Professional Contributions Research Articles

40 Años de la Declaración de Alma Ata. Semblanza histórica del desempeño de Trabajo Social en la Atención Primaria de Salud chilena

El presente artículo conmemora los 40 años de la Declaración de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria realizada en Alma Ata-URSS en 1978, acuerdo internacional que transformó la atención sanitaria desde un nivel formal de atención, a una estrategia de desarrollo nacional. Su propósito original fue proporcionar las orientaciones especializadas que permitieran acercarse a la meta de asegurar a las poblaciones de todas las regiones del mundo Salud para Todos en el año 2000. En este marco y tomando como referente central la Declaración de Alma Ata, se presenta una semblanza histórica que permite revisar los principales antecedentes de la Atención Primaria chilena desde inicios de la república a la fecha, visibilizando los aportes profesionales que ha realizado Trabajo Social en el marco sanitario del país.

Bridging Museum Mission to Visitors' Experience: Activity, Meanings, Interactions, Technology.

In recent years, the contribution of various disciplines and professionals (i.e., from marketing, computer science, psychology, and pedagogy) to museum management has encouraged the development of a new conception of museology. Specifically, psychology has affected the overall conception of museum and the visitors toward a more holistic vision of the museum experience as a complexity of memory, personal drives, group identity, meaning-making process, as well as leisure preferences. In this regard, psychological research contributes to advance the scientific knowledge about psychological and social phenomena related to the visitor experience, as well as to design innovative technologies and future tourism services. The present contribution discusses the Socio-Cultural Activity Theory (AT) as a theoretical framework to conceptualize the museum visit as an activity mediated by the technology, and to better identify the factors shaping the interaction between the visitors and the technologies. To do so, a case study is presented: a qualitative research performed at the Ara Pacis Museum in Rome (Italy) to analyze the visitor experience of a tour that integrates augmented and virtual reality. Information derived from applying AT on visitors’ experience highlight the value of technology as mediating tool between the museum mission and the visitor experience, considering the interaction between visitors’ characteristics, museum environmental dimensions, and technology’s features.

Bubbles and Financial Professionals

AbstractThe efficiency of financial markets and their potential to produce bubbles are central topics in academic and professional debates. Yet, little is known about the contribution of financial professionals to price efficiency. We run 116 experimental markets with 412 professionals and 502 students. We find that professional markets with bubble drivers – capital inflows or high initial capital supply – are susceptible to bubbles, although they are more efficient than student markets. In mixed markets with students, bubbles also occur, but professionals act as price stabilizers. We show that heterogeneous price beliefs drive overpricing, especially in bubble-prone market environments.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Transnational Environmental Law's Missing People

AbstractLegal scholars rely heavily on vocabularies of ‘actors’, ‘agents’, and ‘experts’ to account for the fact that law does not develop by itself. However, the identities, idiosyncrasies, and individual professional contributions of law'speopleare rarely illuminated. This article suggests that the relative absence of people in transnational legal scholarship helps to explain some of its gaps. The task of bringing ‘human actors back on stage’ creates some new opportunities for transnational environmental law scholarship. It invites attention to both dominant and excluded voices. It offers a way of bridging the gap between the bureaucratic language of law and its lived reality. It also provides an understanding of why, despite ferocious attempts to roll back the advances of environmental law in some places, many scholars and practitioners find reason to be optimistic about the future of environmental law.

Redefining the Scholar-Athlete.

Successful Scholar-Athletes are physically, intellectually, and emotionally committed to high-level achievement in both their academic and sport endeavors. This requires development of an integrated skill-set that includes teamwork, a strong work ethic, commitment, leadership, time management, and physical and emotional health. The identity crosses all perceived boundaries of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, disability, social, and economic status. A nationwide paradigm shift is urgently needed to recognize and tap into these skills for all scholar-athletes, which are the same tools required to succeed in all professions from science and technology to law, medicine, business and the arts. This article addresses the misperceptions and low expectations that much of our society has for the high school and collegiate Scholar-Athlete. While recognizing the efforts of programs that are working to recalibrate the high school athlete's self perceptions, awaken recognition of their own academic potential, and permit them to achieve successful careers and make invaluable professional contributions to society.

Exploring barriers to lung cancer patient access, diagnosis, referral and treatment in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: the health providers' perspectives.

