Program Evaluation And Review Technique Research Articles

Network Analysis on Phase 1B Building of the University Health Centre, FUTA, using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Project planning and scheduling plays a vital role in estimating the time and cost angle of a project. Finalizing a project on time and within the budget is challenging. This study focused on finding the shortest possible time required to complete the phase 1B Building project of the University Health Centre, FUTA and also to evaluate the probability of completing the project within the stipulated time. This project work has been able to give a concise view about network analysis in building construction; definitions of some terms commonly used in network analysis was also stated. Also, an introduction to CPM and PERT was stated; assumptions of CPM, advantages and disadvantages of CPM were stated; assumptions, advantages and disadvantages of PERT were also stated. Data analysis was carried out and all the possible routes of the activities involved in the building project were found; the location of the critical path of the building project was also found; the expected duration for every activity in the building project was determined; the probability of completing the project within the stipulated time was also evaluated. The results showed that there is a 50% chance for the project to be completed within the stipulated time. With the information gathered on the building project, the project was delayed due to some factors such as low circulation of money, inadequate equipments, loss of some weeks due to a change in plan, and inadequate manpower; thus, there was a two month difference between the initial completion and the now actual completion time.

Microscale failure analysis of the ultra-high-performance polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete panel subjected to high thermal loading induced by fire exposure

To date, many buildings are prone to fire from non-structure systems like high-pressure laminates and insulated cladding systems. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been applied to the cladding systems due to its excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and non-flammable characteristic. To improve its mechanical properties under fire condition, different fibres like PP fibre have been employed to reinforce UHPC. The tensile strengths of these ultra-high-performance PP fibre reinforced concrete (UHPPFRC) panels vary due to the different orientations of internal PP fibres. However, few studies have been carried out on the internal stress and fire resistance of these claddings. Study on understanding the fire behaviours and failure process of the UHPPFRC panel is essential for developing claddings with better fire resistance and durability. In this study, a coupled hygro-thermal–mechanical model is developed to predict the internal stress and temperature distribution within the UHPPFRC panel. The microscopic failure process of PP fibre and porosity change within the panel during heating are all embodied in the model, and its accuracy has been validated. The initial and the residual tensile strengths of the UHPPFRC panel are considered to fluctuate between two extrema due to the random fiber orientation. Based on this, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is applied to investigate the effects of fibre dosage and heating rate on retarding crack propagation and failure of the UHPPFRC panel under high temperature. Results from the numerical investigation indicate that 0.55% dosage of PP fibre can effectively postpone crack occurrence and propagation within the UHPPFRC panel at linear elastic phase, and faster heating rate can accelerate the pore pressure generation process. Also, internal fibre orientation is a significant factor affecting the fire endurance of the UHPPFRC panel subjected to elevated temperature, which should be considered for safety and reliability evaluation of the structure.

Schedule compression and emerging waste in construction: an assessment of overlapping activities

PurposeCompressing the schedule by using overlapping activities is a commonly adopted approach for accelerating projects. However, this approach might channel a variety of risks into the construction processes. Risks imply waste; still, evaluating the effects of using overlapping activities on schedule quality has been a looming gap in construction research. Therefore, this paper aims to study the quality of overlapping in terms of emerging waste and to demarcate the boundaries of the overlapping envelope.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a method for assessing the consequences of implementing overlapping activities in a schedule on two types of waste namely waiting time and variation gap. A critical path method (CPM) network including eleven activities is modeled stochastically where the durations of individual activities are sampled as beta-distributions. Using program evaluation and review technique (PERT) assumptions to calculate the schedule dates, the network is simulated for various amounts of overlapping and the corresponding waste is quantified each time.FindingsResults show that not only the returns on overlapping are diminishing after a certain overlap percentage, but also waste in the production system increases. Particularly, results reveal that compressing the schedule leads to a decrease in variation gaps, but at the same time, it leads to a larger increase in waiting times, which creates more waste.Originality/valueThe presented study shows through simulation how overlapping activities affects productivity by identifying wastes. It shows that despite the apparent gains, overlaps should be used with caution, and while considering the side-effects of increased waste which introduces a need for increased managerial awareness.

