Proper Connection Research Articles

Experimental and numerical study on seismic behavior of SCFRT column frame-buckling restrained steel plate shear wall structure with different connection forms

To promote the application of special-shaped concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular (SCFRT) columns in high-rise residential buildings, this paper proposed innovative SCFRT column frame-buckling restrained steel plate shear wall structure. Three sets of 1:2 scale structural model specimens with a single span and two stories were designed and tested under the quasi-static load. The connection form between the frame and the shear wall includes four-side connection, four-corner connection, and groove connection. The hysteretic performance of the specimens was evaluated, and the mechanical properties were analyzed. The parametric analysis was carried out by the verified finite element model. The results revealed that the SCFRT columns frame-buckling restrained steel plate shear wall structure has favorable seismic performance, and the connection form significantly affects the mechanical properties of the structure. The bearing capacity and stiffness of the four-side connection form are relatively prominent, while the groove connection and four-corner connection have better ductility. The results can guide the engineering application to choose the proper connection form between the frame and the shear wall.

Proper connection and proper-walk connection of digraphs

An arc-colored digraph D is properly (properly-walk) connected if, for any ordered pair of vertices (u,v), the digraph D contains a directed path (a directed walk) from u to v such that arcs adjacent on that path (on that walk) have distinct colors. The proper connection number pc→(D) (the proper-walk connection number wc→(D)) of a digraph D is the minimum number of colours to make D properly connected (properly-walk connected). We prove that pc→(Cn(S))≤2 for every circulant digraph Cn(S) with S⊆{1,…,n−1},|S|≥2 and 1∈S. Furthermore, we give some sufficient conditions for a Hamiltonian digraph D to satisfy pc→(D)=wc→(D)=2.

(Strong) Total proper connection of some digraphs

The total proper connection number of a given digraph D, represented by $$\overrightarrow{tpc}(D)$$ , denotes the smallest number of colors needed for making D total proper connected. The strong total proper connection number of D, represented by $$\overrightarrow{stpc}(D)$$ , shows the smallest number of colors required for making D strong total proper connected. In the present work, we represent some preliminary findings on $$\overrightarrow{tpc}(D)$$ and $$\overrightarrow{stpc}(D)$$ . Moreover, findings on the (strong) total proper connection numbers of biorientations of graphs, circle digraphs, circulant digraphs and cacti digraphs are provided.

Deep Learning-Based Approaches to Optimize the Electricity Contract Capacity Problem for Commercial Customers

The electricity tariffs available to customers in Poland depend on the connection voltage level and contracted capacity, which reflect the customer demand profile. Therefore, before connecting to the power grid, each consumer declares the demand for maximum power. This amount, referred to as the contracted capacity, is used by the electricity provider to assign the proper connection type to the power grid, including the size of the security breaker. Maximum power is also the basis for calculating fixed charges for electricity consumption, which is controlled and metered through peak meters. If the peak demand exceeds the contracted capacity, a penalty charge is applied to the exceeded amount, which is up to ten times the basic rate. In this article, we present several solutions for entrepreneurs based on the implementation of two-stage and deep learning approaches to predict maximal load values and the moments of exceeding the contracted capacity in the short term, i.e., up to one month ahead. The forecast is further used to optimize the capacity volume to be contracted in the following month to minimize network charge for exceeding the contracted level. As confirmed experimentally with two datasets, the application of a multiple output forecast artificial neural network model and a genetic algorithm (two-stage approach) for load optimization delivers significant benefits to customers. As an alternative, the same benefit is delivered with a deep learning architecture (hybrid approach) to predict the maximal capacity demands and, simultaneously, to determine the optimal capacity contract.

Study of load-bearing timber-wall elements using experimental testing and mathematical modelling

Combining timber and glass in the wall elements of the building envelope with the proper orientation of such transparent façade elements enables the utilization of solar energy for heating and internal illumination of the building. However, the asymmetrical layout of timber-glass wall elements in such buildings can result in problems with the horizontal stability of the structure, so their participation to load-bearing capacity of the structure is usually neglected. The study deals with solutions for such elements as horizontal load-bearing members with proper connection details. First, specifically developed timber-glass wall elements were experimentally tested under monotonic and cyclic horizontal point load, and further in combination with classical timber-framed wall elements implemented into special single and two-storey box-house models, which were further experimentally tested on the shaking table. In the second part as the main goal of the study, a quite simple mathematical model of the box-house prototypes is developed using a fictive diagonal element for simulating the racking stiffness of the bracing timber-glass wall element. The calculated results for the 1st vibration period are compared with the previously measured experimental results to prove an accuracy of the developed model. Finally, a linear time-history calculation is done as a sample presentation of the developed mathematical model using Landers acceleration spectrum. The developed mathematical model enables a simple and effective seismic response calculation of timber buildings considering the developed timber-glass wall elements as load-bearing bracing elements against horizontal load actions. The model can also be recommended for using in further parametric numerical academic studies analysing the influence of various parameters.

