Proper Alignments Research Articles

Breathable Bactericide Piezocatalyst Integrating Anode–Cathode Heterojunction Capacitance on a Piezoelectric–Conductive Film

Piezocatalysis has received great attention in recent years. However, despite the great promise therein, high-performance piezocatalysts are still rare and the principles in designing high-performance piezocatalysts remain lacking. We demonstrate here a novel piezocatalyst design by integrating the oxidizing and reducing reaction sites heterojunction on a piezoelectric and conductive matrix. The catalytic composite generates reactive oxidizing species with unprecedented high capabilities. The •O2- yield is over 400% that of previously reported catalysts and for the first time realized effective piezocatalytic bactericidal effects over 99%. A range of structural features, including proper energy band alignments, high capacitance, patterned high conductivity, voltage-regulated wettability, and effective piezoelectrical capability, are believed to synergize for their high piezocatalytic performance. This study has extended the piezocatalysts with new design principles, effective descriptors of merits, new applications, and effective performance capabilities.

Interface engineering of antimony selenide solar cells: a review on the optimization of energy band alignments

Earth-abundant and environmentally benign antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has emerged as a promising light-harvesting absorber for thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices due to its high absorption coefficient, nearly ideal bandgap for PV applications, excellent long-term stability, and intrinsically benign boundaries if properly aligned on the substrate. The record power conversion efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells has currently reached 9.2%, however, it is far lower than the champion efficiencies of other chalcogenide thin-film solar cells such as CdTe (22.1%) and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (23.35%). The inferior device performance of Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells mainly results from a large open-circuit voltage deficit, which is strongly related to the interface recombination loss. Accordingly, constructing proper band alignments between Sb2Se3 and neighboring charge extraction layers through interface engineering to reduce carrier recombination losses is one of the key strategies to achieving high-efficiency Sb2Se3 solar cells. In this review, the fundamental properties of Sb2Se3 thin films, and the recent progress made in Sb2Se3 solar cells are outlined, with a special emphasis on the optimization of energy band alignments through the applications of electron-transporting layers and hole-transporting layers. Furthermore, the potential research directions to overcome the bottlenecks of Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cell performance are also presented.

Tibial sagittal and rotational alignment reduce patellofemoral stresses in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty

Patellofemoral joint complications remain an important issue in total knee arthroplasty. We compared the patellofemoral contact status between cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized designs with varying degrees of tibial sagittal and rotational alignment using a computer simulation to ensure proper alignments in total knee arthroplasty. Knee kinematics, patellofemoral contact force and quadriceps force were computed using a musculoskeletal modeling program (LifeMOD/KneeSIM 2010; LifeModeler, Inc., San Clemente, California) during a weight-bearing deep knee bend. Two different posterior tibial slope (PTS)s (3° and 7°) and five different tibial tray rotational alignments (neutral, internal 5° and 10°, and external 5° and 10°) were simulated. Patellofemoral contact area and stresses were next computed using finite element analysis. The patellofemoral contact force for the posterior-stabilized design was substantially lower than the cruciate-retaining design after post-cam contact because of increasing femoral roll-back. Neutral rotational alignment of the tibial component resulted in smaller differences in patellofemoral contact stresses between cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized designs for PTSs of 3° or 7°. However, the patellar contact stresses in the cruciate-retaining design were greater than those in posterior-stabilized design at 120° of knee flexion with PTS of 3° combined with internal rotation of the tibial component. Our study provides biomechanical evidence implicating lower PTSs combined with internal malrotation of the tibial component and the resultant increase in patellofemoral stresses as a potential source of anterior knee pain in cruciate-retaining design.