Probabilistic Scheduling Based On Hybrid Bayesian Network–Program Evaluation Review Technique,

Project scheduling based on probabilistic methods commonly uses the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). However, practitioners do not widely utilize PERT-based scheduling due to the difficulty in obtaining historical data for similar projects. PERT has several drawbacks, such as the inability to update activity dura- tions in real time. In reality, changes in project conditions related to resources have a highly dynamic nature. The availability of materials, fluctuating labor productiv- ity, and equipment significantly determine the project completion time. This research aims to propose a probabilistic scheduling model based on the Hybrid Bayesian Network-PERT. This model combines PERT with Bayesian Network (BN). BN is used to accommodate real-time changes in resource conditions. The modeling of BN diagrams and variables is obtained through an in-depth literature review, direct field observations, and distributing questionnaires to experts in project scheduling. The model is validated by applying the proposed model to a 60 m concrete bridge construction project in Indonesia. The simulation results of the proposed model are then compared with the case study project to assess the model’s accuracy. The result of the study shows that the proposed hybrid Bayesian-PERT model is accurate and can eliminate the weaknesses of the PERT method. Besides being able to provide an accurate prediction of project completion time (93.4%), this model can also be updated in real-time according to the actual condition of the project

ESTIMATING HOUSE CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION TIME WITH PROBABILISTIC ACTIVITIES DURATION USING THE PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) METHOD

Construction housing projects involve many risks and uncertainties that can affect their completion time. To ensure a construction housing project is completed on time, an accurate duration estimate is required for each activity. Deterministic duration methods, such as the Critical Path Method (CPM), are commonly used in project scheduling for construction projects. However, this method may not always produce a realistic schedule as it uses only a single duration estimation for each activity. As an alternative, this study uses the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which utilizes three duration estimates namely optimistic duration, most likely duration, and pessimistic duration. A house construction project with 23 activities was analyzed using CPM to find the critical activities which produced 59 days of completion time. The critical path duration was then analyzed using PERT. PERT calculations found that there was only a 15% probability to complete the project in 59 days, and the project needed 66 days of completion time with a 95% level of confidence. The findings of this study indicate that PERT can assist project managers in creating a more realistic project schedule by considering the risks and uncertainties in estimating the duration of its activities.

Optimasi Pembangunan Tangki Air Tanah dan Sanitasi Menggunakan Metode Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) dan Critical Path Metode (CPM) Agar Efektif Biaya Dan Waktu

The success or failure of project implementation is often due to the lack of planning of project activities and ineffective control, so that project activities are inefficient, this will result in delays, decreased quality of work, and increased implementation costs. Project management is carried out to manage the project from start to finish. This study aims to determine the optimal time and cost of a ground water tank and sanitation development project at Al-Mulk Hospital, Sukabumi City. The more optimal the time obtained will help the company complete the project at optimal cost. The method used here uses quantitative and data collection techniques through observation, interviews and literature. With the method of data analysis using the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Patch Methode (CPM).

Critical path planning for discharging older adults using a functional perspective

AbstractThis study aims to introduce an innovative method to schedule and analyze the discharge planning processes under uncertain individual activity completing times. Hospital care processes ending in discharging older adults represent a major challenge, as a number of interrelated tasks or activities are involved in the processes. The functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) is used to identify activities that constitute a descriptive model of the discharge planning processes and to assign the completion time to each task or activity. Then the critical path planning technique is utilized to identify the critical path of the discharge process. To this end, the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is employed. Published data regarding six older patients are used to examine the potential utility of the introduced method to improve the discharge process of older adults. The results show that the integration of the FRAM and PERT is able to identify the critical activities that constitute the critical path of the discharge process. It also helps analyze the completion time assigned to each task/activity and calculate the completion time of the discharge process. The probability of completing the discharge process within a target completion time is also discussed. The results add further evidence showing the applicability of the FRAM and PERT to scheduling systems for the discharge planning processes. Health care professionals could use the findings of this study in designing a scheduling system to complete the discharge process of older adults in a reasonable time.