Experimental and numerical study of an innovative OMEGA-shaped connector for composite beams

Shear connectors in composite beam are used to ensure proper connection between concrete slab and steel beam. Headed stud shear connectors are the types most commonly used in composite constructions. Despite its popularity, this type of connectors has presented some drawbacks, notably its installation technique which demands many requirements. Recently, several shear connectors have been developed as an alternative to studs. The aim of the present paper is to present a study of a new type of OMEGA-shaped connector that is easy to design, fabricate and install. The geometry of the connector proposed allows good concrete confinement and provides high flexural stiffness. Experimental push-out tests have been carried out on OMEGA connectors and on headed studs to study their strength, ductility and failure mode. A comprehensive comparison between the two types of connector was established, which showed that the OMEGA connector proposed provides greater strength against shearing and uplifting. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to the conventional connector (headed studs) used in composite steel-concrete beams. The finite element models (FEM) of the push out test were developed using Abaqus software to conduct a parametric study on various dimensions of the OMEGA connector and different concrete strengths to evaluate their influences on the shear capacity and failure mechanism of the steel-concrete connection. It was concluded that the shear strength and failure mode of the OMEGA connector was relatively affected by increasing the shear area and concrete compressive strength, without significant impact on connection ductility. Based on the results obtained from the parametric study, a general equation for predicting the shear strength of the OMEGA connectors was introduced.

Information propagation in recurrent neuronal populations with mixed excitatory–inhibitory synaptic connections

Information propagation in the cortical neural network has attracted a large amount of attention. In this paper, a feedforward network is constructed with each subnetwork being a recurrent neuronal population, consisting of neurons coupled by excitatory and inhibitory synapses, in which neurons have both types of outgoing synapses. Namely, neurons in the constructed feedforward neuronal networks have mixed excitatory–inhibitory synapses. Here, propagation of population firing rate and pulse packets are investigated. For the propagation of population firing rate, it is found that proper feedforward connection probability and strength could promote the propagation of population firing rate. Properly larger feedforward synaptic time constant could considerably enhance the fidelity of the propagating population firing rate. For the propagation of pulse packet, we find suitably adjusting the relative strength, recurrent probability, and feedforward synaptic connection can promote propagation of pulse packet. Notably, different from each other, larger feedforward synaptic time constant can considerably promote the propagation of population firing rate while hindering the propagation of pulse packets.

Psychophysiological Therapy from a Distance: The Art of Sharing

Psychophysiological Therapy from a Distance: The Art of Sharing

Teleparallel gravity as a gauge theory: Coupling to matter using the Cartan connection

We present a consistent and complete description of the coupling to matter in the Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR) theory built from a Cartan connection, as we proposed in previous works. A first theorem allows us to obtain parallel transport from the Cartan connection into a proper Ehresmann connection, while a second ensures to link the TEGR-Cartan connection to the Ehresmann one-form that contains the Levi-Civita connection. This yields a coupling to matter in agreement with observations and the Equivalence Principle. As the fundamental fields proceed from the Cartan connection, if one insists on interpreting TEGR as a gauge theory of translations, such translation gauge field can be extracted from the consistent theory presented. However, this would entail a fundamental change in the structures known for gauge theory and a split between gauge field and connection is imperative. The willingness to take such a step is left to the reader.

Anisogrid stiffened panel under axial compression: Manufacturing, numerical analysis and experimental testing

Within the collaborative FP7 project PoLaRBEAR a high-performance anisogrid prepreg structure concept has been developed considering high quality assurance demands and the need of a state of art manufacturing process (advanced fiber placement).This paper reports on the design, analysis, manufacturing and test of an anisogrid prepreg panel under uniaxial compression. The anisogrid structures consist of intersecting, integral manufactured stiffeners with different directions (helical, circumferential and/or axial) and a load bearing skin. The stiffeners are manufactured from prepreg layers with 60% fiber volume ratio. An alternating pattern of cut and uncut layers is used within the intersection knots to avoid thickening. In addition, there are special interface layers in the stiffener laminate in order to ensure a proper connection between the grid and the load bearing skin even within the postbuckling range.Optical measurements showed that the panel was burdened by manufacturing induced geometric imperfections (process inducted deformations or spring-in) which caused a slight curvature of the anisogrid panel. Geometrically non-linear analyzes were performed using ABAQUS and B2000++ in order to analyze the pre- and post-buckling response of the panel under axial compression with and without imperfections. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement if the process induced deformations are considered.

