Propagation Of Cuttings Research Articles

Sexual and asexual propagation of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., a dioecious medicinal Brazilian shrub

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. is a pioneer plant native from Brazil that has great importance due to its secondary metabolites (essential oil and Brazilian green propolis) and its potential in the recovery of degraded areas. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the propagation techniques of B. dracunculifolia by sexual reproduction and asexual propagation of male and female stem cuttings. For reproduction, female individuals from a natural population were periodically monitored for their reproductive development and their diaspores were collected to evaluate the maximum dry mass accumulation to determine physiological maturity. The germination test was performed by testing four temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 20–30°C), in addition to the germination speed index (GSI) and first count. For vegetative propagation, stem cuttings (8 cm) of male and female individuals were treated with an indole butyric acid (IBA) solution at 0, 1,500, 3,000, 4,500, and 6,000 mg L−1. The cuttings were evaluated for mortality, survival, rooting, sprouting, leaf retention, callogenesis, number of roots, and average length of roots (cm) after 120 days. The physiological maturity of diaspores occurred at 40 days after anthesis, which was the best time for collection in the field. The temperatures of 25 or 20–30°C should be used in the germination tests of the species. The first count was identified four days after sowing and the last count after 11 days. The rooting of B. dracunculifolia cuttings is very low. Sex did not influence the evaluated parameters, but increasing IBA doses positively influenced rooting, number of roots, and average length of roots and negatively influenced calluses formation.

Effect of Stock Plant Growing Medium and Density upon a Cutting Propagation System for Tea Tree, Melaleuca alternifolia.

To offer a viable alternative to seedling deployment of tea tree, clones will require the development of an efficient, robust, and vegetative propagation system for the large number of plants needed for plantations (i.e., typically 33,000 plants/ha). This study investigated the productivity of an intensive management system for tea tree stock plants and rooted cuttings grown in a subtropical environment (Lismore, NSW, Australia). Three stock plant densities (30, 100, and 200 plants/m2) were tested in coir and potting mix media (consisting of peat+perlite+vermiculite), with 11 settings of cuttings undertaken between April 2019 and March 2020. All stock plants in each media type survived 11 harvests and remained productive; however after 13 months, many plants in the coir media, appeared chlorotic and showed symptoms of iron deficiency. Rooting and cutting survival rates using the mini cutting technique were high, ranging from a maximum mean monthly setting value of 87.7% ± 4 at 84 days post-setting in potting mix, to a minimum of 80.4% ± 3.7 in coir. The most productive treatment was at high stock plant density in potting mix which had the potential to produce 13,440 plants/year/m2. Overall coir appeared less productive, but the pattern of difference among treatments was similar. For the highest system productivity, it is recommended to grow stock plants in potting mix at high densities and modulate temperatures to between 18 °C and 28 °C. Late spring and early summer were the best time for harvesting and setting tea tree mini cuttings in the subtropics.

Study on Cutting Cultivation Technology and Rooting Mechanism of Cyclocarya paliurus

Abstract Cyclocarya paliurus is an important rare and multipurpose tree species in China. In view of the difficulty of asexual propagation of Cyclocarya paliurus, this paper explores the technical system of Cyclocarya paliurus cutting propagation from the aspects of cutting collection position and time, tannin removal pretreatment, hormone treatment, sand storage treatment, cutting matrix, environmental factors and physical factors, and discusses its internal physiological changes in the process of cutting rooting. This paper attempts to clarify the physiological characteristics of Cyclocarya paliurus in the process of cutting propagation and rooting. The results of this study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the cuttings propagation of Cyclocarya paliurus. The results show that the rooting rate of cuttings inserted on the mixture of perlite and vermiculite is up to 32.2 %. In summer, when the middle and upper parts of branches were treated with 300 mg/L rooting powder No. 1 and GGR-6 (Green Growth Regulator-6) mixture, the rooting rate was up to 44.4 %; in winter, the rooting rate of the base of branches was 36.7 % under the same treatment. During the rooting process of Cyclocarya paliurus, a large number of nutrients such as soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein were consumed. SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), POD (Peroxidase), and PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) are closely related to cutting and rooting. High activity SOD and POD are conducive to the expansion of cuttings, and high activity SOD and PPO are conducive to improving the stress resistance of cuttings. Hormone treatment can improve the enzyme activity and make the enzyme activity change in the direction conducive to rooting. The change of endogenous hormone content in cuttings reflects the rooting ability of Cyclocarya paliurus. Substrate heating and hormone treatment can regulate the content of endogenous hormone in cuttings during the rooting process, so as to affect the rooting effect, the stable total nitrogen content in cuttings was conducive to root formation.

