Project Site Research Articles

A Two-Stage Evaluation Framework for Underground Space Development in Green Spaces: A Case Study of Binjiang District, Hangzhou

In the current context of tight constraints on land resources in major Chinese cities, the development of underground space in green spaces (USGSs) has become an important approach to exploit land use potential and alleviate the contradiction between human and land resources. Evaluating USGS development potential scientifically is crucial for project site selection and improving underground space utilization. However, most studies have focused on underground space as a whole, with limited attention to single land use types, and research on USGSs has mainly concentrated on planning and design. This study proposes a two-stage evaluation framework for urban green spaces, identifying suitable development areas while safeguarding ecological functions. The framework evaluates from “restrictiveness” and “suitability”: first extracting developable green spaces by restrictiveness evaluation and then assessing development potential by suitability evaluation. This approach overcomes traditional methods that disregard prerequisite relationships among factors. A case study in Binjiang District, Hangzhou, showed that small green spaces and connectivity were key limiting factors for the development of USGSs. The proposed framework could provide some degree of reference for future development potential evaluation of USGSs, and the results could provide actionable guidance for high-density built environments similar to Binjiang District.

The Use of Agile and Scrum Methods in the Implementation of Advertising Media Construction Projects Reviewed from Time Limitations and Project Locations Adjacent to Cultural Heritage Buildings

The project by PT Adhi Kartika Jaya, JJ Promotion, is a high-value investment project on Jalan Kertajaya Surabaya, near the Cultural Heritage Building Viaduc Kertajaya. The project aims to install outdoor billboards with a strategic location and work hours between 00:00 WIB and 06:00 WIB. To achieve expected results, construction management over existing resource assets is crucial. The project must focus on preventing damage to cultural heritage buildings, implementing K3 (Occupational Health and Safety) aspects, and completing on time. Thorough documentation is necessary to identify vulnerable points and ensure safety equipment is used. The project is divided into two main stages: backlog/stage in the workshop and backlog/stage at the project site. After completion, the project area is cleaned and inspected to ensure safety. The project serves as a lesson for exploring broader project management knowledge, such as the Agile Method with Scrum and Kanban tools.

Analisis Penyelidikan Tanah Pada Proyek Pembangunan Service Center Rawa Buaya, Jakarta Barat

Soil investigation is an important step in construction planning to determine soil characteristics and bearing capacity. This study aims to analyze soil conditions at the Rawa Buaya Service Center Building Development Project site, West Jakarta. The study uses soil data based on the results of the Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). The data obtained are used to evaluate the soil profile, soil bearing capacity, and other geotechnical parameters relevant to the needs of the foundation design. The methodology used involves collecting primary data through field testing and taking soil samples for laboratory analysis. In addition, secondary data from previous geotechnical reports and geological maps are also used to support the results of the analysis. The results of the study indicate that the soil at the study site consists of layers of clay, silt, and sand with varying bearing capacity values depending on the depth. Based on the study, the results of the comparison of the bearing capacity values of the pile foundation permit for CPT data with a depth of 6m obtained from the Sondir1 (S1) point with the Bagemann method of 52.09 tons, and the Wesley method of 43.68 tons. For Sondir2 (S2) point, the Bagemann method is 54.5 tons, and the Wesley method is 51.95 tons. For Sondir3 (S3) point, the Bagemann method is 61.95 tons, and the Wesley method is 58.2 tons. The bearing capacity value of the pile foundation permit for SPT with the Meyerhof method is 66.98 tons.

Implementasi Accurate Accounting Software dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Operasional pada Perusahaan Refraktori (Studi Kasus PT Menara Bukit Lubukkeli)

In the face of globalization and rapid technological advancements, companies are under pressure to improve operational efficiency. This study examines the impact of implementing the Accurate management information system on operational efficiency at PT. Menara Bukit Lubukkeli. The research employs a descriptive qualitative methodology, analyzing data from literature reviews, case studies, and interviews. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of Accurate significantly enhances operational efficiency in several areas. First, the system reduces the time required to prepare financial statements, compile purchase and sales data, and manage inventory across warehouses and project sites. Second, it contributes to the reduction of operational costs, particularly by minimizing the need for external parties in preparing annual financial reports. Lastly, Accurate improves the accuracy of various reports, including financial statements, inventory, and project cash flow. The study concludes that Accurate has proven effective in enhancing both efficiency and accuracy in the company’s operational processes. These findings highlight the importance of adopting integrated management information systems to streamline business operations and improve overall performance.