Two-dimensional CdO/PtSSe heterojunctions used for Z-scheme photocatalytic water-splitting

Two-dimensional (2D) Z-scheme photocatalytic systems can usually achieve high catalytic efficiencies by separating the photoinduced carriers attend water redox reaction at different positions and providing much stronger overpotentials to drive water redox reaction. However, it is filled with challenges to develop Z-scheme photocatalysts (PCs) due to the strict requirement of proper band edge alignment and built-in electric field. Based on hybrid density functional, the photocatalytic properties of CdO/PtSSe heterojunctions (HJs) including CdO/SPtSe and CdO/SePtS HJs are investigated. The analysis of electronic structures, work functions, and charge transfer suggest the proper band alignments and the existence of built-in electric field from CdO to PtSSe, confirming the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism of CdO/SPtSe and CdO/SePtS HJs. The light absorption curves show that CdO/SPtSe and CdO/SePtS HJs could harvest sufficient solar light. Furthermore, both CdO/SPtSe and CdO/SePtS HJs can provide sufficient overpotentials to finish water redox reaction. These findings indicate that CdO/SPtSe and CdO/SePtS HJs are promising water-splitting PCs.

Vertically grown CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles over the MIL53Fe MOF as proper band alignments for efficient H2 generation and 2,4-DCP degradation.

The design of highly efficient photoca talysts for clean energy production and environmental remediation are the grand challenges of scientific research. Herein, TiO2@MIL53Fe and CeO2@MIL53Fe composite photocatalysts are synthesized via solvothermal technique. The SEM and TEM micrographs reveal that TiO2 and CeO2 nanoparticles are vertically grown onto the surface of MIL53Fe MOF. Further, HRTEM micrograph confirmed the formation of heterojunction. It has been investigated that the resultant TiO2@MIL53Fe and CeO2@MIL53Fe photocatalysts exhibit remarkably improved visible light activities for H2 production and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation in comparison to the bare MIL53Fe photocatalyst. The enhanced photoactivities of the fabricated TiO2@MIL53Fe and CeO2@MIL53Fe photocatalysts are attributed to significantly promoted charge separation as confirmed via the surface photo voltage (SPV) and photoluminescence (PL) results. Further, the photocatalysts exhibit high stability and reusability as confirmed via the recyclable tests. This work will promote the design of MOF-based efficient photocatalysts for clean energy production and environment purification.

Constructing CdSe QDs modified porous g-C3N4 heterostructures for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production

Constructing heterostructures with narrow-band-gap semiconductors is a promising strategy to extend light absorption range of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and simultaneously promote charge separation for its photocatalytic activity improvement. However, its highly localized electronic states of g-C3N4 hinder photo-carrier migration through bulk towards heterostructure interfaces, resulting in low charge carrier separation efficiency of solid bulk g-C3N4-based heterostructures. Herein, porous g-C3N4 (PCN) material with greatly shortened migration distance of photo-carriers from bulk to surface was used as an effective substrate to host CdSe quantum dots to construct type II heterostructure of CdSe/PCN for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The homogeneous modification of the CdSe quantum dots throughout the whole bulk of PCN together with proper band alignments between CdSe and PCN enables the effective separation of photo-generated charge carriers in the heterostructure. Consequently, the CdSe/PCN heterostructure photocatalyst gives the greatly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of 192.3 μmol h−1, which is 4.4 and 8.1 times that of CdSe and PCN, respectively. This work provides a feasible strategy to construct carbon nitride-based heterostructure photocatalysts for boosting visible light driven water splitting performance.

Visible Light-Driven Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting Using Z-Scheme Ag-Decorated MoS2/RGO/NiWO4 Heterostructure