Hedera Nepalensis Cutting Propagation Based on Fractal Theory for Promoting Green Environment

The green environment is the need of the hour. There are many techniques opted by the agriculture experts for Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation. In order to simulate the propagation pattern of Hedera nepalensis cuttings more vividly, the simulation method of Hedera nepalensis cuttings propagation based on fractal theory has been studied in this paper for promoting green environment. The rule of L-system to generate to Hedera nepalensis graphics is elaborated in detail. The composition of generators is represented by strings, and Hedera epalensis fractal images are generated repeatedly by recursive algorithm. Combining BSP technology (Binary Space Partitioning Tree) with L-system, the simulation model of Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation is designed. The mechanism and morphological difference of real Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation are investigated in detail. The different Hedera nepalensis organs are distinguished by static simulation and the mathematical model is established. With the help of GDI+, random functions are flexibly used in programming control to simulate the process of Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation. By determining the growth proportion coefficient of each organ and the growth coefficient of control parameters, the image of Hedera nepalensis cutting reproduction is generated continuously from the dynamic control parameters and the dynamic process of Hedera nepalensis cutting reproduction is simulated. The simulation results show that the simulation error of this method is less than 0.8%. The simulation process is simple and efficient, and the simulation results are vivid and viable to suggest newer solution for Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation to protect the environment.

Efficiency of Closed Cutting Propagation Affected by Closed Periods, Leaflet Number and Photoperiod in Rose (Rosa hybrida)

Efficiency of Closed Cutting Propagation Affected by Closed Periods, Leaflet Number and Photoperiod in Rose (Rosa hybrida)

Production of Acalypha wilkesiana seedlings using stem cuttings

The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting of cuttings of Acalifa (Acalypha Wilkesiana) with different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA). The matrix plant from which the cuttings were taken, is planted as a hedge and located at the biology institute of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in the city of Seropédica-RJ. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x3 factorial, with three different concentrations of IBA (0, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 or 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 for 15 seconds) and three types of cuttings (herbaceous, semi-woody and woody), with three replications and ten cuttings per plot. The experiments were carried out at two different times, namely: autumn and winter / spring. The following were evaluated: percentage of live cuttings, rooted, with callus and sprouting, number of roots per cut, length of the largest root. Acalypha wilkesiana can be propagated by stem cuttings, whether woody, semi-woody or herbaceous cuttings. However, herbaceous cuttings have a lower percentage of survival and rooting. Also, is a species of easy rooting through cutting of stems, dispensing with the use of AIB. Stems collected in the autumn period yield greater efficiency and productivity in the propagation of cuttings by cuttings.

Сорт мяты перечной Розовская Арома

The original plant of the peppermint variety Rozovskaya Aroma was obtained by vegetative propagation of cuttings of a mutant shoot with traits of increased length and altered leaf shape, discovered in 2010 on the variety Pamyat' Reznikovoy. As a result of vegetative propagation of cuttings, the breeding line L-9.24.455 was obtained, which received the commercial name "Rozovskaya Aroma". Based on the results of the variety trial of 2017–2019, the variety Rozovskaya Aroma exceeded the standard variety Vesna by 5.93 t/ha in terms of biomass yield. The shape of the bush of the variety Rozovskaya Aroma is semi-closed. Plant height is up to 95 cm. Leafiness degree 57.8%. The shape of the leaf blades is oval-rhombic, the color is green. The surface of the leaf is smooth, without pubescence. The size of the leaf blades is 6.0–7.0 × 2.5–3.5 cm. The inflorescence is loose, spike-shaped, with spaced whorls. The length of the inflorescences is 14–16 cm. Flowers are almost sterile. The color of the corolla of the flower is light pink. Stamens have undeveloped pollen sacs, and are longer than the corolla. The shape of the teeth of the calyx is triangular. The pubescence of the calyx is almost absent. The peppermint variety Rozovskaya Aroma is distinguished by a high content of essential oil in biomass – up to 4.70% and high yield of essential oil – up to 93.9 kg/ha. In 2020, the variety Ro-zovskaya Aroma was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation.