Use of community-based surveillance to enhance emerging infectious disease intelligence generation in Indonesia

BackgroundCommunity-based surveillance (CBS) refers to a structured process whereby community members systematically detect and report events of public health significance occurring within their communities. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Indonesia has taken steps to enhance national preparedness for future health threats, focussing on expanding the use of CBS. Given the novelty of CBS’s use in Indonesia, we undertook this research to provide evidence-based advice to guide its implementation across the country’s diverse communities and operational contexts.MethodsWe employed three strategies to gather data: a content analysis of policy documents related to CBS implementation in Indonesia, site visits, and interviews with purposefully selected key informants from the animal, wildlife and human health sectors, planning agencies, village leadership, and inter-government coordination bodies. We conducted additional interviews with staff from the United Nations and donor development assistance agencies involved in CBS implementation in Indonesia. A semi-structured tool guided the interviews, and we analysed the data using an inductive approach.ResultsWe identified eight policy documents, visited six CBS project sites, and interviewed 120 key stakeholders. Key themes that emerged included the need for greater clarity on the scope, purpose, and function of CBS and how data collected intersect with and is used within Indonesia’s broader early warning disease surveillance architecture, a need to harmonisation CBS legislation and implementation guidance across and within ministries, and that ongoing investment in essential health system building blocks – workforce, data systems, and analytical capacity – is required to ensure the scalability and sustainability of CBS across the country.ConclusionsAlthough CBS holds promise for strengthening public health security in Indonesia, key challenges related to common understanding, workforce capacity, data flow, and system governance must be addressed if the strategy is to make a meaningful contribution. Effective collaboration among government ministries, administrative levels, and community stakeholders is crucial for adapting CBS to balance local and national health security priorities, while ensuring stability, sustainability, and scalability across Indonesia’s diverse contexts.

Kebutuhan Banyaknya Titik Roof Outlet Pada Sistem Pemipaan

The JST 01 Data Center development project is located on Jl. Bidara Cina in the Jatinegara District, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. The MT. Haryono Data Center stands at an elevation of 65 meters above sea level and comprises 14 floors, divided into two work areas: Gantry and IX. Rainfall at the JST 01 Data Center project site is recorded at 318.5 mm/h, based on data processed from BMKG Kemayoran, Cengkareng, and Pondok Betung stations. The analysis follows the Singapore Standard SS 525-2006 Code of Practice for Roof Drainage. The building's total roof area is 2,128.43 m², necessitating 14 Roof Outlet points for the operation of the Siphonic Rainwater System. Of these, five Roof Outlets are allocated to the Gantry area, while nine are distributed across the IX area.

Menentukan Biaya Dan Waktu Pelaksanaan Erection Konstruksi Baja Mill Building Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

This research aims to assess the costs and duration associated with the erection of steel structures in the Mill Building of PT. Tunggal Yunus Estate Palm Oil Mill, located in Kampar, Riau. The palm oil sector plays a significant role in Indonesia's economy, making the presence of Palm Oil Mills (PKS) essential for palm oil production. Utilizing a quantitative methodology with a case study approach, the study analyzes work volume, equipment and labor productivity, as well as cost and time estimations. Results reveal that the erection period for the steel structure is 40 calendar days, which corresponds with the actual time recorded on-site. The overall cost of erection is IDR 276,075,000.00, resulting in a unit cost of IDR 1,854/kg. Various factors affecting costs and duration include weather conditions, the challenging muddy terrain of the project site, and the coordination among work teams. This study offers valuable insights for the planning and budgeting of future steel construction projects within the palm oil industry.