Herein, we have successfully constructed a solid-state Z-scheme photosystem with enhanced light absorption capacity by combining the optoelectrical properties of AgNPs with those of the MoS2/RGO/NiWO4 (Ag-MRGON) heterostructure. The Ag-MRGON Z-scheme system demonstrates improved photo-electrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance in terms of applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency (ABPE), which is 0.52%, and 17.3- and 4.3-times better than those of pristine MoS2 and MoS2/NiWO4 photoanodes, respectively. The application of AgNPs as an optical property enhancer and RGO as an electron mediator improved the photocurrent density of Ag-MRGON to 3.5 mA/cm2 and suppressed the charge recombination to attain the photostability of ∼2 h. Moreover, the photocurrent onset potential of the Ag-MRGON heterojunction (i.e., 0.61 VRHE) is cathodically shifted compared to those of NiWO4 (0.83 VRHE), MoS2 (0.80 VRHE), and MoS2/NiWO4 heterojunction (0.73 VRHE). The improved PEC water-splitting performance in terms of ABPE, photocurrent density, and onset potential is attributed to the facilitated charge transfer through the RGO mediator, the plasmonic effect of AgNPs, and the proper energy band alignments with the thermodynamic potentials of hydrogen and oxygen evolution.

Van der Waals Mixed Valence Tin Oxides for Perovskite Solar Cells as UV-Stable Electron Transport Materials.

Stable electron transport materials (ETMs) with fewer surface defects and proper energy level alignments with halide perovskite active layers are required for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with long-term durability. Here, two-dimensional van der Waals mixed valence tin oxides Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 are controllably synthesized and applied as ETMs for planar PSCs. The synthesized Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 have size of 5-20 nm and disperse well in water as stable colloids for months. Both Sn2O3 and Sn3O4 exhibit typical n-type semiconductor energy band structures, low trap density, and suitable energy level alignments with halide perovskites. Steady-state power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 22.36% and 21.83% are obtained for Sn2O3-based and Sn3O4-based planar PSCs. In addition, the half cells without hole transport materials and back electrodes show good UV-stability with average PCE of 99.0% and 95.7% for Sn2O3-based and Sn3O4-based devices remaining after 1000 h of ultraviolet soaking with an intensity of 70 mW cm-2.

TiO2/ZnO: Type-II Heterostructures for electrochemical crystal violet dye degradation studies

Semiconductor nanomaterials with proper band edge alignments forming “heterostructure” assemblies have significant importance in water splitting, dye degradation, and other electrochemical studies. The formed heterojunction between material phases facilitates fast charge carrier transport and, thereby, improves electrochemical performance in associated processes. Herein, we report a type-II heterostructure combining TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials for electrochemical crystal violet dye degradation studies. The rationale in choosing the above materials (TiO2, ZnO) in the present study includes stability, lack of toxicity, and high oxidation power, but they also facilitate fast charge carrier movements due to proper band edge alignments, forming a type-II heterostructure assembly. Cyclic voltammetry, combined with ultraviolet-visible analysis, was used to identify the cathodic and anodic peak currents and trace the exact mechanism of dye degradation. The electro-catalytic performance of TiO2/ZnO heterostructured materials fabricated on titania (Ti) substrate show higher performance, in comparison to all individual material interfaces, due to synergistic interaction and synchronized charge transport.

Novel Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 double-shelled nanoboxes derived from Metal–Organic Framework for CO2 reduction

Fabrication heterojunction semiconductors with proper band alignments and reasonable morphologies for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are eliciting increased attention. Hence, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction of Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 hierarchical hollow double-shelled nanoboxes was designed via Metal–Organic Framework engaged templating method and hydrothermal reaction procedure. An online spectral mean has been employed to study the reaction process in this work. The structural and optical properties of Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 was comprehensively identified by a series of analytical characterizations. The characterization results depicted that Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 hierarchical hollow double-shelled nanoboxes were constructed, and the surfaces of Co3O4 nanocubes were covered by CoFe2O4 Nanosheets (NSs). In general, the unique Z-scheme heterojunction of as-synthesized materials facilitated the interfacial separation and transfer of photoexcited carriers. And hierarchical hollow structure offered larger surface area, increased CO2 adsorption properties and exposed more active sites. The Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 showed the optimum CO2 photo-reduction activities, the CH4 and CO production rates were 2.06 μmol h−1 and 72.2 μmol h−1 respectively. This work validated that Co3O4 @ CoFe2O4 is a powerful photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, and this hybrid structures can also pave an insight into the development of novel recyclable heterojunctions to practical application.