The Program Evaluation Review Technique - Improved Sub-Structure Chaining Diagram (PERT-ISSCD): A New Tool for Project Planning in Developing Countries (DCs)

The Program Evaluation Review Technique - Improved Sub-Structure Chaining Diagram (PERT-ISSCD): A New Tool for Project Planning in Developing Countries (DCs)

Determining the Accuracy of the Triangular and PERT Distributions

The Triangular and PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) distribution probability density functions are commonly used in decision and risk analyses. These distributions are popular because they are each specified by only three points (two support bounds and the mode) that are believed to be easy to assess from experts or data. In this paper, we carefully analyze how close the Triangular and PERT distributions are to other distributions sharing the same support and mode and show that the errors induced by the Triangular and PERT distributions are significant. We further show that distributions that are characterized by the median tend to provide a better fit than do those that are characterized by the mode. Funding: This research was supported by the Equinor Fellows Program and the Operating System 2.0 research program developed by the Construction Industry Institute.

BLOCKCHAIN OF OPTIMAL MULTIPLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS PLANNING UNDER PROBABILISTIC ARRIVAL AND STOCHASTIC DURATIONS

With the rapid development of projects, firms are facing challenges in planning and controlling complex multiple construction projects. This research, therefore, aims at developing blockchain of optimal scheduling and sequencing of multiple construction projects under probabilistic arrival and stochastic durations. Each project task was considered as a block. Then, a framework for electronic project recording (EPR) system was developed. The EPRs are records for project tasks that make information available directly and securely to authorized users. In this framework, two optimization models were developed for scheduling and sequencing project blocks. The scheduling model aims to assign project tasks to available resources at minimal total cost and maximal the number of assigned project tasks. On the other hand, the sequencing model seeks to determine the start time of block execution while minimizing delay costs and minimizing the sum of task’s start times. The project arrival date and the task’s execution duration were assumed probabilistic and stochastic (normally distributed), respectively. The developed EPR system was implemented on a real case study of five projects with total of 121 tasks. Further, the system was developed when the task’s execution duration follows the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) model with four replications. The project costs (idle time and overtime costs) at optimal plan were then compared between the task’s execution duration normally distributed and PERT modelled. The results revealed negligible differences between project costs and slight changes in the sequence of project activities. Consequently, both distributions can be used interchangeably to model the task’s execution duration. Furthermore, the project costs were also compared between four solution replications and were found very close, which indicates the robustness of model solutions to random generation of task’s execution duration at both models. In conclusion, the developed EPR framework including the optimization models provided an effective planning and monitoring of construction projects that can be used to make decisions through project progress and efficient sharing of project resources at minimal idle and overtime costs. Future research considers developing a Blockchain of optimal maintenance planning.

ANALYSIS OF PROJECT TIME AND COST CONTROL WITH CPM, PERT AND CRASHING PROJECT METHODS IN SHOP BUILDING PROJECTS AT CV. MENTARI PERMAI

Delays in completing the Kelapa Dua shop-house construction project at CV. Mentari permai is a problem that often arises and affects the overall project work. The purpose of this research is to determine the critical path, calculate the costs incurred in the construction of the Kelapa Dua shop-house construction project with the duration of the initial and accelerated work and calculate the percentage of achievement of the shop construction project at CV. Mutia Enchantment of Nature. To overcome these delays, several control methods are used in project management. The methods used in this research are the Critical Path Method, PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and the Crashing Project. The results of the CPM planning method analysis obtained the project completion time for 91 days from the initial duration of 154 days. Whereas in reality the CPM method, the project completion time is 101 days from the initial duration of 167 days. In the PERT method, the project completion time is 107 days from a duration of 181 days with a probability of completion of 0.62%. And in the crashing project there is an acceleration of the completion duration for 9 days with an increase in costs of Rp. 26,545,194 and a total cost of Rp. 506,613,766.

Agile teams’ assignment model for Scaling Agile

Adherence to the schedule for completion of a project is one of the basic requirements for the success of a management team. Failure to meet this schedule can have a negative impact on both the business side and the reputation of the company, this issue is a constant challenge in project management. This challenge becomes even greater with agile project management. Agile methodology has increasingly become the method of choice for project delivery. However, in this type of project, uncertainty increases in terms of execution time due to the uncertainty that arises from the agile characteristics that are so valued. Optimized assignment of agile teams based on their performance to project tasks can reduce this uncertainty and increase the probability of success. However, it appears that the tools available in the literature have very limited applicability to this problem.In this paper, we present a model for agile team assignment that uses the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) along with the effective risk model and the Monte Carlo model. An illustrative case study was used to illustrate the application of the proposed model. The results show that the project execution time is highly dependent on the performance of the agile teams and their respective assignment to the project tasks. In practice, the proposed model enables the determination of the execution time of a given agile project considering the performance of the respective teams.