Analysis of road settlement on soft soil using 3D finite element method: A case study of the Amata Smart City construction project, Chonburi phase 2

The research explores the settlement patterns of road structures built on soft soil at the Amata Smart City Chonburi Phase 2 through evaluating the performance of soil cement column (SCC) support as a ground stabilizing strategy. Soft clay layers extending from 10 to 14 meters deep make up the project site and create substantial difficulties for bearing capacity and long-term subsurface movement. Although the effectiveness of SCC has been widely studied, limited research has addressed the feasibility of constructing roads without SCC by enhancing the strength of native soft soils. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating alternative soil improvement techniques. A three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) was analyzed to forecast settlements in two conditions involving road structures with or without SCC support. Predicted settlements received evaluations in construction time and the following 30-year operational span. The existing soil strength was evaluated through a parametric analysis to determine whether strengthening the soil would be a suitable alternative to SCC. Without SCC in road construction, maximum settlements amounted to five times higher than those built with it, specifically in the road center area. An Elastic Modulus of 600 MPa proved to be the most effective strength improvement of the original soil, resulting in a 12.28% reduction in differential settlement and a slight 1.75% reduction in total settlement. Applying suitable soil improvement methods allows road construction on soft soil to remain possible by omitting SCC procedures. SCC remains the most effective method for settlement control; however, road construction without SCC is also feasible when the soft soil subgrade is sufficiently improved. Research findings create knowledge that helps developers achieve better road designs, which balance performance quality and economical construction expenses on soft clay-dominated sites.

The Public Interest Acquisition of Land for Development

Background. Soil is essential to all human life on Earth, and the existence of land is an inseparable component of human existence. Development is vital to enhancing human quality of life, and the demand for land as a capital asset is increasing in tandem with development activities. Aims. The government urgently needs land for the planned project site to catalyze development for both itself and the commercial sector. Methods. Normative studies focus on the analysis of legal principles, statutes, and regulations, particularly those related to research and the legal challenges that arise in this context. Data sources are identified through a literature review, employing both primary and secondary data derived from research projects and reviews. Primary data was obtained by analyzing laws, regulations, and documents related to land purchase. Result. Land acquisition for public interest aims to acquire land for developmental projects that promote the welfare and prosperity. Land acquisition must be conducted in accordance with the principles of the 1945 Constitution and national agrarian laws of the nation, state, and society, while safeguarding the legal rights of rightful proprietors and aligning with national and state values. Conclusion. Therefore, land purchase restrictions satisfy procedural justice requirements. Once the impacted parties have been compensated, the land acquisition is deemed complete

Contemporary Assessment of Construction Material Waste Management effect on Final Costs of Projects in Nigeria: An Empirical Approach

This paper presents an evaluation of the extent to which materials waste management in construction project sites affect final project cost. Nigeria is the largest African country with potentials for construction and building investment; and thus the problem of construction material waste is well known in Nigeria; but it seems not to be given the recognition or the attention it deserves. This paper therefore used descriptive survey research design and thus random sampling technique; hence 161 construction professionals from two notable indigenous firms in Enugu state formed the population of the study, from which a sample size of 115 was arrived at. In the analysis descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed for descriptive analysis and hypothetical testing respectively; while earned value analysis (EVA) was deployed in the secondary data for the effect of material waste on final project cost. Finally analysed was done using SPSS version 24 for ease of computation. The result of the research shows that that implementation of material recycling on site have a significantly positive impact on final cost of construction projects as it will reduce projects marginal cost. Also the study concludes that the variation between the volume of material used in a project and the volume of material waste in such a project will give similar or more percentage variation between the planned cost of the project and final cost of the project. This means that the effect of the material waste in a project will not reduce the final cost of a project but rather will increase the cost. It recommends that a pragmatic mathematical model for the quantification of onsite-material waste and the mathematical equation for managing material waste and cost overruns be developed by construction firms.