PENGARUH NOMOR RUAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum Vahl.)

Javanese chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a potential traditional medicine ingredient for Indonesian products which is used as an export commodity to various countries. The increasing demand for Javanese chili must be balanced with increased production through vegetative propagation of cuttings. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of survival, the effect of giving Rootone-F growth regulators, and the effect of a different number of cuttings source material on each growth parameter of Javanese chili cuttings. The research design used was a completely randomized design which consisted of 8 groups of cuttings source segments and the administration of a growth regulator Rootone-F in the form of a paste. The results showed that the average percentage of live cuttings, shoot cuttings, and rooted cuttings in all groups of cuttings of Javanese chili plants were classified as successful at 80-85%. Parameters that showed significant differences between treatments were only on the number of roots. The combination of the number of cuttings source segments from the seventh (R7) and eighth (R8) segments with the addition of a growth regulator Rootone-F in the form of a paste showed the highest growth for each parameter compared to the other segment numbers.

DIFFERENTIATION IN PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY TO CLIMATE AMONG ERIOGONUM FASCICULATUM SUBSP. FOLIOLOSUM (POLYGONACEAE) POPULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA

California, a hotspot of plant biodiversity, is projected to experience a significant increase in average temperature by the end of the century, from +1.5°C under low emissions to +4°C under medium-high emissions models. This warming could severely affect unique, endemic ecosystems like the chaparral. Phenotypic plasticity, the capacity of organisms to express different phenotypes in response to environmental cues, may be an important means by which plants adjust to climate change. Here, we examine differentiation in two traits related to climate adaptation, leaf length and trichome density, previously observed to differ qualitatively between coastal and inland populations of Eriogonum fasciculatum subsp. foliolosum (Nutt.) S.Stokes. We quantitatively verify these leaf trait differences, assess whether they are plastic to temperature, and also assess whether coastal and inland populations express this plasticity differently. We performed field collections, established a novel procedure for vegetative propagation of woody cuttings, and grew cuttings and germinated seeds in temperature treatments simulating current conditions and those projected by future climate models. Our results revealed that leaf traits of both populations respond plastically to temperature, and we also found differentiation for the plasticity expressed by the two populations. Population genetic analyses detected limited genetic differentiation and high gene flow between these two populations, indicating that the observed differentiation in plasticity may be locally adaptive. Together, these findings suggest that this system may exemplify genetic accommodation, in which the evolution of plasticity mediates adaptation, and imply that variation in plasticity is relevant to conservation strategies for this plant and other California native chaparral shrubs in the face of climate change.

Influence of Two Cutting Propagation Systems on Early Field Growth of Four Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis Clones in the Republic of Congo

Influence of Two Cutting Propagation Systems on Early Field Growth of Four Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis Clones in the Republic of Congo

Producing Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’) Rootstock in a Deep-Water Culture Hydroponic System

Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.

Vegetative propagation of Acalypha hispidathrough cuttings with different types of media

Vegetative propagation of Acalypha hispidathrough cuttings with different types of media

Significance to the Horticulture Industry

Significance to the Horticulture Industry

Comparative transcriptomic analysis uncovers conserved pathways involved in adventitious root formation in poplar.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01054-7.

Propagation of herbaceous unrooted cuttings of cold-tolerant species under reduced air temperature and root-zone heating