Phase-mismatch dependence of the four-wave mixing effect in semiconductor optical amplifiers.

The phase-mismatch effect due to polarization-dependent mode confinement factor has been shown to be not a crucial problem in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and is usually not accounted for. The phase-mismatch four-wave mixing (FWM) process in SOA devices is experimentally reported. The results reveal a sinc-like behavior in the intensity of FWM conjugate as a function of wavelength separation between transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) pumps due to induced confinement factors difference. Efficient FWM occurred for a detuning shift of about 500 GHz, limited by phase-mismatch conditions and determined by coherence length required for low and high frequencies to complete a full phase-match cycle. Phase-match FWM with an infinity coherence length can be fulfilled by proper alignments of co-polarized TE/TM modes of input waves with respect to the birefringent axes of the device structure.

TiO2/Fe2O3: Type-I Heterostructures for Electrochemical Dye Degradation/Water Splitting Studies

In contemporary research, semiconductor composite materials, i.e., combination of different semiconductor materials, play an important role in extracting needful energy from existing renewable energy forms. For example, “heterostructure” composite assemblies facilitate faster charge carrier transport and therefore improve the efficiency of the electro-/photoelectrochemical processes/devices due to synergistic interaction and synchronized charge transport across material interfaces that have formed in composite assembly. Herein, we report type-I heterostructure consists of TiO2 and Fe2O3 for crystal violet dye degradation and water splitting studies via electrochemical route. The rationale in choosing the above materials (TiO2, Fe2O3) in the present study will not only account stability, nontoxicity, and high oxidation power but also facilitate the fast charge carrier movements due to proper band edge alignments. Synthesized TiO2, Fe2O3, and TiO2/Fe2O3 nanoparticle assemblies were fabricated as electrodes on titanium (Ti) and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and used as anode in electrochemical analysis. Complete decolorization was achieved with all the fabricated electrodes and higher rate of degradation was achieved with composite electrode (Ti/TiO2/Fe2O3) than individuals (bare Ti, Ti/TiO2, Ti/Fe2O3). Further, the same composite electrode shows better performance toward electrochemical water splitting in comparison with individual electrodes.

Highly efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol over CeO2/g-C3N4 composites under visible-light irradiation: Detailed reaction pathway and mechanism.

Herein, we report for the first time the highly efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) over CeO2/g-C3N4 composites (xCeO/CN) prepared via wet-chemical solution method. It is shown that the resultant nanocomposites with a proper mass ratio percentage (15%) of CeO coupled exhibit greatly enhanced visible-light activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation compared to the bare g-C3N4. From photoluminescence (PL) and Fluorescence (FL) results, it is suggested that enhanced photo-degradation is attributed to the significantly improved charge separation and transfer as a result of the proper band alignments between g-C3N4 and CeO components. Further, from radical trapping experiments, it is confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (OH) are the predominant oxidants involved in the degradation of 2,4-DCP over CeO/CN composites. Furthermore, a possible reaction pathway and detailed photocatalytic mechanism for 2,4-DCP degradation is proposed mainly based on the detected liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) intermediate products, that readily transform into CO2 and H2O. This work would help researchers to deeply understand the reaction mechanism of 2,4-DCP and would provide feasible routes to fabricate g-C3N4-based highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

Hierarchical Bi2S3 nanoflowers: A novel photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of binary mixture of Rhodamine B and Methylene blue dyes and degradation of mixture of p-nitrophenol and p-chlorophenol

