Inter-basin water transfer projects (IBWTPs) play a crucial role in addressing the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and ensuring water security in the receiving areas. However, these projects are subject to various risk factors during their operation. While risk management is critical, current research in this field lacks a systematic and dynamic approach. A three-dimensional measurement model for probability, loss, and risk value, based on Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory, Bayesian networks, and the equivalence method, was established in this study and, in consideration of the engineering characteristics of the IBWTP, a dynamic transmission evolution model for risk is constructed. The applicability and effectiveness of the model are demonstrated through a case study of the Central Line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (CLPSNWD). The results indicate that the system risk of the CLPSNWD is in an unstable state, with the key influencing factors being channel engineering risk, flood disaster risk, pipeline engineering risk, and water transfer (discharge) cross-structure risk. The research findings offer a novel approach to the quantitative analysis and evolution of risk and contribute to the further development of engineering risk management theory.

Posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) is associated with improved spinal alignment and function in patients with severe thoracolumbar Pott deformity. However, the loads it places on spinal implants can result in those implants breaking or loosening, which can result in instability, pain, and unplanned reoperations. Identifying the controllable factors associated with implants breaking or loosening may be beneficial in the development of more effective surgical strategies. What (1) radiographic and (2) clinical factors were associated with implant failure (defined as the mechanical failure of implanted spinal instrumentation) among patients who underwent PVCR surgery for severe thoracolumbar Pott deformity? Between January 2013 and June 2020, we treated 168 patients who underwent PVCR for severe thoracolumbar Pott deformity. Twenty-four percent (41) of patients, however, were lost because of incomplete data, incompliance, emigration, nonsurgical-related death, less than 2-year minimum follow-up, or they had not been seen in the last 5 years, leaving 76% (127) for analysis here. There were 56% (71) males and 44% (56) females, with a mean ± SD age at surgery of 39 ± 11 years. Mean follow-up time was 45 ± 12 months. Two trained spine surgeons independently measured spinopelvic parameters, demonstrating excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99; p < 0.001). Based on the occurrence of implant failure, which we defined as a mechanical compromise of spinal instrumentation (such as screws, rods, plates, titanium mesh, or cages) resulting in loss of structural integrity, spinal instability, or neurologic deficits, participants were categorized into an implant failure group (n = 19) and a no implant failure group (n = 108). Comparative analyses were conducted on surgical-related data (such as apex location, number of resected vertebra, instrumented levels, anterior support, and use of multiple rods) and spinopelvic parameters (such as local kyphosis, residual segmental kyphotic angle [RSKA]-which we defined as the angle formed by the projection lines extending from the upper and lower endplates of the healed focal vertebra-sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic tilt). Notably, before the two-sample t-test, normality distribution and homogeneity of variance test (Levene test) were performed. Cox regression analysis was employed to determine the independent factors associated with postoperative implant failure. DeepSeek-V3 was utilized to enhance the spelling and grammatical accuracy of the writing. After controlling for potentially confounding variables such as age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), BMI, and the number of instrumented levels, we found that a higher RSKA was associated with increased risk of implant failure (HR 1.15 per 1° increment [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.22]; p < 0.001). We also found that BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 was associated with an increased risk of implant failure after controlling for variables such as age, sex, BMD, and the number of instrumented levels (HR 6.61 [95% CI 1.99 to 22.00]; p = 0.002), and that use of multiple rods was associated with a decreased risk of implant failure (HR 0.19 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.90]; p = 0.04). Differences were observed between the two groups regarding BMI, instrumented levels, and whether multiple rods were used. Furthermore, there were differences in postoperative spinopelvic parameters such as local kyphosis, RSKA, and sagittal vertical axis between the two groups. However, no difference was found for other spinopelvic parameters including cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and coronal balance. The results from Cox regression analysis indicated that RSKA, BMI, and the use of multiple rods are independent factors associated with postoperative implant failure. Larger RSKA, increased BMI, and the absence of multiple-rod constructs were identified as factors associated with implant failure in severe thoracolumbar Pott deformity. PVCR requires adequate anterior column support and kyphosis correction, and multiple-rod constructs are recommended for reducing the risk of implant failure. Level III, therapeutic study.

We present a method for constructing all bounded rational motions that frame a space curve r ( t ) \mathbf {r}(t) . This means that the motion guides an orthogonal frame along the curve such that one frame axis is in direction of the curve tangent. Existence of (bounded) framing motions is equivalent to r ( t ) \mathbf {r}(t) being a (bounded) rational Pythagorean hodograph curve. In contrast to previous constructions that rely on polynomial curves with smooth self-intersection, our motions and curves are infinitely differentiable. To this end, we develop the theory of Pythagorean hodograph curves parameterized over the projective line. We also provide a simple geometric necessary and sufficient condition on the spherical part of the motion, given by the homogeneous quaternionic preimage of the Pythagorean hodograph curve, that ensures the existence of a corresponding bounded, rational, and even regular framing motion. The translation part comes from the speed distribution, which must be a special positive rational function. This can in practice be ensured by semidefinite optimization methods. We illustrate our findings with a number of examples.