On proper (strong) rainbow connection of graphs

On proper (strong) rainbow connection of graphs

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF RECEIVING SERVICES IN THE MODE OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF CIRCULATION OF MEDICINES

This scientific article is devoted to the current problems of obtaining services in the mode of digitalization in the field of circulation of medicines. The main directions of introduction of the digitalization process in the sphere of medicines circulation in Ukraine are revealed, the attention is focused on the positive and negative moments of digitalization in the sphere of medicines circulation in Ukraine. Possible areas for improving digitalization in the field of circulation of medicines in Ukraine are identified, as well as the need to improve the legal regulation of digitalization in the field of circulation of medicines in Ukraine in order to protect the rights and interests of recipients of services in the field of medicines. The material and technical support of this process remains an urgent issue in the development of the digitalization process in the field of medicines circulation in Ukraine. Yes, it should be noted that a significant part of the territory of Ukraine does not have a proper Internet connection. This circumstance complicates or even makes digitalization impossible throughout Ukraine, and the territorial feature is the main one, because digitalization should be available in every smallest settlement of Ukraine. Only then can we talk about the success of the digitalization reform in the field of medicines in Ukraine. According to the results of registration activities in the field of circulation of medicines, the central executive body, which directly formulates and ensures the implementation of state policy in the field of circulation of medicines (State Expert Center, State Service for Medicines and Drug Control) and the central executive body forms and ensures the implementation of state policy in general in the field of health care (Ministry of Health of Ukraine), forms and ensures: a) the procedure for examination and registration of re-registration of medicines; b) maintaining state registers of medicines; c) providing information from the registers to interested persons. Emphasis is placed on the need for an archival repository for information that is processed, stored and accumulated in the process of electronic reformatting.

Energy conservation in query driven wireless sensor networks

Network topology used to connect sensor nodes is important factor in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that affect the energy usage of any network. Proper topology connection thereby reduces energy usage of network by reducing number of packet transmissions. Therefore node connection must be optimized in wireless sensor networks. Hence we introduce a new multiple tree based architecture of sensor network, comprising of heterogeneous nodes, to develop an energy efficient query processing WSN application. This article proposes Multi-tree and Multiple-tree algorithms for improving network parameters in the usual data collection WSN application scenarios. A multi-tree simply suggests a strategy where similar parameter type sensors are arranged in a tree based topology so as to reduce the energy consumption as well as the end to end delay in data communication. The Multiple-tree exemplifies a more effective way of query result propagation in data centric applications where delay requirements are not very stringent.

Teleradiology its Application, Transmission, Legal Issues and Market in Veterinary Medicine: A Review

Teleradiology is the practice of transmitting the different radiological reports generated via X-rays, CT-scan and MRI from one part of the world to the another or one location to the other to get the consultation and interpretation from the different expert radiologists. In veterinary, it was first commercially available in the early 90s. Previously it was poorly developed due to the limited internet speed and lack of essential software but currently, the practice of teleradiology in veterinary medicine has become universal due to proper broadband connection, availability of image compression, PACS and DICOM software. This review aims to summarize the goals, applications, transmission, method of image acquisition and digitalization, types of teleradiology, its legal issues and market in veterinary medicine.

A Novel Approach for Improved Load Balancing and Interference Reduction in Wireless Networks using OFDMA

The quality of service offered to the user equipment in Multihop cellular networks with proper connection is affected severely due to the fading effects. These fading effects can lead to link loss between the user equipment (UE) and base station. This problem is severe when the UE traveling inside of tunnel, forests and big buildings. The duration of the link loss may vary from seconds to hours. Link loss management can control the link loss, increase the coverage area and signal quality in cell boundaries. It requires predictive power and link scheduling in cell sectors and signal quality enhancement at cell boundaries using filters. Interference Coordination and Load Balancing at base station and UE algorithm is used. This paper introduces a link loss management algorithm with load balancing to provide seamless service to users and this increases the Quality of Service (QoS) of safety critical communications.

Data-driven digital twin model for predicting grinding force

Digital twin gives a new approach for predictive and monitoring of manufacturing machines which can consider the influence of working condition on grinding wheel and application of prediction. In this article, we a develop methodology for grinding force prediction using digital twin approach, with the vertical double side grinding machine performing the required work while connecting the PLC program. The proposed approach integrates the information obtained from sensor data, physic models, and operational of system to establish the grinding machine model. Data driven modelling and quantification of the model form uncertainties associated with the resulting reduced order models. Simulation results show the proper connection between models and communication. The digital model was programmed to exactly match the operation of the physical system.

