Proper Height Research Articles

Driver's cab of new model diesl railcar of Japanese National Railways

Ergonomic aspects of newly designed diesel railcar types Ki-Ha 90 and 91 of Japanese National Railways are photographically, demonstrated and compared with older types of driver's cabs. Some photos were taken in case of an ergonomic study on the driver's motion and physiological reactions in the cab. These diesel railcars have main controllers with forward and backward movement which are located in both sides of the driver at proper height. This enabled appropriate layout of main dials, wide leg room and improvement of panel-desk structure. Only four main dials as a speed-meter, a clock, a pressure gauge and a voltmeter are set in the front panel with warning lights at the right of them. Attention was also paid as to wider visual field through windows, visibility of dials and signal lights, setting of Automatic Train Stop system instruments or driver's seat.

Atomic Oxygen in the Polar Winter Mesosphere

Abstract Kellogg's hypothesis that the winter warmth of the polar mesosphere is due to the chemical energy released by the formation of molecular oxygen from atomic oxygen is examined. Reactions involving O, O2, and O3 are considered. Computations reveal that slow rates of subsidence (∼0.2 cm sec−1) are clearly sufficient to provide the required energy at the proper heights, when considered in association with published infrared cooling rates due to CO2. The possibility that the released energy is lost to the atmospheric region of concern due to radiation in the Kaplan-Meinel or infrared atmospheric bands of O2 is considered. If collisional deactivation by an atom-atom interchange is the predominant deactivating mechanism at the level of maximum energy release, then most of the energy released will appear as sensible beat.

Determining Hunting Season Waste of Deer by Following Fox Trails

proof plywood glued at all corners; the exterior is painted flat-black. Both are provided with hingehasps and padlocks which in turn can be locked to a chain and anchored to a tree. The joint between cover and chassis is sealed with a rubber gasket to prevent moisture from entering. The 6-volt battery housing is provided with a microswitch arranged to open the solenoid and exciter light circuits when the cover is removed. The eye is housed in plastic tubes 8 inches long, 4 inches O.D., mounted on yokes with fittings to allow vertical adjustment. The yokes are '4-inch rods welded to a %-inch steel peg for driving into the ground (Figs. 2, 4). When necessary, the entire yoke assembly is braced by additional supports to form a tripod-like affair. In operation the beam is directed across the animal pathway and adjusted for proper height and distance between the exciter light and solar cell. In studies to date, the light was covered with red cellophane, and an 8-day clock and dial thermometer were inserted in the camera field so as to appear in each exposure. Fig. 5 shows the kind of photograph one may expect to obtain with the apparatus. The recorder could be provided with a treadlemicroswitch in place of, or as a supplement to, the photoelectric switch. As indicated above, the camera could be set to take a motion picture series rather than a single frame. A modification of the circuits and use of additional time-delay contacts would make it possible to use the setup for making time-lapse photos at various intervals depending on the relay inserted. Other possibilities will likely become evident to users of the instrument. By purchasing a used camera and synchronizing xx:

Researches on New Heat Transmitting Tubes (1st Report)

We have obtained the heat transmitting tubes of a new type which are easy to make and superior in point or heat transmission. These new tubes are the ones equipped with one or two plane axial fins perpendicularly on the outer surface of circular tubes. Our researches were carried out measuring the heat quantity absorbed in water, flowing through the tubes which were held perpendicularly to the flow of air of 80°C. The main results of our researches are as follows : (1) The characteristic of the tube having two fins, stretching in axial direction on its front surface is influenced by air velocity, the angle 2θ between the two fins, holding at the center of tube and fin height. Among these factors the second must be attended especially. The tubes having the fins of proper angle (2θ=20°∼60°) and proper height on its front surface are most useful. (2) The tube having an axial fin of larger height on its front surface against the air flow is also useful.

A device to support patients during upright fluoroscopic examinations.