PERENCANAAN MANAJEMEN PROYEK DALAM PERAWATAN APU GTCP131-9B PT. GARUDA INDONESIA

The air transportation industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly and is very competitive. Aircraft fleet maintenance is an important factor in supporting airlines to compete in the local and global industry. On the other hand, delays in the completion of fleet maintenance can result in delays in flight schedules and this is very detrimental to the airline and passengers. This is a challenge for business actors in the aircraft maintenance sector because of the risk of being penalized for delays that occur. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the risk of late fines faced by aircraft maintenance business actors. With project management, the company is expected to be able to produce effective and efficient maintenance activities. This is very much needed by the company in producing optimal output and has a great impact on airlines that use aircraft maintenance services. In this study, the evaluation of project management uses the Critical Path Method (CPM), Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to evaluate the preparation of aircraft maintenance activities and the Crashing method if acceleration is needed in completing maintenance activities in accordance with agreed agreement. With the preparation of good project management, it is possible to estimate the time and cost needed to complete a project so as to minimize delays and losses in completion. The project management planning used in this project resulted in an accelerated completion of 3.5 days with an additional cost of $ 8,958.23.

Estimating Construction Project Duration and Costs upon Completion Using Monte Carlo Simulations and Improved Earned Value Management

Earned value management (EVM) is widely used when monitoring and estimating operations related to construction projects. As the scope and complexity of construction projects expand, traditional EVM is sometimes ineffective and even results in conclusions that are contrary to the actual situation. Additionally, the estimate produced by EVM is a deterministic value that does not account for the uncertainty of activities involved in a construction project. This study proposes an estimation approach that combines an improved EVM, critical path method (CPM), program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The contribution is threefold. Firstly, a path-based schedule measurement approach is described using network diagrams and CPM to capture the logical relationships among activities. Secondly, the resource input categorizes activities to improve the accuracy of the duration and cost estimates. The remaining duration and cost will be estimated based on the execution performance of the activities in the same category. Thirdly, PERT and MCS approaches are used to reveal the uncertainty of estimates upon completion by replacing a deterministic value with a possible completion range. An experimental research study was used to apply the proposed approach. The result displayed that the commercial expansion project faced serious schedule delays and cost overruns. Based on the result, the project manager should focus highly on activities J, H, and G (in order of priority) and take corrective actions. In conclusion, the proposed approach demonstrates good performance when identifying deviations, estimating precise results, and determining the importance (priority) of activities that need to be controlled.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENJADWALAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERT (PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE) DI CV. INFOTECHMEDIA

CV. Infotech Media is a national private company with legal entity which is engaged in website, desktop andandroid-based software development services. At the time of construction, projects often experience delays inproject completion due to several factors, namely in determining the estimated work time, the determination of theestimated work time often experiences discrepancies because the determination of the time estimate still uses roughestimates and ignores the possibility of optimistic and pessimistic times. In addition, there is no system thatcalculates which jobs should be prioritized and which jobs can be postponed for some time. Based on the problemsthat occur today, a project scheduling information system is needed at CV. Infotech Media. The method used tosolve this problem uses the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) method to calculate the right timeestimate and determine the critical path where there is work that is prioritized or cannot be postponed. Based onthe test results achieved, the project scheduling information system has been able to overcome the problems thatexist in the company, namely, calculating the right time estimate, providing information about the critical pathand making a schedule in the form of a Gantt Chart

SISTEM INFORMASI PENJADWALAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERT (PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE) DI CV. INFOTECHMEDIA

CV. Infotech Media is a legally established national private company specializing in website, desktop, and Android-based software development services. During project execution, delays often occur due to several factors, particularly in estimating the work time. These time estimates frequently encounter discrepancies because they rely on rough calculations and fail to account for both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Additionally, there is no system in place to determine which tasks should be prioritized and which can be postponed. To address these issues, CV. Infotech Media requires a project scheduling information system. The proposed solution utilizes the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) to calculate accurate time estimates and identify the critical path, highlighting tasks that must be prioritized and cannot be delayed. Based on the test results, the project scheduling information system successfully addresses the company's challenges by providing accurate time estimates, offering critical path information, and generating schedules in the form of a Gantt Chart.