Automorphism groups of maximum scattered linear sets in finite projective lines

Based on a 220[Formula: see text]kV transmission lines project in Hunan Province, China, and following the principle of dynamic similarity, a three-phase transmission lines test model is designed and fabricated. In accordance with the experimental requirements, a noncontact electromagnetic excitation system is developed and used to investigate the vibration reduction characteristics through the coupling between the three-phase transmission lines. For the three-phase line arranged in a triangular configuration, six different coupling topological configurations of interphase spacers are designed. The experimental results show that the spiral-type topological configuration provides the best vibration reduction effect. Under dangerous resonant excitation conditions, the comprehensive vibration reduction rate for the first four modes of in-plane conductor galloping is 72%, and the comprehensive vibration reduction rate for the first three modes of out-of-plane conductor galloping is 64%. Based on the optimal coupling topological configuration of interphase spacers, the influence of coupling strength on vibration reduction performance is further investigated. The experimental results indicate that the conductor’s amplitude initially decreases, then exhibits slight vibration, and finally increases as the axial stiffness of interphase spacers increases. When the axial stiffness of interphase spacers is between 60% and 220% of the vertical stiffness at the midspan of the transmission lines, the line reaches its optimal slight vibration state, achieving the best vibration reduction effect.

Sustainability of donor-funded projects remains a critical challenge for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya, particularly after the withdrawal of donor support. In this regard, the project team needs to employ strategies to ensure project sustainability and meet long term project goals. This study investigated the influence of stakeholder engagement on the sustainability of such projects, using FIDA Kenya’s toll-free call lines initiative as case study. The study focused on the following specific research objectives; to determine the influence of stakeholder identification on sustainability of donor funded projects; to evaluate the extent to which stakeholder involvement impacts sustainability of donor funded projects in NGOs and to examine the stakeholder communication methods used to achieve project sustainability. The study was anchored on stakeholder theory, supported by sustainability theory, participatory development theory and institutional theory. The research adopted explanatory and cross-sectional research design to capture a snapshot of the effect of stakeholder engagement strategies and their impact on project sustainability. From a study population of 3,135, the target population of 90 stakeholders directly and indirectly involved was selected. The study used census sampling technique, the target population of 90 formed the sample size. The study achieved a response rate of 74%, with 67 completed questionnaires. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS version 27, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize stakeholder perceptions, while inferential statistics including correlation and regression analyses were employed to determine the strength and nature of relationships between stakeholder engagement variables and project sustainability. The analysed data was presented using tables and graphs for clarity. The findings revealed that stakeholder identification (β = 0.923), stakeholder involvement (β = 0.587) and stakeholder communication (β = 0.981), significantly influence project sustainability, while legal and regulatory compliance (β = 0.161) plays a supportive role. The regression model demonstrated that these factors collectively explain 82.2% of the variation in project sustainability (R² = 0.822). The study concludes that structured and inclusive stakeholder engagement strategies is essential for long-term project viability. The study recommended that NGOs in Kenya should consider adopting evidence-based stakeholder engagement strategies by systematically identifying, involving, and communicating with stakeholders throughout the project phases. These insights are valuable for NGOs, donor agencies, and policymakers seeking to enhance the sustainability of donor-funded initiatives.

This study examines the deployment of a Common Data Environment (CDE) during the extension of a major North American metro line—an infrastructure project marked by complex stakeholder dynamics and fragmented digital practices. Employing a four-phase action research approach (diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation), the research identifies inefficiencies in existing document management through contract reviews, field observations, and stakeholder interviews. In response, three standardized processes were introduced to streamline document workflows within the Autodesk Construction Cloud (ACC). These processes enabled partial automation of data handling, reduced reliance on manual inputs, and improved the consistency of information exchanges. While constrained by limited governance and executive engagement, the initiative demonstrates the potential of CDEs to support digital integration and automation in construction. Findings highlight the need for early planning, field-level support, and a strategic framework to ensure sustainable adoption. The results contribute practical insights for leveraging CDEs to enhance automation in large-scale infrastructure projects.

We compute the resultant measures for the iterations Pj, j≥1, of a polynomial P of degree &gt;1 on the nth level Trucco trees Γn, n≥0, in the Berkovich projective line over a non-archimedean field and also determine their barycenters. As applications, we study the asymptotic of those barycenters as n→∞, and establish a uniform stationarity of Rumely’s minimal resultant loci of Pj or equivalently that of the potential semistable reduction loci of Pj as j→∞. We also establish several equidistribution results for the resultant measures themselves as n→∞.

