laws as far as such issues are concerned.

Człowiek jako kapitał? Przyczynek do krytyki teorii kapitału ludzkiego

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Compliance with Antihypertensive Medication in Family Practice

Background: Noncompliance to treatment in chronic diseases such as hypertension is a very common phenomenon, owing to its chronic nature, lack of obvious symptoms, affordability, doctor-patient relationship, unawareness of complication, and forgetfulness. This noncompliance negatively affects disease course and increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1999, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: drug compliance, hypertension medication compliance, antihypertensive drug compliance, factors affecting compliance, medication compliance. Aim: Our aim in carrying out this study was to understand the status of medication compliance among hypertensive patients, studying the factors that affect it, and exploring ways to improve compliance.Conclusion: We have noticed in the review that there is direct correlation between noncompliance and lack of proper doctor-patient relationship, patient education, and patients’ belief about disease and treatment. Improvement on such factor can benefit the patients in great amount regarding blood pressure control and in preventing morbidity and mortality. More studies to analyze the lack of compliance must take place in Saudi Arabia, and stricter guidelines of doctor-patient- relationship must be reinforced.

Dependence of Total Production Costs on Production and Infrastructure Parameters in the Polish Hard Coal Mining Industry

European hard coalmining is a declining industry, despite the use of hard coal for energy in several countries. Industry restructuring and public subsidies have failed to stop this industry’s decline. The largest hard coalmining sector, the Polish sector, has faced an obstacle to its survival: How to reduce production costs to compete with less expensive imported hard coal? This article aims to identify and analyze the dependence of the total production costs representing production and infrastructure parameters of the Polish hard coalmining industry. The parameters are divided into three groups: (1) the cost of employees and the production volume; (2) the number of longwalls, the length of a longwall, the daily longwall advance and the preparatory work advance; and (3) the number of levels in exploitation, the number of layers in exploitation and the number of shafts. The findings indicate that, even in well-functioning coalmines, there are many economically irrational relationships, especially regarding employment and infrastructure size. This study shows that employment, which is a significant cost component of the production and infrastructure parameters of the examined Polish hard coalmines, is not economically rational in terms of its proportion to the total production costs. As a result, even a considerable reduction in employment or infrastructure does not influence the unit costs of mining production, which could only be partially explained by the high level of fixed costs. There are also no appropriate relationships between infrastructure parameters and the total production cost. Under these irrational conditions, a reduction in the production costs of hard coalmining enterprises is difficult, but unproductive costly activities could prevent an improvement in production efficiency. Only restoring the proper relationship between economic and infrastructure parameters and the total production costs can ensure a return to price competitiveness. Those actions are crucial for the Polish hard coalmining industry, because the research focused on successful hard coalmines that were not declining indicate it should be able to implement cost improvements.