The burden of cancer is increasingly emerging as a key public health problem in South Africa. This burden is aggravated by low suspicion index by patients and healthcare providers alike, limited financial and human resource investment, weak healthcare systems, and limited quality care. Patients typically present to health facilities very late, resulting in poor treatment outcomes, hence there is a pervasive hopelessness associated with a diagnosis of lung cancer in South African public health systems. Research on the barriers to lung cancer patient care, especially from the perspectives of the healthcare professionals, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the health professionals' understanding and experiences on the barriers to lung cancer care in the three health facilities providing oncology services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This was a grounded theory study comprising of 18 health providers (seven specialist oncologists, four radiotherapists, one pulmonologist, two social workers, one psychologist and three nurses) from three health facilities providing oncology services in KwaZulu-Natal. Theoretical saturation was achieved at 19 in-depth interviews with consenting participants. In-depth interview transcripts were thematically analysed. The in-depth interviews generated rich data on the diverse issues regarding barriers to lung cancer care. The healthcare professionals perceived limited access to oncology services and poor diagnosis, as some of the leading barriers to effective lung cancer care. Lack of psycho-social and supportive care, resources and basic infrastructure mean that, for most patients, there is limited access to lung cancer screening, early diagnosis, treatment and/or palliative care. The public sector faces infrastructural and key personnel shortages. Therefore, infrastructural and human resource challenges should be prioritised by policy-makers and administrators. Additionally, the vital contributions of psycho-social professionals should be incorporated in policies and programs supporting cancer care, in order to improve the cancer patient care. The results of this study may help decision makers to further improve cancer care in South Africa.

Virtual round table knights for the treatment of chronic diseases

The PERCIVAL project aims at developing an integrated, sharable, and real-time model of knowledge and information involved in the treatment of chronic diseases. The PERCIVAL platform integrates the contributions of software modules, healthcare professionals, and caregivers. Its Evaluation and Guidance modules feed the information gathered by wearable devices into knowledge-based systems and adapt themselves to the needs and characteristics of the patient, both from the physical and psychological standpoint. The modules may help the patient in the self-management of therapies and provide information shareable with healthcare professional. This approach results in an effective decision support model, aimed at achieving both a high degree of effectiveness in the patient’s treatment and a good level of cost-effectiveness. The case study of a module devoted to the promotion of physical activity for sedentary patients is presented, and its mathematical decision model is described in some detail.

Working on working together. A systematic review on how healthcare professionals contribute to interprofessional collaboration

ABSTRACTProfessionals in healthcare are increasingly encouraged to work together. This has acted as a catalyst for research on interprofessional collaboration. Authors suggest developing interprofessional collaboration is not just the job of managers and policy makers; it also requires active contributions of professionals. Empirical understanding of whether professionals make such contributions and if so, how and why, remains fragmented. This systematic review of 64 studies from the past 20 years shows there is considerable evidence for professionals actively contributing to interprofessional collaboration. Although the evidence is limited, we can show they do so in three distinct ways: by bridging professional, social, physical and task-related gaps, by negotiating overlaps in roles and tasks, and by creating spaces to be able to do so. Professionals from different professions seem to make different contributions. Moreover, differences exist between collaborative settings and healthcare subsectors. We conclude by proposing a research agenda to advance our understanding of these contributions in theoretical, methodological and empirical ways.

Qualitative experiential analysis of the BRASS scale.

Hospital discharge can potentially represent an issue. Therefore, it is important to early identify patients at higher risk. A valid tool in this field is the Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score (BRASS). The study aims to elaborate a simplified score system, throughout the contribution of healthcare professionals considering the single items of the original score. The study included a qualitative analysis, conducted in order to draft the synthetic tool. Alongside, a statistical analysis was carried out. The findings of these two works were compared and joined in the realization of the proposed evaluation tool. The synthetic tool, developed by the working team, is composed by 20 items. The qualitative analysis agrees with the statistical approach. Moreover, the qualitative analysis consented to redefine some items, especially considering social support, and to include some additional information e.g. clinical problems. The analysis considered only General Medicine wards, all located in the same Hospital. Therefore, generalisation to other settings or patients should be further tested. The synthetic tool, realized during the study, aims to improve the individuation of at-risk inpatients. The agreement between statistical and qualitative analysis can be considered a point of strength of our work. Our analysis consented to include some new items, improving overall organization. In conclusion, the working group aims to conduct further study in order to individuate the more appropriate cut-off of the new scoring method.

A Remarkable Legacy: The Wayne F. Placek Fund Grant Program

ABSTRACTGregory M. Herek, PhD, made an important professional contribution through his service as chair of the Scientific Review Committee of the Wayne F. Placek Fund of the American Psychological Foundation (APF). The scholars funded by this grant benefited from the prestige of the grant, which provided an important credential for early career professional development. Many of them went on to become significant researchers in the field of sexual and gender minorities. The studies funded by the Placek Grant also had important political and social effects, such as on legalizing adoption by lesbian and gay parents, passage of same-sex marriage, and demonstrating that lesbians and gay men were at elevated risk for physical health problems. The purpose of the present article is to document the history and impact of the Placek Grant and to describe Greg Herek’s central role in this grant program.

COORDINATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS AND PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES: THE CASE OF THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF MADRID IN SPAIN

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar as percepções dos professores que lecionam Educação Física (EF) a alunos com deficiência nas classes inclusivas de EF e como melhorar essa inclusão ao colaborar com o fisioterapeuta. A informação foi obtida através de um questionário administrado a 56 professores, que foi completado com entrevistas com nove deles e quatro fisioterapeutas. Os resultados mostram a preocupação e a incerteza dos professores sobre como servir os alunos com deficiência, a fim de oferecer uma educação de qualidade inclusiva e treinamento de demanda e suporte específico em suas aulas. Professores consideram necessário receber apoio de profissionais, como o fisioterapeuta, para que possam ajudar os alunos com deficiência motora. Sugerimos continuar a examinar as barreiras de ambos os profissionais, suas concepções de professores de EF e o papel do fisioterapeuta, bem como a sua vontade de colaborar entre si.

The Difficulties That the Teachers Who Continue Master of Science Education Experience

Postgraduate education includes Master's, PhD, specialty in medicine and proficiency in art after the undergraduate education. Postgraduate education is a high-level education program that provides a specialization in the field of science in which students are interested following a four-year undergraduate program in faculties. Teachers also continue their postgraduate education in order to improve themselves and to make a professional contribution. The purpose of this study is to determine the difficulties encountered by teachers who are continuing their graduate education. The research group consists of 29 teachers working in Ministry of National Education and continued master’s with thesis education in 2017-2018 academic years, and they were selected with purposeful sampling. In the study, the qualitative research method was used. The data collection tool consisted of the personal information protocol and the interview form consisting of 5 open-ended questions developed by the researcher. In the presentation of the data, the frequency and percentage values of the personal information of the participants were tabulated. As a result of the study, it was determined that the participants had problems such as the distance between the university and the school, the training being a tiring process, the problem of attendance and the inadequacy of the incentives to complete the education and the inadequacy of the rights given in the case of the completion of the education.

Kenneth Clark Butler (1939–2018)

Kenneth Clark Butler (1939–2018)

Group Prenatal Care for Women Receiving Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: An Interprofessional Approach.

Opioid use disorder among pregnant women is common and rapidly increasing nationwide. Group prenatal care is an innovative alternative to individual care for pregnant women and has been shown to improve women's and health care providers' satisfaction and adherence to care. We describe a novel group prenatal care program colocated in an opioid treatment program that integrates prenatal care, substance use disorder counseling, and medication-assisted treatment. Our interprofessional model draws on the unique contributions of physicians, midwives, nurses, and mental health professionals to address the complex needs of pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Participants reported increased trust and engagement with health care providers and peers, improved prenatal care and birth experience, and increased resilience for relapse prevention. Group prenatal care is an accepted and promising model for women with opioid use disorder in pregnancy and has the potential to improve outcomes for women and newborns.

Work to be done? A survey of educational psychologists’ contribution to special schools for profound and multiple learning difficulties

This article explores the perspectives of educational psychologists across England with regard to their professional involvement, role and contribution to special schools for children and young people with profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD). An online survey was distributed to all educational psychology services in England and to private educational psychology practices. Data collected from 207 respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest a complex national picture, including great variation in the frequency of educational psychology visits and indirect contact with the special schools. While the work carried out by educational psychologists in these special schools is primarily individual, statutory‐led casework, systemic work is considered to be the ‘ideal’ contribution. Educational psychologists’ views on their role in PMLD settings seem to feature limited ideas. The authors suggest that improving educational psychologists’ skills and knowledge of PMLD, building relationships with special schools and finding a niche in supporting, among other things, the emotional well‐being of the school’s community, might be ways forward for working in PMLD schools. The article concludes by emphasising the continued need for the profession to understand and market the specific role it can play in PMLD settings.

Employees’ Managed Resentment: Public Procurement and the Part of Emotions in Social Change

Resentment, that is triggered by deprived entitlement, was suggested as particularly salient for energizing action and change in labor relations. However, its relationship with estrangement has not yet been examined as relevant to social change in times of contracting out services. I investigate this question in my research of public procurement as a mode of contract-based service delivery, examining two types of related jobs. The analysis of interviews with 30 employees and 12 administrators, all women, revealed the emergence of managed resentment and the conditions of its coexistence with estrangement. I demonstrate a learning process in which resentment energizes action but encounters lack of recognition. Managed resentment follows but remains protected from estrangement only by positive emotions created in care relations. I discuss possible meanings of these subjective developments for social change in the contexts of women’s encounter with lack of recognition of their skilled or professional contributions.