Aplikasi Network Analysis Metode CPM (Critical Path Method) Model AON Untuk Menentukan Penjadwalan Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Perpustakaan UIN Malang

The problem The with development projects is to determine the project schedule so that it can be completed in an optimal (minimum) time. Scheduling with Network, among others, uses the CPM (Critical Path Method). The network diagram representation of the method is in the form of a directed graph (digraph) which is presented in two models, namely AOA (Activity On Arc) and AON (Activity On Node. Activities in the AON model are placed on nodes. This study aims to determine the application of network analysis using the CPM method. The AON model on the scheduling of the library development project at UIN Malang The methods used are forward pass, backward pass, and total slack so that it can be known the fastest or late time an activity can be started or ended and the amount the allowable delay time for an activity and its critical activities.Previous research only used the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) method and the Gantt Chart method, so in this study the author will use another method, namely the CPM Model AON method. pen time the construction project schedule is 293 days starting from 01-07-2022 to 27-05-2023. From the results of the analysis using the CPM method, it was obtained that from 298 project preparation activities, 17 activities were critical activities so that their implementation could not be delayed because it would result in a delay in project completion time.

Project Scheduling Analysis With CPM PERT Method (Case Study on Tasikmalaya City Swasana Village Restaurant Project)

This study aims to determine the analysis of project scheduling using the Critical Path Method (CPM) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) method in the Tasikmalaya Swasana Village Restaurant project. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. By taking data on all activities and costs needed for the construction of a self-financing village restaurant. The data collected is in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data analysis in this study used POM for Windows QM Version 5. The results of the research from project scheduling using the Critical Path Method (CPM) method can be completed for 29 weeks with a total cost needed of Rp. 1,606,633,852. while using the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) method which analyzes using three estimated times can find out the possibility that the project can be completed within 38 weeks with a success rate of 99% and the total cost that it takes Rp. 1,606,633,852.

Percepatan Waktu Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Gedung Rumah Sakit Aisyiyah Kabupaten Ponorogo Menggunakan Metode PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)

Project scheduling is one of the important factors for successful project implementation that can be achieved in accordance with the initial planning. Problems that can hinder project management are limited resources, inaccurate reports and costly and costly. The delay in the completion of the project itself is a very undesirable condition, because it can harm both parties both in terms of time or cost. The purpose of this study is to determine the probability of accelerating the implementation time from the period obtained by taking into account the critical path and calculation of cost crashing in the Aisyiyah Ponorogo Hospital construction project. The research method used in this study was to analyze the time schedule in the RAB by comparing the project schedule using the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) method. The data used is the duration of the project time to obtain critical trajectory results, standards and variances. The results of the scheduling analysis with the PERT method obtained a critical path with B-C-D-E-L-M with an acceleration of the implementation time of project activities for 49 weeks on the critical path and a non-critical path for 79 weeks from the planned time. buildings can speed up implementation time by a possible percentage of 92,073% with efficient calculation of crashing costs with the addition of working hours/overtime at a duration of 49 weeks rather than having to increase labor to achieve this probability.

Analisis scheduling pengerjaan reinforcement fuselage pesawat N219 menggunakan metode program evaluation and review technique (PERT) PT. Dirgantara Indonesia

One of the successes or failures of a project is influenced by project scheduling and control planning, less effective scheduling results in delays and the emergence of problems during project work, this requires good scheduling to regulate work activities, therefore determining the critical path of activities is needed to Set the time for the work to go according to plan. In this study, the focus is on scheduling the reinforcement fuselage for the aircraft N219 PT. Dirgantara Indonesia, using the Program Evaluation And Review Technique (PERT) method to determine the critical path of activity and calculate the most likely completion time of the reinforcement fuselage work. The results of the research analysis on the main schedule for the reinforcement fuselage work obtained a critical path with the activity code A – B – D – E – G, Development Problem Log (DPL) scheduling analysis obtained critical path A1 – B1 – C1 – E1 – F1, A2 – B2 – C2 – D2, A3 – B3 – D3 – E3, A4 – B4 – C4 – D4, A5 – B5 – C5 – D5 – E5, A6 – B6 – C6 – D6 – E6. And the most likely completion time for the reinforcement fuselage work is 40-45 days with a probability value of 95.72% - 99.88%.