This research aims to give a general view of a thorough analysis of the while building road embankments on soft ground and suggests a course for future development Roadbed construction is an important part of the road project, and the quality of the subgrade is directly related to the quality of the entire road project. The subgrade works include the subgrade itself, related earth (stone), small bridges and culverts along the line, retaining walls, shoulders, slopes, drainage pipes, and other projects. Depending on whether the roadbed is located in a cut or in an embankment, it has its own specific aspects and a different structure. There is a discussion of frequently employed soft-ground improvement methods. In many parts of the world, particularly along deltas and coastal regions, there exist thick deposits of soft ground, such as soft marine and estuary clay. These soils have bad geotechnical characteristics, such as a high natural moisture content that is almost liquid, a high compressibility, and low shear strength. Embankments on such soft terrain, which are frequently used for highway building, are frequently impacted by edge stability and long-term settlement. The approaches, findings, and historical cases that contribute to the stability of the road embankment are examined. The research demonstrates that the construction of the road embankment is complicated by settlement, slope stability, and soil-bearing capacity. Geometric data is also discovered to be a crucial element in embankment design. This study's findings can be utilized to create design guidance systems, numerical modeling, and to provide an overview and background knowledge to other researchers who are conducting or plan to conduct research in this area. Understanding the behavior of these components is essential for producing a successful embankment. Finally, research directions for the future are related to artificial intelligence-based predictions of the elements that influence the stability of road embankments.

A new statistical reconstruction method with rebinning as a technique for reducing the dose in CT scanners utilizing a flying focal spot.

The HTS Cable Line Project in St. Petersburg, History and Implementation

In 2003, Brazil's National Urban Mobility Policy adopted the principles of sustainable urban Mobility at which the Urban Mobility Master Plan (PlanMob) is an instrument for implementing this at municipal level. In this context, this article analyses whether the Urban Mobility Plan for São José dos Campos incorporates the principles of sustainability, based on guidelines aimed at prioritizing active modes of transport and public transport. The methodology, which is exploratory and descriptive, is comprised of 23 themes that interfere with the municipal urban mobility policy and the implementation of actions aimed at sustainable development. The results show that the municipality has incorporated the principles of sustainability through programs such as “Vou de Bike”, the expansion of the cycling network and the Green Line project, which reinforce the city's commitment to more sustainable mobility. These actions contribute to environmental sustainability by promoting more efficient and low impact commuting alternatives, as well as allowing São José dos Campos to consolidate itself as a model of innovation and efficiency, which was recognized in 2022, when the city was awarded the title of smart city.

Abstract To enhance the effectiveness of mechanized overhead transmission line construction, this study introduced an evaluation model utilizing FUCOM-F-CM to assess its performance. The method adopts the FUCOM method based on triangular fuzzy numbers to determine the weight of evaluation indexes, and combines the cloud model to establish a performance evaluation model, using the obstacle degree model to judge the short board factors, to judge the constraints affecting the level of performance of mechanized construction of overhead transmission lines to improve the level of performance, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted performance measures. Finally, the method was applied to an overhead transmission line project. Through empirical research, the performance evaluation results were analyzed, and corresponding improvement measures were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for formulating targeted performance improvement measures.&amp;#xD;

Introduction: This study is part of the broader Stem Line project Mito-Cell-UAB073, specifically focusing on "Stem Cell Lines-Quality Control," and aims to innovate in the field of Quality Control (QC) through a unique, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered model known as Life Cell AI UAB. This model utilizes deep learning algorithms and computer vision, allowing it to make accurate viability assessments of cell and stem cell lines based solely on static images captured through standard optical microscopes. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an AI-driven, image-based model that reliably predicts cell line viability. Methods: Our methodology involved training the Life Cell AI UAB model on single static images of cell lines using advanced computer vision and deep learning techniques. Performance evaluation was conducted on three independent blind test sets sourced from various biotechnology laboratories, allowing for assessment across diverse environments. Results: The Life Cell AI UAB model achieved a sensitivity of 82.1% in identifying viable cell lines and a specificity of 67.5% for non-viable lines across the test sets. Each blind test set exhibited a weighted accuracy above 63%, with a combined accuracy of 64.3%. Notably, predictions showed a clear distinction between correctly and incorrectly classified cells. The model outperformed traditional QC methods by improving accuracy in binary classification tasks by 21.9% (p = 0.042) and demonstrated a 42.0% enhancement over conventional Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) procedures (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The Life Cell AI UAB model represents a notable advancement in biobanking QC, offering a precise, standardized, and non-invasive method for assessing cell line viability. This model has the potential to streamline QC processes across laboratories, minimizing the need for time-lapse imaging and promoting uniformity in QC practices for both cell and stem cells.