Mixing Tub and Washing Box for Finishing Work

This tool aims to reduce the impact of dirt arising from the finishing work of a building. The tool consists of two main parts: the dolak (mixing tub), which serves as a place to prepare the mixture, and the washing box (or washing tub), which is used for cleaning work equipment. By combining these two functions into one tool, the scattering of plaster or paint mixture can be avoided. With the presence of a stirring tub and washing box for finishing work, the cleanliness of the surrounding road environment can be maintained during the project implementation period. Dirty asphalt settling work can be eliminated, thus saving project costs. The project site will remain cleaner compared to when using cement mix, as the stirring tub is directly connected to clean water and the sewer system. Additionally, the mixture used will be more economical, as less is wasted. The use of this tool should be included in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for finishing work to ensure that cleanliness in the project environment is consistently maintained.

Effects of construction disturbances on tunnel displacement and the protective role of soil reinforcement in metro tunnels

This paper analyzes the effects of construction disturbances on tunnel displacement and the protective role of soil reinforcement in metro tunnels through laboratory tests and numerical simulation. Initially, disturbance zones were delineated for a specific project in Zhejiang Province based on the unloading ratio and field disturbance tests conducted at the Gaotangqiao metro station excavation site in Ningbo. The primary soil layer at the project site, silty clay, was artificially disturbed by incorporating salt grains and different amounts of cement into remolded soil. Uniaxial and triaxial tests were conducted to examine the engineering properties of disturbed and natural soils. The relationship between the cement content and the disturbance degree was established and verified through compressibility, shear strength, and structural yield stress indices, from which the parameters for the Hardening Soil Model with Small Strain Stiffness (HSS) were obtained. The impact of pit excavation construction on tunnel displacement was analyzed using Plaxis3D, taking into account the degradation of soil properties due to construction-induced disturbance. Additionally, the impact of disturbances from soil reinforcement construction on the protective efficacy for metro tunnels was systematically evaluated. The results show that with a cement content of 2%, the compression index, shear strength index, and structural yield stress were essentially equivalent to those of the undisturbed soil. The vertical displacement of the tunnel increased by 18.3% due to construction disturbances. During the construction of the foundation reinforcement, concrete mixing piles and tunnel grouting caused disturbances in the foundation soil, leading to additional displacements of the tunnel, with tunnel grouting showing the most significant disturbance-induced displacement. The portal reinforcement method was identified as the most effective at minimizing tunnel deformation, offering substantial protection with minimal intervention and ease of implementation.

Supply Chain Management of Ready-Mix Concrete in Large-Scale Projects and Short Time (Case Study: Construction of Yogyakarta International Airport, Kulonprogo)

The Yogyakarta International Airport Project, valued at IDR 5.8 trillion, demands an exceptionally high daily supply of ready-mix concrete—approximately 7,000 m³—within a tight timeframe of only eight effective months. Given that concrete work constitutes 20% of the total project value, an efficient and reliable supply chain becomes essential. This research aims to simulate and analyze supply chain management (SCM) strategies specifically for the procurement of ready-mix concrete, with the objective of identifying the most efficient supply pattern to ensure both quality and timely delivery. Using production capacity analysis and SCM simulation, the study reveals that existing batching plants on and around the site can only meet a daily capacity of 5,272 m³. To bridge the gap, a self-managed batching system is proposed, which involves establishing three new batching plants at the project site, each with a 1,000 m³/day capacity, while centralizing raw material procurement under the project team for quality control. The simulation results show that the self-management model is more cost-effective, reducing the price of ready-mix concrete from IDR 936,833.00 to IDR 895,392.00 per m³, yielding a cost efficiency of IDR 41,441.00 per m³. These findings highlight the importance of SCM optimization and self-management strategies in large-scale infrastructure projects for enhanced cost and quality control.

Literature Review: Factors Affecting Labor Productivity in the Construction Sector

Labor productivity in the construction industry plays a crucial role in project success, particularly in terms of efficiency, cost, and completion time. However, the sector faces persistent challenges in improving productivity due to various factors, such as workforce skills, project management, rapid technological changes, and strict safety regulations. This study aims to identify the dominant factors influencing construction labor productivity using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. By analyzing 100 scholarly articles from indexed international journals, data synthesis was carried out based on the frequency of factor occurrences in the literature. The findings indicate that communication between project management and workers is the most dominant factor, appearing in 82 references. This is followed by work experience (81 references) and supervisor experience (77 references), highlighting how expertise and leadership at project sites significantly influence workforce efficiency. Additionally, these factors are categorized into ten main groups, with Site Operations & Management being the most influential category (11.93%), followed by Motivation (11.81%) and Construction Workforce (11.57%). Other factors, such as design changes, material quality, and weather conditions, also contribute to productivity, albeit with lower frequencies. These findings underscore the importance of effective project management, clear communication, and workforce experience in enhancing productivity at construction. Nevertheless, the results of this study may not fully apply to all types of projects due to differences in location and project conditions. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the impact of other factors, such as technology and regulations, on improving labor productivity in the construction sector.