Vegetative propagation of herbaceous cuttings mostly occurs in greenhouses during late winter and early spring when outdoor radiation intensities and average daily temperatures (ADT) are seasonally low. To promote rapid callus induction and rooting, supplemental lighting and air and root-zone heating (RZH) can be utilized. Given that cold-tolerant crops have base temperatures <4 °C, reducing the air temperature is a potential energy saving strategy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify how reduced air ADT and increased RZH temperatures influence root initiation and development of cold-tolerant herbaceous annual and perennial crops propagated by cuttings. Shoot-tip cuttings of calibrachoa ‘Callie Coral’ (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), campanula ‘Birch Hybrid’ (Campanula portenschlagiana), nemesia ‘Aromatica Royal Blue’ (Nemesia fruticans), nepeta ‘Junior Walker’ (Nepeta × faassenii), osteospermum ‘Voltage Yellow’ (Osteospermum ecklonis), petunia ‘Sanguna Patio Blue’ (Petunia ×hybrida), phlox ‘Glamour Girl’ (Phlox paniculata), and rosemary ‘Arp’ (Rosmarinus officinalis) were inserted into a soilless medium and grown in a greenhouse with an air ADT and RZH temperature of 21 and 24 °C, respectively, for callusing. After 6 d, trays of cuttings were placed in two greenhouse compartments with air ADTs of 16 or 21 °C. Three benches within each compartment had RZH set points of 21, 24, or 27 °C. After 14 d, the interaction of air and RZH temperatures influenced stem length of nepeta, petunia, phlox, and rosemary. For example, increasing the air ADT from 16 to 21 °C and RZH set points from 21 to 27 °C increased stem length of nepeta by 2.5 to 3.7 cm. As air ADT increased from 16 to 21 °C at an RZH set point of 27 °C, shoot dry mass increased by 32% and 24% for calibrachoa and phlox, respectively. Root dry mass and liner pullability for osteospermum increased as air ADT increased from 16 to 21 °C at an RZH set point of 21 °C by 14 mg and 70%, respectively. Overall, the results from this study identify cold-tolerant crops that can be propagated with genera-specific RZH set points under a reduced air ADT without sacrificing liner quality or propagation time and highlights the importance of RZH for growers.

Changes in soluble and non-cellulosic carbohydrates composition and calcium content during stem tip cuttings propagation and production of Eustoma grandiflorum

Stem tip cuttings of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Kiri no Mine’ were rooted under a mist to determine the feasibility of vegetative propagation and to produce acceptable plants without showing any physiological disorder at flowering. Stem tip cuttings were rooted with 50 mm 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid (IAA) treatment. However, physiological disorders, such as die-back symptoms at the shoot apex and scorches at the margin of leaves, developed from the smallest leaves and affected nearly 50% of the cuttings. These disorders were from either leaching of macro- and micro-elements, particularly calcium (Ca), coupled with little or no translocation of radioactive Ca from the base of the cuttings to the young leaves and growing point. Plants from rooted cuttings that did not show any physiological disorder symptoms flowered later and produced fewer flowers than seed-propagated plants. Due to a reduction in growth vigor of some plants exhibiting a reduced number of top breaks and flowers, plants flowered 16 days later than plants without reduced vigor and produced only 4.3 flowers, as compared to 14.2 flowers of normal plants without showing reduced growth vigor. Although concentrations of the macro- and micro-elements of rooted plants were similar to those of seeded plants after planting rooted cuttings in a growing medium, reduction in growth vigor observed in some rooted plants cannot be explained by the leaching of macro- and micro-elements during the mist. Thus, carbohydrate and protein, which may have been leached from the cuttings were analyzed. Soluble carbohydrate content and monosaccharide composition hydrolyzed from polysaccharides after DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography was analyzed. Leachate contained primarily glucose, uronic acid, galactose, and protein in fraction III, suggesting that leaching of calcium in conjunction with carbohydrates and glycoprotein may be the cause of the expression of physiological disorder symptoms that affect the development of rooted cuttings. The reduction in growth vigor could be related to the leaching of free carbohydrates or polysaccharides, and some of the polysaccharides could be cell wall components rich in uronic acid. Calcium could be leached from cell wall fragments as a calcium-glycoprotein complex and the Ca concentration may not be restored during the resumption of new growth in 20 days when rooted cuttings were planted. Limiting factors for stem tip cutting propagation were physiological disorders, especially die-back of the shoot apex and reduced growth vigor observed at flowering when no physiological disorder symptoms were observed in rooted cuttings.

Early Root Development of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Seedlings from Seed and Stem Cutting Propagation Methods at Nursery Stage