Hierarchical nanostructures of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The potentiality of Bi2S3 hierarchical nanostructures for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and the mixture of RhB-MB organic dyes have been demonstrated and compared with commercial TiO2 (Degussa P25) sample under visible light illumination. The degradation efficiency of Bi2S3 and Degussa P25 is found to be higher in the single as well as in the binary dye solution for MB degradation as compared to RhB degradation. Furthermore, the degradation rate of RhB and MB is enhanced by ∼8 times and ∼3 times in their binary solution as compared to that in single dye solution. Whereas, Bi2S3 has demonstrated ∼14 times higher degradation rate of both RhB and MB in their binary solution than that of Degussa P25 for RhB and MB degradation in the binary solution under visible light exposure, respectively. Interestingly, Bi2S3 nanostructures has exhibited larger improvement in the degradation efficiency for RhB in its binary solution which is attributed to the faster separation of photogenerated charge carriers due to the proper alignments between the molecular orbits of dyes and band level positions of Bi2S3 in RhB-MB-Bi2S3 heterogenous system. The photocatalytic degradation study of colourless contaminants, p-chlorophenol (CP), p-nitrophenol (NP) and their mixture (CP-NP) is also investigated in the presence of Bi2S3 nanoflowers. Among the phenolic compounds, the degradation rate of NP is observed to be highest in the single solution. However, the degradation rate of both CP and NP is found to decrease in binary mixture solution in comparison to their individual solution. A possible mechanism for the enhanced photodegradation of RhB-MB dye mixture based on the active species trapping experiment has been proposed.

Boosting efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with nickel phthalocyanine as a low-cost hole transporting layer material

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased from around 4% to over 22% following a few years of intensive investigation. For most PSCs, organic materials such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-pdimethoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) are used as the hole transporting materials (HTMs), which are thermally and chemically unstable and also expensive. Here, we explored nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) as a stable and cost-effective HTM to replace the conventionally used spiro-OMeTAD. Because of its high carrier mobility and proper band alignments, we achieved a PCE of 12.1% on NiPc based planar device with short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.64mAcm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94V, and fill factor (FF) of 73%, outperforming the planar device based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) that is an outstanding representative of metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) reported. Moreover, the device with NiPc shows much improved stability compared to that based on the conventional spiro-OMeTAD as a result of NiPc’s high stability. Photoluminescence (PL) and Impedance spectroscopy analysis results show that thermally deposited NiPc has good hole-extraction ability. Our results suggest that NiPc is a promising HTM for the large area, low cost and stable PSCs.

Tackling the challenges of matching biomedical ontologies

BackgroundBiomedical ontologies pose several challenges to ontology matching due both to the complexity of the biomedical domain and to the characteristics of the ontologies themselves. The biomedical tracks in the Ontology Matching Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) have spurred the development of matching systems able to tackle these challenges, and benchmarked their general performance. In this study, we dissect the strategies employed by matching systems to tackle the challenges of matching biomedical ontologies and gauge the impact of the challenges themselves on matching performance, using the AgreementMakerLight (AML) system as the platform for this study.ResultsWe demonstrate that the linear complexity of the hash-based searching strategy implemented by most state-of-the-art ontology matching systems is essential for matching large biomedical ontologies efficiently. We show that accounting for all lexical annotations (e.g., labels and synonyms) in biomedical ontologies leads to a substantial improvement in F-measure over using only the primary name, and that accounting for the reliability of different types of annotations generally also leads to a marked improvement. Finally, we show that cross-references are a reliable source of information and that, when using biomedical ontologies as background knowledge, it is generally more reliable to use them as mediators than to perform lexical expansion.ConclusionsWe anticipate that translating traditional matching algorithms to the hash-based searching paradigm will be a critical direction for the future development of the field. Improving the evaluation carried out in the biomedical tracks of the OAEI will also be important, as without proper reference alignments there is only so much that can be ascertained about matching systems or strategies. Nevertheless, it is clear that, to tackle the various challenges posed by biomedical ontologies, ontology matching systems must be able to efficiently combine multiple strategies into a mature matching approach.