UFREN WORKER: A USER-FRIENDLY MOBILE APPLICATION SOFTWARE TO IMPROVE CONSTRUCTION SITE COMMUNICATION

Effective communication among project participants in construction site is a real dilemma for construction projects productivity. To improve the efficiency of participants in construction projects and ensure a speedy delivery of these projects, this research presents the development of a mobile-based project monitoring system to support construction site communication. In line with the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 as mobile phone as Internet of Thing (IoT), the mobile apps (Ufren Workers Mobile Apps) is designed to enhance or improve communication between project manager, site supervisors and site workers at the construction sites. Development of Ufren Worker was conducted based on the main objectives; current requirement existing mobile-based apps, real-time progress tracker features and validate the practicality of user friendly mobile-based project monitoring system to construction site team. The analysis was conducted on developed program according to its practicality and suitability. There were 11 respondents involved as beta-users to evaluate their satisfaction level and validation rating on the Ufren Workers Mobile Apps from the questionnaire given. Overall, Ufren Workers Mobile Apps scored 4.5 (good) mean in total based on perception toward satisfaction evaluation that has been rated. Ufren Workers Mobile Apps provide simplicity of system, good optimization, attractive user interface design, useful updating progress and top notch performance. Nonetheless, features on Ufren Workers Mobile Apps should be upgraded due to the demand of technological growth. There are many competitors developing mobile worker apps in the market that provide the latest features with good optimization. This app is imperative to facilitate communication in construction sites, which is much needed in this information intensive sector.

PROTOTYPING AN ENGINEERED ALGAE FIELD TO ATTENUATE LONG SWELLS

Sea level rise, increased storminess and land changes due to plate tectonics threaten South America’s western coasts with flooding, beach erosion and infrastructure damage. The significant amount of coastal systems exposed to such hazards in the region has motivated the design, construction and monitoring of a new prototype of engineered algae field (EAF), aimed to attenuate waves and reduce erosion, a widespread impact in Chilean coasts (Martínez et al. 2021). The EAF will be deployed by mid-2024 in a management and exploitation area of benthic resources (AMERB) located in Maitencillo (32.64°S,71.44°W), Chile. With this applied research project, we aim to fill a gap in a research topic where literature is focused on relatively stable coasts, shallow waters and mild wave climates which substantially differ from the highly energetic wave conditions and relatively deep shores found in subduction zones. The study aims to assess the technical feasibility of the EAF using local kelp species on the project site, and if proved successful, to scale up the solution. The design process considers a combination of numerical and physical models to assess the performance of the EAF. Once deployed, a monitoring scheme will include measuring its hydraulic efficiency, structural stability and algae growth rate for one year. The project is funded by ANID’s agency under grant FONDEF ID23I10078.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEBERHASILAN REHABILITASI HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI DESA TINGKEM KECAMATAN BANGJERANGO KABUPATEN GAYO LUES

Forest and land rehabilitation are an effort to restore the function of areas that have been degraded due to deforestation or forest degradation. However, various challenges hinder the effective implementation of rehabilitation activities, resulting in a low success rate. This research aims to identify the factors influencing the successful implementation of forest and land rehabilitation (RHL) activities in Block BJR-3, Tingkem Village. Data were collected through field surveys and in-depth interviews with local communities and analyzed descriptively. The results indicate that the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation in Block BJR-3, Tingkem Village, faces several obstacles that hinder its success. These include the presence of multiple area managers across different villages, free-roaming community livestock at the project site, pest infestations affecting plants, inadequate maintenance, and a lack of supervision from relevant stakeholders. consequently, these challenges have led to suboptimal implementation of the rehabilitation activities.Keywords: Community participation, Deforestation, implementation challenges, success factors, Tingkem village