Macropropagation using cutting for larger multiplying seedlings is cheaper and efficient instead of clonal seeds for uniform plant material seedling production. However, information on root growth of Eucalyptus pellita at early development from seed and stem cutting of E. pellita seedlings is still lacking. With such information, it is useful for forest plantation company management in enhancing the understanding of strategies to optimize yield production with the appropriate agronomic or silvicultural approach in the field of planting. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the root development of two different types of propagation seedlings of E. pellita and to study the effect of various nitrogen concentration levels on two different types of propagation of E. pellita seedlings. The study was conducted using E. pellita seedlings from two different types of propagation, namely, seed and stem cuttings, along with three different nitrogen concentrations (0, 50, and 200 kg N ha−1). Shoot biomass, root intensity (RI), total root intensity (TRI), root biomass, root length density (RLD), and specific root length (SRL) were recorded. Dried shoot biomass, RLD, and SRL of E. pellita seedlings using stem cutting were significantly higher ( P &lt; 0.05 ) compared to seed, whereas there were no significant differences ( P &gt; 0.05 ) for root biomass, TRI, and RI between the propagation types of E. pellita seedlings. In conclusion, E. pellita seedlings from stem cutting were greater in terms of root distribution compared to propagation by seeds at the nursery stage, and 50 kg N ha−1 was the optimal nitrogen concentration level from the considered levels to be applied to the E. pellita seedlings.

Assessment of propagation efficiency of Clematis L. green cuttings in Western Siberia

In recent years, clematis have become very popular in landscaping around the world. The representatives of this species are characterized by long-term decorativeness, a fast growth rate and a variety of forms. To meet the needs of urban landscaping, a large amount of planting material adapted to local conditions is required. In this regard, it becomes necessary to study individual parameters of their reproduction, taking into account the capabilities of producers of planting material in the region. The varieties that are well adapted to local climatic conditions, are stable decorative were selected as the objects of research. These are representatives of the Jacqueman groups (Rhapsody, Hagley Hybrid, Jerzy Popieluszko and Madame Baron Veillard) and Viticella (Purpurea Plena Elegans, Polish spirit, Ville de lyon). The varieties Ville de lyon (93%), Madame Baron Veillard (82%), Purpurea Plena Elegans (80%) have the highest root-forming ability. The propagation of cuttings is influenced by many factors such as the phenological phase of development during the harvesting of cuttings, the microclimate parameters in the artificial fog greenhouse and the varietal characteristics of the culture. In the future, it is necessary to work out the issues of deplantation of annual plants into containers for overwintering in protected ground.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF ROOTING HORMONES ON Momordica cochinensis (GAC FRUIT) ROOT VINE CUTTINGS

Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit) grows as perennial climbers and dioecious plants, where it can be cultivated from seeds, root tubers, and root vine cuttings. Rooted vine cuttings are more reliable than seed propagation, which can be affected by dormancy and delay production. The application of auxin group of hormones such as Indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA), and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in certain concentrations shown good results in inducing root initiation faster and effective. However, experimental data and information on the plant growth hormone application on M. cochinchinensis vine cuttings propagation are not very extensive, especially in Malaysia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of IAA, IBA, and NAA on M. cochinchinensis vine cutting propagation. The design of the experiment is a randomized complete block design in a factorial experiment, with five replications. The treatments comprised three types of plant growth hormone, IAA, IBA, and NAA with 0, 500, 1000, and 3000 ppm concentrations. Data recorded were surviving rate or percentage of rooting, root numbers per rooted cutting, means of root length, length of longest root, total root length per rooted cuttings, sprouting percentage, and sprouting length. The vine cutting treated with IBA and NAA 1000 ppm has shown a considerably positive effect in root formation and sprouting.

Ficus enormis cuttings rooting: concentrations of indole butyric acid and seasonal variations

Plants producing fruits for many months of the year, or at times when few species bear fruits, are highly valuable for restoration of degraded ecosystems due to their ability to attract and support dispersing fauna. An example of this are native fig trees such as Ficus enormis. Thus, in view ofthe difficulties for F enormis seedlings production, we aimed at developing a method of cuttings propagation by evaluating the rooting and root vigor of cuttings from a field clonai garden. The experiment was established between June/2015 and May/2016 at Laboratory of Forest Species Propagation of Embrapa Florestas, in Colombo-PR. We evaluated collection of cuttings during three seasons (winter, spring and summer) and application of concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid - IBA (O, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 mg L-1). After 45 days of cuttings establishment in an acclimatized greenhouse, the best results for rooti ng , number of roots, average length of the three largest roots per cutting and maintenance of leaves and shoots were found in spring and summer. Using plant regulator did not influence the rooting or root vigor of propagules; the time of the year was the predominant factor to induce rooting. The results show that the cuttings technique with propagules from a clonai garden is efficient for producing F enormis plants and can serve as a basis for the species propagation.