Promising Raw Material For Production Research Articles

Production of plant protein from seeds and cake of industrial hemp: Overview of processing methods for food industry

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multifunctional raw material with a wide spectrum of applications. A huge interest in hemp has arisen in the food industry comparatively recently. Seeds and cake of hemp have the high protein content (20.00-38.70% and 27.90-40.70%, respectively), which makes them a promising raw material for production of concentrates, isolates, and hydrolysates for the food industry. Hemp cake is distinguished by the high content of fiber (17.41-60.38%) and can be used as a prebiotic component of food. In terms of the amino acid content, the amino acid composition of hemp exceeds the corresponding indicators of the reference protein recommended by WHO. The content of lysine is the only indicator, in which hemp protein is inferior to the “ideal” protein. Digestibility of protein of hulled hemp seeds is in a range from 90.8% to 97.5%, which is comparable to digestibility of casein. Digestibility of hemp isolate is 88-91%, which is 21.9% higher than that of soy protein isolate. Peptides and amino acids contained in hydrolysates of hemp protein can show the high biological activity. Hydrolysates attract interest among researchers not only because of their bioactivity but also because of their high digestibility and nutritional value. Targeted proteolysis is a tool that facilitates an improvement in the functional-technological properties of protein. Seeds and cake are a promising raw material for using in food technologies to produce vegetable oil, dietary fiber, protein preparations and functional products. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main methods for industrial hemp processing and promising directions of using protein products from waste of hemp oil production in the food industry.

Towards just transition of coal regions - Cultivation of short rotation copies and dedicated energy crops for biomass co-firing vs photo voltaic power plants

• Abandoned coal mine areas to continue sustainable use now in the green energy business. • Options proposed include forming biomass plantations vs construction of solar power plants. • Sustainability criteria such as economic, environmental and social aspect need to be considered. • Decision can be made using both aggregated economic analysis and multi criteria sustainability assessment. In developing countries, which dominantly produce electricity by burning coal, energy transition represents a significant challenge. Short rotation coppice and dedicated energy crops could be a promising raw material for production of biofuel and its further usage for electricity and heat generation. This work assesses possibilities and elaborates on the sustainability of cultivation of short rotation coppice type willow and dedicated energy crop Miscanthus on former areas of coalmines belonging to the largest power utility in Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. – Sarajevo. Abandoned coal mine areas were mapped and, by settled criteria, dedicated either to future photovoltaic power plants integration or the cultivation of energy crops and their further use in the considered generation portfolio mix. In order to assess the contribution of both photovoltaic power plants and biomass in the upcoming energy transition process, an adequate method has been developed in this article and specific sustainability indicator groups determined to further calculate the sustainability ratio. The paper focuses on economic, environmental and social indicator groups, which were used to perform the aggregated economic analysis and the multi criteria analysis. Performed aggregated economic analysis lightly favours the construction of photovoltaic power plants over the use of willow as fuel. In this analysis, Mischantus is lagging far behind due to its lower yield compared to willow. The multi criteria analysis on the other hand, valorises the social indicator adequately and the sustainability ratio results are much closer for both considered renewable sources types. This shows the importance of a comprehensive approach and definition of appropriate methods to enable decision-makers to draw appropriate conclusions.

Investigation of electricity generation performance of grape marc in membrane-less microbial fuel cell

Grapes are among the most widely grown fruits globally, with a third of the overall production used in winemaking. Both red and white winemaking processes generate significant amounts of solid organic waste such as grape marc that requires proper disposal. Grape marc, a natural plant product containing abundantly lignocellulosic compounds, is a promising raw material for production of renewable energy. In this study, the grape marc was used as an anode nutrient in the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) system, and the electricity generation capacity of the grape marc as an environmentally friendly energy source was investigated in detail. The maximum power density produced in the ML-MFC reactor was determined as 274.9 mW m-2, and the total internal resistance was 309.5 Ω. Cyclic voltammetry results showed the presence of electroactive microorganisms on the surface of the anode electrode provided a high biological activity. The presence of elliptical and round-shaped microorganisms on the anode electrode surface was observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyzes have shown that grape marc supports bacterial growth on the electrode surface.

The content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in in vitro plants and tissue culture of Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv.