Radiologists frequently are called upon to perform fluoroscopic examinations on patients who are feeble, confused, unsteady in the dark, or unable to stand. Many are apprehensive upon being ushered into a dark room and may have transient episodes of vertigo and fainting, probably due to vasodepressor syncope. Some have fallen to the floor while undergoing fluoroscopic examinations. It is desirable, nevertheless, to do fluoroscopic examinations with the patient erect. A simple device was constructed for supporting patients in an erect position on the fluoroscope. This support has proved to be practical in examining children in the upright position when they have been immobilized on the “Brattbored” devised by Miller. For adults the device is not so much for support as for prevention of falling if loss of consciousness occurs. This device consists of a 2-inch steel hook, a 70-inch leather belt 1 1/4 inches wide with a metal buckle at one end, a steel ring 3 inches in diameter, and cotton webbing 2 inches wide and 40 inches long, with a dog snap on each end. For short patients the leather strap length permits the steel ring to be placed 51 inches from the foot support. A hole must be drilled into the head end of the table into which the steel hook can be inserted. The suspending device is easily applied and removed. For adults the hook is inserted into the hole in the table. The cotton webbing is then passed across the front of the chest and under the axillae, and attached to the metal ring with the dog snaps (Fig. 3 and 4). The leather strap is then adjusted to the proper height. Towels may be placed in the axillae to make the patient more comfortable. For children, only the leather belt is used. The child is immobilized on a “Brattbored” and then the leather belt is passed about the plywood bar at the top of the board and adjusted to the proper height (Fig. 5). The suspending device does not interfere with the fluoroscopic examination. The cotton webbing does not produce a visible shadow, and the patient can be rotated easily in either direction. Patients feel quite comfortable and much more secure knowing they cannot fall.

Analysis of runoff‐plat experiments with varying infiltration‐capacity

Research Bulletin 280, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, gives the results of runoff plat experiments by Jesse I. Neal [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. The same sail was used in all the experiments. This was Putnam soil, taken from the surface five to six inches, from a timothy meadow. The soil was placed in a tank 12 feet long, 3.63 feet wide, and 26 inches deep. Water was applied by an overhead sprinkling applicator. Neal states: “Before each run the soil was dried and cultivated to a depth of 4 inches … After the moisture‐content of the surface four inches of soil had been reduced to between two‐thirds and three‐fourths of the capillary capacity, the surface‐soil was leveled off and worked down to approximately the proper height… After the soil was approximately leveled off with a rake, a wooden templet was drawn the length of the box and all excess soil scraped off. Since the templet left the soil in a smooth condition, the rake was run lightly back and forth across the slope to simulate the condition of a good seed‐bed… The surface‐inch of soil was further dried to between one‐fourth and one‐half the capillary capacity before applying the rain.” The rain was applied at intensities of approximately 4 inches, 3 inches, 2 inches, 1.5 inches, and 0.9 inch per hour, and the experiments were carried out with surface‐slopes of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 per cent.

Small Underfeed Single-Retort Stokers

Abstract Although concerned with the mechanical development of small underfeed single-retort stokers having an hourly capacity of 1200 lb and less, the paper specializes on their development and application for residential heating. A discussion of the various methods of feeding coal is first presented and is followed by a résumé of the classification of stokers on the basis of hourly coal-feeding rates, which was recently made by the United States Department of Commerce in cooperation with the Stoker Manufacturers’ Association. Design and mechanical details of these stokers for house heating are commented upon at some length, variation in combustion rates with size of stoker and grade of coal is touched upon, importance of proper furnace volume and height are stressed, and the influence on furnace design of the type of load to be carried and the essentials of good furnace design are mentioned. Several tabulations of data supplement the paper, which thus far has been concerned with burning of bituminous coal. Brief sections relating to the use of stokers with anthracite coal and the heat-control devices for both anthracite- and bituminous-coal stokers complete the paper.

Dunning Process and Process Backgrounds<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J07505">*</xref>-->

The paper includes a description of the general principles of the Dunning process and methods of processing backgrounds into motion pictures. It elaborates on a previous paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> describing the system. Various features to be considered in applying the process and the various difficulties encountered are briefly discussed. The necessity for maintaining the proper height and angle of the camera when taking shots of backgrounds to be processed is emphasized.