Top-down Fabrication and Enhanced Active Area Electronic Characteristics of Amorphous Oxide Nanoribbons for Flexible Electronics

Inorganic amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) materials such as amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) possess mechanical flexibility and outstanding electrical properties, and have generated great interest for use in flexible and transparent electronic devices. In the past, however, AOS devices required higher activation energies, and hence higher processing temperatures, than organic ones to neutralize defects. It is well known that one-dimensional nanowires tend to have better carrier mobility and mechanical strength along with fewer defects than the corresponding two-dimensional films, but until now it has been difficult, costly, and impractical to fabricate such nanowires in proper alignments by either “bottom-up” growth techniques or by “top-down” e-beam lithography. Here we show a top-down, cost-effective, and scalable approach for the fabrication of parallel, laterally oriented AOS nanoribbons based on lift-off and nano-imprinting. High mobility (132 cm2/Vs), electrical stability, and transparency are obtained in a-IGZO nanoribbons, compared to the planar films of the same a-IGZO semiconductor.

Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione Polymers with Optimized Energy Level Alignments for Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Based Polymer Solar Cells

Rapid advances have been recently demonstrated in polymer solar cells (PSCs) with fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs), which have low bandgap and high electron mobility. Semiconducting polymer donors with medium bandgap to complement the absorption and proper energy level alignments to minimize energy loss are preferred in this system, but there are few studies on them. Here, we explore thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (TPD) based polymers for high performance PSCs with FREAs. A new TPD polymer, PMOT16, is developed with 4-methoxyl thiophene as conjugated side chains on the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene unit. PMOT16 exhibits lower energy levels and enhanced interactions compared to the thiophene counterpart, PBDTT-6ttTPD. However, in PSCs with ITIC as the acceptor, PMOT16 shows inferior performance to PBDTT-6ttTPD on short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor. When IDIC with lower energy levels is employed as acceptor, PMOT16 PSCs show decent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of around 10% with l...

Effect of Misalignment of Penstocks on Head Loss

AbstractA penstock is a conduit which is normally used to convey water from a reservoir to hydraulic turbines. It is made by joining a number of pieces of pipe whose proper alignments are essential...

Incurvation frontale des os longs du membre inférieur : son influence sur l’axe frontal et le positionnement des implants dans les arthroplasties du genou sans navigation et ancillaire conventionnel

BackgroundCoronal alignment is an important factor for the function and longevity of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Coronal bowing of the lower extremity is common among Asians and it may pose a risk for malalignment of the lower leg and malposition of component. HypothesisWe hypothesized that coronal bowing itself has a risk for malalignment of the lower leg and malposition of femoral/tibial components and that navigation TKA is beneficial for patients with coronal bowing. We investigated the incidence of femoral/tibial bowing in patients treated with TKA and compared the radiographic parameters between the navigation group and the conventional group. Additionally, the influence of coronal bowing on these radiographic parameters was investigated. Materials and methodsWe enrolled 35 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 70 bilateral simultaneous TKAs. The patients underwent TKA with the use of a computer tomography-free navigation in one knee and conventional TKA in the contralateral knee. Preoperative coronal bowing were measured, and the subjects were divided into 2 subgroups, i.e. the bowing group and the non-bowing group. Lateral bowing was expressed as plus (+) and medial bowing was expressed as minus (–). Various radiographic parameters, including coronal bowing, lower leg alignment, component position, and outliers were compared between the navigation group and the conventional group. ResultsFemoral bowing varied from –7.4° to 10.9° with an average of 3.0°. Tibial bowing varied from –4.1° to 4.6° with an average of 0.4°. The femoral component was placed more properly in the navigation group. Number of outlier regarding to the coronal femoral component angle to the femoral mechanical axis was 14 cases (37.8 %) in the bowing group and 6 cases (18.2 %) in the non-bowing group (P=0.04). DiscussionIn conclusion, coronal femoral bowing has an important effect on femoral bone cut in TKA. The navigated TKA was more consistent than conventional TKA in aiding proper alignments of femoral component. Level of evidenceLevel II, comparative prospective study.