Aim. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in in vitro plants, regenerated plants, plants grown in a growth chamber, and tissue culture of several genotypes of Deschampsia antarctica. Methods. In vitro culture, Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. The total content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content was determined in the samples of three D. antarctica genotypes: G/D12-2a (2n=26), DAR12 (2n=26+0–3B) and Y66 (2n=36–39). The content of these biologically active compounds was the highest in in vitro plants and it was higher than in plants grown in a growth chamber. The highest content of BAC was found in DAR12 in vitro plants (16.50 mg of ferulic acid equivalent and 21.26 mg of rutin equivalent per g of dry weight, respectively). The regenerated plants did not differ significantly in the content of BAC from the original in vitro plants. In tissue culture, the content of BAC was lesser. One- and two-year-old tissue cultures did not differ significantly in the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Conclusions. The relatively high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in in vitro plants and in regenerated plants indicates that in vitro cultivated D. antarctica plants can be a promising raw material for production of valuable BACs. Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv., in vitro plants, plant tissue culture, phenolic compounds, flavonoids.

КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НЕКОНДИЦИОННОГО НЕФРИТА

Актуальность. В последние годы наблюдается повышенный интерес к нефриту. Спрос на него требует разработки новых месторождений. Однако более 70 % добытого нефритсодержащего сырья является некондиционным, невостребованным, оказывающим отрицательное воздействие на разные сферы жизни. Кроме того, происходит расхищение некондиционного нефрита и вовлечение его в незаконный оборот. В связи с чем использование его в производстве различных видов продукции является актуальной задачей не только с экологической, но и с технологической стороны. Цель: установить возможность использования некондиционного нефритсодержащего сырья в производстве строительных материалов. Объекты: нефритсодержащие породы Улан-Ходинского месторождения Восточного Саяна. Методы: химический, гранулометрический, механический методы анализа. Результаты. Дана характеристика Улан-Ходинского месторождения Восточного Саяна. Изучены некондиционные породы, образуемые в результате добычи и выделения ценных фракций из нефритсодержащего сырья. Установлено, что щебень из них имеет высокое качество. Он относится к Первой группе щебня, устойчив против всех видов распадов и стойкий к воздействию окружающей среды. Песок из отсевов дробления некондиционного нефрита является крупным песком с зернами угловатой формы, обеспечивающей качество получаемых материалов. Определен модуль кислотности породы равный 1,59; модуль основности – 0,63; силикатный модуль – 12,66; а коэффициент качества – 0,66. По своим показателям некондиционный нефрит имеет высокое качество и может использоваться в производстве строительных материалов. Однако установлено, что он не обладает возможностью твердеть самостоятельно, но способен выступать в роли гидравлической добавки в составе композиционных материалов. Получены цементные вяжущие композиции с добавкой некондиционного нефритсодержащего сырья, изучены их физико-механические свойства. Установлено, что прочность материалов зависит от количества добавки и времени измельчения сырьевой смеси. Определены технологические параметры получения тяжелых бетонов с использованием нефрита. Выводы. Таким образом, некондиционный нефрит представляет собой перспективный сырьевой материал для получения новых видов строительных материалов. Вовлечение его в производственный оборот позволит извлекать дополнительную прибыль при переработке нефритсодержащего сырья, а также минимизировать негативное воздействие добывающих предприятий на окружающую природную среду. Кроме того, утилизация некондиционного нефрита предотвратит его расхищение и вовлечение в незаконный оборот нефрита.