PROTECTIVE DEVICE IN NOSE AND THROAT WORK

It may be that many men doing nose and throat work do not care to employ protection against the cough or sneeze of the patient; but those who do might adopt the plan illustrated here. The great advantage of this in a private office is secondary only to its necessity in handling large numbers of the less careful in the outpatient clinics. The device is essentially a glass in a frame supported by a rod bent at the proper height, which can be regulated as regards both the horizontal and the vertical position. In the vertical, which is the usual position, the glass is suspended between the physician's face and that of the patient. In examining a throat, the physician's outstretched arms are extended on each side of the glass without hindrance. No trouble has been experienced in using the head mirror; however, this involves a good quality of glass

The Automatic Hydroelectric Plant

The automatic hydroelectric generating station of the Iowa Railway and Light Company at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is a radical step in advance in the elimination of operator's wages in a station of appreciable size, without sacrificina complete control. This station consists of three 400-kw., 500-kv-a., 60-rev. per min., 2300-volt, vertical generating units, tied in to a system, of which the main generating station contains about 20,000 kv-a. in steam turbo-generators. One striking feature is the entire omission of the usual governors, the waterwheel gates being motor driven and controlled by contact-making ammeters. Each unit has its individual control panel, consisting of the necessary contactors and relays to connect it to the bus at the proper time. A motor-driven drum controller gives the proper time element between the different, step's in the operation of placing the generator on the line. Any generator can be started either by a float switch when the pond level reaches the proper height or by a remote control button in the steam station. The starting of the first generator throws on the line the motor of one of the two exciter sets, and the generator cannot be connected to the bus until the excitation voltage has reached the normal value. The waterwheel gates are then partly opened and the generator comes up to approximately normal speed. It is then connected to the bus without field through an iron-core reactance. Then a weak field is applied.

The automatic hydroelectric plant

The automatic hydroelectric generating station of the Iowa Railway and Light Company at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is a radical step in advance in the elimination of operator's wages in a station of appreciable size, without sacrificing complete control. This station consists of three 400-kw., 500-kv-a., 60-rev. per min., 2300-volt, vertical generating units, tied in to a system, of which the main generating station contains about 20,000 kv-a. in steam turbo-generators. One striking feature is the entire omission of the usual governors, the waterwheel gates being motor driven and controlled by contact-making ammeters. Each unit has its individual control panel, consisting of the necessary contactors and relays to connect it to the bus at the proper time. A motor-driven drum controller gives the proper time element between the different steps in the operation of placing the generator on the line. Any generator can be started either by a float switch when the pond level reaches the proper height or by a remote control button in the steam station. The starting of the first generator throws on the line the motor of one of the two exciter sets, and the generator cannot be connected to the bus until the excitation voltage has reached the normal value. The waterwheel gates are then partly opened and the generator comes up to approximately normal speed. It is then connected to the bus without field through an iron-core reactance. Then a weak field is applied. Next it is raised to full normal value, and then the reactance is short-circuited. The contact-making ammeter opens the gates to full gate opening and the generator then carries full load in about 40 seconds after either the control button is closed or the float switch is closed.

AN APPARATUS FOR KEEPING WARM A BASIN OF SALINE SOLUTION

The apparatus illustrated by the accompanying photographs was found very useful in the operating room for keeping a basin of saline solution hot during an operation. A plunger stand, such as has been used for arms, was chosen and the plunger removed. Then to one of the iron rods at the side was attached an iron ring, such as is used in a laboratory to hold flasks over a gas jet. This was clamped at the proper height to hold a small electric stove, one with legs preferred, which should set firmly on the iron ring. The electric cord may be dropped through the stand to the floor and then connected with a wall socket, so that it will not be in the sterile field of operation. It should be of sufficient length to allow the stand to be moved where needed.

A USEFUL LAMPSTAND ATTACHMENT

As an illumination for eye work more directly above the patient than could be obtained from the Coaklev lamp at the side of the table was needed, the desired result was secured at small cost by having a blacksmith drill a quarter-inch hole through one leg of the stand and put in a link of quarterinch iron (Fig. 1). A stout hook was serewed in the wall at the proper height to bring the lamp about 18 inches above the table (Fig. 2). The sliding extension and the pivoted yoke of the Coakley stand permit the lamp to be placed at any desired angle or to be pushed back out of the way while the patient is getting on or off the table.

Sounding and Sensitive Flames

Sounding and Sensitive Flames