Using the matrix-resolvent method and a formula of the second-named author on the n -point function for a KP tau-function, we show that the tau-function of an arbitrary solution to the Toda lattice hierarchy is a KP tau-function. We then generalize this result to tau-functions for the extended Toda hierarchy (ETH) by developing the matrix-resolvent method for the ETH. As an example the partition function of Gromov-Witten invariants of the complex projective line is a KP tau-function, and an application on irreducible representations of the symmetric group is obtained.

Summary In Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), a fiber-optic cable is used as a distributed seismic sensor, with channels representing successive short sections of the fiber, spaced at defined intervals along the 1D fiber axis. Typically, the positions of these channels are assumed to be a line projection along the cable's position. In reality, a fiber-optic cable contains many fibers that are not perfectly straight and are thus longer than the cable itself. Consequently, the real channel positions may not correspond to a simple interpolation along the cable axis. Moreover, the precise cable coordinates are often sensitive information and may not be provided to the end user who uses the cable for sensing applications. On land, a tap test is usually carried out before the start of a DAS acquisition to determine the exact channel locations. DAS with marine horizontal cables has recently been used for various offshore applications, including seismic imaging. To avoid errors in the seismic image, a precise receiver location is required. In this paper, we propose a traveltime-based inversion workflow to determine a more accurate channel position on the seafloor. Moreover, we show that we can resolve an unknown time shift between the acquisition and the recording system, in addition to the fiber position.

Abstract In the present notes, we study a generalization of the Peterson subalgebra to an oriented (generalized) cohomology theory which we call the formal Peterson subalgebra. Observe that by recent results of Zhong the dual of the formal Peterson algebra provides an algebraic model for the oriented cohomology of the affine Grassmannian. Our first result shows that the centre of the formal affine Demazure algebra (FADA) generates the formal Peterson subalgebra. Our second observation is motivated by the Peterson conjecture. We show that a certain localization of the formal Peterson subalgebra for the extended Dynkin diagram of type $\hat A_1$ provides an algebraic model for “quantum” oriented cohomology of the projective line. Our last result can be viewed as an extension of the previous results on Hopf algebroids of structure algebras of moment graphs to the case of affine root systems. We prove that the dual of the formal Peterson subalgebra (an oriented cohomology of the affine Grassmannian) is the zeroth Hochschild homology of the FADA.

A new tool for the model theory of differentially closed fields and of compact complex manifolds is here developed. In such settings, it is shown that a type internal to the field of constants (resp. to the projective line) admits a maximal image whose binding group is an abelian variety. The properties of such abelian reductions are investigated in the Galois-theoretic framework provided by stability theory.Several geometric consequences for the birational geometry of algebraic vector fields of characteristic zero are then deduced. In particular,(1)it is shown that if some cartesian power of an algebraic vector field admits a nontrivial rational first integral then already the second power does,(2)two-dimensional isotrivial algebraic vector fields are classified up to birational equivalence and(3)algebraic vector fields whose finite covers admit no nontrivial factors are studied in arbitrary dimension.Analogues of these results in bimeromorphic geometry are also obtained.

ABSTRACTThe group acts 3‐transitively on the projective line . Thus, an orbit of its action on the ‐subsets of the projective line is the block set of a 3‐ design. We find the parameters of the designs formed by the orbit of a block of the form or , where is a primitive element of .

When traversing strata characterized by highly developed karst formations, shield tunneling machines are susceptible to incidents such as head sinking, surface collapse, and water inrushes. Consequently, karst reinforcement becomes a critical factor in ensuring the safety and success of shield tunneling operations in such geological conditions. However, conventional grouting technologies often face challenges, including severe grout leakage and suboptimal reinforcement outcomes, thereby introducing significant risks to tunneling activities. In this study, the limitations of traditional sleeve-valve pipe grouting technologies in reinforcing karst strata were examined, using the Dapeng Branch Line project of the Shenzhen-Huizhou Intercity Railway as a case study. To address these issues, a mold-bag sleeve-valve pipe grouting technology, specifically designed for karst reinforcement, was developed. Its construction procedures and key technical aspects were systematically investigated, and a field grouting test was performed to assess the applicability and reliability of the proposed method. The results indicated that, in karst strata with extensively developed fissures, conventional sleeve-valve pipe grouting methods encountered significant problems, including grout leakage, grout surfacing, and the inability to retrieve intact reinforced bodies from karst cavities. Consequently, the karst treatment effect failed to meet the requirements. In contrast, the proposed mold-bag grouting technology enables precise grouting in karst cave areas, reducing grout loss and forming complete reinforced bodies within the karst cave areas.