EXCHANGE OF VARIOUS CALCIUM FORMS IN ORGANISM OF RATS WITH PREDNISOLONE OSTEOPOROSIS

Relevance. In order to reduce osteopenic condition, as well as risks of osteoporotic fractures in patients who are on long glucocorticoid therapy, additional intake of calcium-containing medications is required. Application of preparations of natural origin for prevention of osteoporosis and increase of treatment efficiency is relevant, with mollusc shells being likely to be considered as promising raw material for production of calcium-containing medications.The aim of the work was to carry out comparative research of efficiency of metabolising in organisms of rats calcium obtained from Rapana shells (carbonate) or shells treated with citric acid (citrate) at the background of long-terms intake of prednisolone.Materials and methods. The research was performed on white rats of outbred breeding, which for two months were modelled prednisolone (5 mg/kg) osteoporosis with addition to the diet of non-treated (calcium carbonate) and treated with citric acid (calcium citrate) crashed Rapana shells for prophylaxis. Rapana shells were analysed for content of zinc, lead and cadmium by method of flameless atomic absorption photometry, of calcium – by method of titration with murexide, of phosphorus – spectrophotometrically. The research also included determination of day amount of calcium obtained by a rat organism and excreted with urine and feces. In femur of rats bone mineral density, content of calcium and activity of phosphatases were determined.Results and conclusions. Comparative study of preventive introduction of calcium carbonate and citrate from Rapana shells found certain advantages of impact of calcium citrate on rat organism. Thus, in spite of the fact that when given citrate, rats received 3.5 times less calcium than with carbonate, the former contributed to achievement of more efficient reduction of calcium excretion with urine and inhibition of bone AP activity at the background of considerable activation of osteogenesis and inclusion of calcium into composition of bone tissue hydroxyapatite, as well as more expressed increase of mineral density of femur of rats which experienced long-term introduction of prednisolone.In case of preventive intake of calcium citrate by rats the amount of calcium in their organism was 2.9 times lower than in case of carbonate intake, but that calcium had more positive effect on the condition of bone system of rats with osteoporosis, which might be explained by higher bioaccessibility of the said form of calcium, as well as expressed ability of citrate to regulate metabolism, namely to slow down prednisolone-induced destructive processes in bone tissue. Moreover, with equal introduced dose of both forms of calcium (300 mg/kg), rats which received carbonate preserved a higher level of calcium, which can have negative consequences for functioning of kidneys, liver and cardiovascular system. An important conclusion of the research is the fact of considerable reduction of the level of heavy metals in the process of treating Rapana shell with citric acid.Key words: osteoporosis; calcium citrate; calcium carbonate; Rapana.

Fruits of new selection forms and varieties of snowball tree for manufacture of products of therapeutic and prophylactic purpose

The paper presents the results of the comparative assessment of varieties and selected breeding forms of the snowball tree (Viburnum opulus L., Adoxaceae). The article presents the biochemical composition, marketable and taste qualities of fruits of varieties and elite forms of the snowball tree of regular selection of the Institute of Horticulture of the NAAS and its network, grown under conditions of the Central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. We selected the sources of specific economic and valuable features: large-fruits (weight of the fruit of 1.24–1.80 g, weight of bunch of 109–126 g – Velykoplidna, Ania, Uliana, ЕF-3-10-2010), high taste qualities – degustation evaluation of 8.8–9.0 points and chemical composition of fruits (EF-5-12-2012, EF-3-10-2010, Bagriana, Koralova). The study revealed that the fruits of some selection samples are promising raw materials for production of food products and ingredients of functional purpose, including syrups, mors, juices (varieties Kоrаlоvа, Bаhrianа, Аnia, Uliana, ЕF-3-10-2010, ЕF-5-12-2012, ЕF-7-31-12 with sugar-acid index of 4.86–7.63 and juiciness of the fruit of 4.86–7.63%); jelly, marmalade (Bаhrianа, Аnia, Kоrаlоvа, ЕF-3-10-2010, which have increased content of pectic substances – 9.1–13.0 mg/kg and Р-active compounds – 740–950 mg%); powdered food additives (Kоrаlоvа, ЕF-3-10-2010, ЕF-5-12-2012, ЕF-7-31-12); manufacturing pharmaceuticals (ЕF-2-56-13). Consumption of these products reduces the risk of diet-related diseases, preventing deficiency and replenishing nutrients in the human body, thus preserving and improving health due to the presence of physiologically functional ingredients in their composition. The modern food industry is paying more attention to healthy food with a balanced composition of nutrients, including functional products. Today the snowball tree is a nichе plant both in Ukraine and in the world. According to national scientists and market analysts, today some important factors of the cultivation expediency of snowball tree fruits can be distinguished. The weather and climate and soil conditions in Ukraine are quite favourable for cultivation of this plant. The creation of raw material zones would allow the population to be provided with functional products in sufficient quantity, and, if necessary, allow this plant to be cultivated for export.