Low In-Band-RCS Antennas Based on Anisotropic Metasurface Using a Novel Integration Method

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction in the working band of antennas, likely leading to radiation performance change or deterioration, is quite difficult for both antenna elements and arrays. Aimed at this problem, this article presents a novel design strategy of microstrip patch antennas with low in-band RCS. This strategy combines metasurface with antenna from the perspectives of both structure and electrical performance. To be specific, anisotropic metasurface is proposed to replace the conventional patch and behave as the radiating structure of the antenna directly, which does not increase the original antenna size. Through proper connection of the metasurface units, the novel antenna has the same radiation performance with conventional microstrip antenna but low in-band RCS for any polarized incidence. The radiation and scattering mechanism of the novel antenna is carefully elaborated, from which a frequency reconfigurable antenna is also derived by loading varactors. Furthermore, different design strategies of low in-band-RCS antenna element and array are clarified. On the basis of which, a $4 \times 4$ array is developed to achieve in-band-RCS reduction with radiation performance kept. Both numerical and experimental results are demonstrated, and the reasonably good agreements verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

NOTE ON MINIMUM DEGREE AND PROPER CONNECTION NUMBER

AbstractAn edge-coloured graph $G$ is called properly connected if any two vertices are connected by a properly coloured path. The proper connection number, $pc(G)$, of a graph $G$, is the smallest number of colours that are needed to colour $G$ such that it is properly connected. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}(n)$ denote the minimum value such that $pc(G)=2$ for any 2-connected incomplete graph $G$ of order $n$ with minimum degree at least $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}(n)$. Brause et al. [‘Minimum degree conditions for the proper connection number of graphs’, Graphs Combin.33 (2017), 833–843] showed that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}(n)>n/42$. In this note, we show that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}(n)>n/36$.

Hardness results for three kinds of colored connections of graphs

The concept of rainbow connection number of a graph was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2008. Inspired by this concept, other concepts on colored version of connectivity in graphs were introduced, such as the monochromatic connection number by Caro and Yuster in 2011, the proper connection number by Borozan et al. in 2012, and the conflict-free connection number by Czap et al. in 2018, as well as some other variants of connection numbers later on. Chakraborty et al. proved that to compute the rainbow connection number of a graph is NP-hard. For a long time, it has been tried to fix the computational complexity for the monochromatic connection number, the proper connection number and the conflict-free connection number of a graph. However, it has not been solved yet. Only the complexity results for the strong version, i.e., the strong proper connection number and the strong conflict-free connection number, of these connection numbers were determined to be NP-hard. In this paper, we prove that to compute each of the monochromatic connection number, the proper connection number and the conflict free connection number for a graph is NP-hard. This solves a long standing problem in this field, asked in many talks of workshops and papers.

Transition to Web-based Interviews for Residency Programs during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Sir, Due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, residency interviews for the upcoming 2020–2021 match cycle have shifted to an online format as part of the social distancing guidelines.1 American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons has urged for the scheduling of virtual interviews starting December 7, 2019. Several piloted programs in different specialties have successfully studied the efficacy of the online interview format. In 2014, Loma Linda anesthesiology provided an optional web-based interview format—an equal number of applicants from both interview types were ranked in the upper-half of the list.2 University of Texas Southwestern has effectively offered online interviews for certain programs for 2 application cycles.3 Currently, few guidelines exist for a web-based residency interview. Some recommendations we set forth include an online resident–student video conference, which may give students a sense of the program. Zoom and WebEx are currently popular tools selected for video conferencing purposes. Due to high likelihood of variation in the tools selected by the programs for the purposes of the interview, applicants should familiarize themselves with the interface and directions ahead of the interview. Applicants and interviewers should follow the application’s testing guidelines before the interview to ensure that the stream-based application, internet connection, and utilities, such as an internal microphone, are working coherently with interview application and do not require previous configuration. Websites such as “SpeedTest” can assess the internet speed. Before the interview, both applicants and programs should ensure that their servers can maintain the proper connection bandwidth—2–5 Mbps up and download are recommended for a stable connection. Programs and applicants should also remain updated about potential internet outages in their area. A mock run of the interview should be completed on behalf of the applicant, with individuals and advisors from their own program (if available), to ensure a seamless experience. During the live interview, other computer applications, including FaceTime or text messaging, should be disabled. Many video conference tools include a “Do Not Disturb” status, which can be used to reduce distractions.3 Another more obvious guideline includes finding a quiet space without distractions. This space should have a blank background and should be well lit. Faces should not be washed-out with the lighting. An external web-camera or microphone may be required to avoid poor resolution. The programs may elect to collaborate with their Information and Technology department to be present during the live stream to adequately deal with possible disconnections. In this article, we attempt to provide possible suggestions for this upcoming virtual interview. Online interviews can reduce the economic burden shouldered by plastic residency applicants, who may feel pressured to attend a higher number of interviews for a successful match. Some applicants are unable to attend interviews due to weather delays or scheduling issues. Additionally, for students completing clerkships during the fourth year, this mitigates the need for discretionary time during interview months. Based on this upcoming cycle, this interview format may become a gold standard in place of in-person interviews or a screen before an interview offer. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.