Assessing the Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation Index During Revegetation Activities: A Remote Sensing Study on Berau Regency, East Kalimantan (2015-2021)

Coal mining, particularly open-pit mining methods, induces severe environmental degradation, including deforestation, loss of flora and fauna, and soil erosion. Consequently, extensive revegetation efforts are necessary to restore and rehabilitate the damaged vegetation. This study uses remote sensing techniques to investigate the correlation between land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation density over six years of revegetation activities. Temporal Landsat 8 imagery from 2015 to 2021 was used for data analysis. Image processing involved transforming the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and extracting LST data. Statistical correlation analysis using Pearson correlation was employed to analyze the data. Results indicate a notable decline in land surface temperature at the project site from 2015 to 2021, attributed to the gradual reduction of open spaces from coal mining activities, which were gradually replaced by vegetation cover. Concurrently, NDVI values at the site significantly increased over the same period, indicating the successful transition from barren land to vegetated land. Moreover, a substantial correlation between LST and NDVI values was observed, as denoted by Pearson coefficient exceeding 0.7, with a strong negative correlation. This underscores the significant relationship between vegetation cover and land surface temperature dynamics. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of revegetation efforts in mitigating the adverse impacts of coal mining on the environment. They highlight the crucial role of remote sensing in monitoring and assessing the progress of rehabilitation activities, guiding future revegetation strategies for sustainable land management and ecosystem restoration.

Construction Practitioners’ Perception of Construction Site Safety Performance in Ghana

Abstract There are significant literature gaps in Ghana's construction sector regarding safety performance, worker satisfaction levels, and safety performance challenges, needing a more extensive and mixed-methods study. Hence, the study adopted a mixed-methods approach in studying the construction sites practitioners’ perception across 79 sites in five regions by evaluating 534 surveys and 36 interviews through descriptive and inferential analysis and thematic analysis, respectively. The findings revealed that construction project sites have a generally positive safety culture, with a strong emphasis on reducing accidents and injuries. Despite acknowledging areas for improvement, respondents expressed great satisfaction with safety performance, key factors being motivation, compliance, worker participation, and management. A variety of safety performance challenges were raised: leadership commitment, communication barriers, PPE management, compliance, operational welfare, and regulatory challenges. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in perceptions of some of the safety performance and satisfaction metrics, suggesting the need to consider multiple occupational perspectives when evaluating safety performance and satisfaction. The study proposes all-encompassing approaches to enhance construction safety in Ghana, including educational initiatives, legislative changes, and doable actions like frequent safety audits and incident reporting. Reliance on self-reported data, restricted geographic coverage, and a limited focus on safety performance are among the limitations, underscoring the necessity of more research to fill up these gaps. With useful insights for contractors, lawmakers, and stakeholders, this study advances knowledge of safety performance in Ghana's construction industry.

Understanding Perceived Impacts of Large-Scale Projects on Forest-Edge Populations

Forests are increasingly under pressure due to rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, and the conversion of forest land for non-forestry uses. In Istanbul, large-scale infrastructure projects—including a major airport, motorways, and a bridge—constructed in forested northern regions have led to significant land use change, generating complex social and environmental impacts. This study examines how local populations perceive the social consequences of these projects. Data were collected through 995 questionnaires across 25 neighborhoods and semi-structured interviews with 18 neighborhood headmen and 5 representatives from NGOs and professional organizations. Exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize perceptions, and Mann–Whitney U tests assessed differences based on proximity to project sites and project type. The findings indicate that both proximity and project type play a key role: residents living closer to the projects—and particularly those living near the airport—report more negative impacts, including feelings of insecurity, increased accident risk, limited employment opportunities, loss of forest, agricultural, and pasture lands, heightened environmental, noise, and air pollution, as well as adverse effects on physical and mental health. Measuring and mitigating these impacts during and after the projects is essential. Properly conducted, audited, and effective social impact assessments are of vital importance for the local people living around the project.