Pyrolysis of Nordic biomass types in a cyclone pilot plant — Mass balances and yields

Fast pyrolysis of biomass results in a renewable product usually denoted pyrolysis oil or bio-oil, which has been suggested to be used as a direct substitute for fuel oil or as a feedstock for production of transportation fuels and/or chemicals. In the present work, fast pyrolysis of stem wood (originated from pine and spruce), willow, reed canary grass, brown forest residue and bark has been performed in a pilot scale cyclone reactor. The experiments were based on a biomass feeding rate of 20kg/h at three different reactor temperatures. At the reference condition, pyrolysis of stem wood, willow, reed canary grass, and forest residue resulted in organic liquid yields in the range of 41 to 45% w/w, while pyrolysis of bark resulted in lower organic liquid yields. Two fractions of pyrolysis oil were obtained, denoted as the condensed and the aerosol fraction. Most of the water soluble molecules were collected in the condensed fraction, whereas the yield of water insoluble, heavy lignin molecules was higher in the aerosol fraction. Based on the results of the present work, willow, reed canary grass and forest residue are considered as promising raw materials for production of pyrolysis oil in a cyclone reactor.

Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate for Ethanol Production by Baker's Yeast and Loog-Pang

Oil palm empty fruit bunch is a potential source of glucose which can serve as a promising raw material for production of ethanol. Ethanol production was investigated by using separation hydrolysis and fermentation process (SHF), in which yeast from loog-pang (a Thai traditional fermentation starter culture) and baker's yeast were used as biocatalyst. After alkali pretreatment with 15% w/v NaOH for 40min at 130°C, Cellulose was analyzed to be 61.94% (on dry weight basis). Glucose was 33.45g/L after cellulose was hydrolyzed by 7% v/v H2SO4 at 119°C for 110min. The resulting aqueous phase rich in glucose was fermented by yeast from baker's yeast to produce ethanol with the concentration of 8.49g/L with is 56 times higher than loog-pang as yeast. Therefore, implementation of oil palm empty fruit bunch for the development of alternative source of energy could be an effective approach and key enable to the billion-ton biofuel vision.

Steam Explosion Pretreatment and Ethanol Extraction of Wheat Straw

It has been increasing the interest in the study of alternative pulping processes that conciliate high performance and protection to the environment. In the same way, the use of agricultural residues has been more and more reminded as promising raw material for production of bioethanol and chemical products. The wheat straw is a very abundant agricultural residue and it has been used in many countries for the production of cellulosic pulps. This work describes the effect of the pretreatment by steam explosion on the ethanol-water extraction of wheat straw. The samples of wheat straw were treated by steam explosion at 190°C and 210 °C for 4 minutes and later transferred to the treatment with ethanol-water (1:1, v:v) at different temperatures (140, 160 and 200 °C) and 60 minutes as reaction times. The pretreatment led to an increase in the amount of extracted lignin in the ethanol pulping. This effect was more pronounced in the pulping performed at lower temperatures. The use of higher temperatures in the treatment by steam explosion was more significant as shown by lower pulp yield and higher extractive extent.

High-viscosity and bituminous crudes: promising raw materials for production of jet and diesel fuel

High-viscosity and bituminous crudes: promising raw materials for production of jet and diesel fuel

Evaluation of Structure Influence on Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulating Materials from Renewable Resources

The development of new thermal insulation materials needs to evaluate properties and structure of raw material, technological factors that make influence on the thermal conductivity of material. One of the most promising raw materials for production of insulation material is straw. The use of natural fibres in insulation is closely linked to the ecological building sector, where selection of materials is based on factors including recyclable, renewable raw materials and low resource production techniques In current work results of research on structure and thermal conductivity of renewable resources for production thermal insulating materials are presented. Due to the high abundance of renewable resources and a good its structure as raw material for thermal insulation materials barley straw, reeds, cattails and bent grass stalks are used. Macro- and micro structure analysis of these substances is performed. Straw bales of these materials are used for determining thermal conductivity. It was found that the macrostructure has the greatest effect on thermal conductivity of materials. Thermal conductivity of material is determined by the formation of a bale due to the large amount of pores among the stalks of the plant, inside the stalk and inside the stalk wall.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.494