Programa de formação em competência em informação: redes de cooperação entre os sujeitos que atuam em espaços de informação, educação e cultura

Diante daquilo que tem sido registrado no Brasil pela Ciência da Informação sobre competência em informação e perante a escassez de programas de formação de competências em Universidades, apresenta-se como objetivo compartilhar um processo de planejamento desse tipo de programa compreendendo bibliotecários, docentes e discentes envolvidos em ações universitárias. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento de artigos científicos em bases de dados de periódicos online, considerando a importância da competência em informação e competência leitora em diferentes espaços de (in)formação e educação, como bibliotecas universitárias, escolares e públicas. Como considerações iniciais e não apenas finais, percebeu-se a importância de envolver em programas de formação profissionais que atuam em diferentes espaços de formação da competência em informação, como bibliotecas universitárias, públicas e escolares. A Universidade torna-se, por conseguinte, uma instituição importante em um contexto de formação de redes colaborativas, ao receber a contribuição de profissionais de diversas áreas que possibilitem o planejamento, implementação e execução de programas de competência em informação que também incluam a competência leitora, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de habilidades informacionais e capacidades de leituras mais especificamente, em estudantes e docentes, de modo a fortalecer os processos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão com a comunidade interna e externa.

The Behaviour of Spare Time in Different Cultures - Romanies Sample

Romani people in Tekirdag well in Aydogdu district which is the oldest settlement of the city. In this area, they usually live in shantyhouses. Males engage in trade and some of them sell fruits, vegetables, fish in bazaars, some are musicians. Women are usually housewives. They do house Works and some of them do clean someone else’s house for a living. This is a qualitative study which includes the Romani in Tekirdag Suleymanpasa County Aydogdu District and the cultural identity term of Romani’s spare time activities. There are total 15 participants as 10 males and 5 females in the study. Their demographic information was taken and then asked 10 questions with the Interviewing Method. In accordance with their answers, they cannot actually participate much to the spare time activities because of the financial impossibility and the plenitude of working hours. It appears that their only activity which is special for their cultures is weddings. If the Romani have regular jobs and higher education level, their contributions to the society will be big undoubtedly. In every branch of music, game and art, they make important progresses for humanity in national and global extent both through their recreative aspects and professional contributions

Using Inclusive Sport for Social Change in Malawi, Africa

This report draws upon the first year of the Youth Enrichment through Sports (YES)-Africa cooperative agreement focused on sport for social change involving five sub-Saharan African countries. The YES-Africa program, funded by the U.S. Department of State, is designed to enhance cross-cultural understanding and collaboration between individuals and nations. The YESAfrica Malawi exchange builds capacity for sport leaders in Malawi to implement inclusive sport and recreation for youth with disabilities. This case study employs a content analysis of international and national legislative and policy agendas addressing inclusion of youth with disabilities within the context of sport, and explores barriers to policy implementation through interviews with seven key stakeholders and a review of structured field notes. Findings suggest that while Malawi’s legislative and policy landscape appears to adequately address the needs of youth with disabilities broadly, implementation is limited by social, physical, and socio-environmental barriers. We explore contributions of TR professionals in addressing key policy priorities in developing countries.Subscribe to TRJ

Knowledge Organization as Knowledge Creation: Surfacing Community Participation in Archival Arrangement and Description

Remix or bricolage is recognized as a primary mode of knowledge creation in contemporary digital culture. Archival arrangement represents a form of bricolage that archivists have been practicing for years. By organizing records according to provenance, archivists engage in knowledge creation. Archival theory holds that records are created as an output from social and bureaucratic processes. Archival description, then, could serve as a form of archival record, bearing evidence of the processes of archival arrangement. Current participatory and community-based approaches to archival description urgently require an evidential record of their processes of community consultation and professional mediation. This paper examines two Canadian community-based, participatory archival projects. Project Naming, at Library and Archives Canada, draws upon Inuit community contributions to augment the often sparse and sometimes offensive descriptions of historic photos of arctic peoples. The Sex Work Database at the University of Manitoba, works with sex work activists to create and apply a tagging folksonomy to a collection of websites, organizational records and news media. Analysis of these diverse, community-based projects reveals how current approaches to description make it difficult to distinguish between professional and community contributions to arrangement and description, and proposes ways to make such contributions more apparent.