Professional Careers Of Women Research Articles

Motherhood as a factor differentiating women’s careers

Purpose: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the differences in the professional careers of women with and without children. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative study was conducted using the survey method (CAWI) using an online questionnaire on a sample of 517 women. The survey included single- and multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The study lasted 9 months (February- October 2022) and included professionally active women working in medium-sized or large enterprises in south-eastern Poland. Findings: The obtained results indicate emerging significant differences between the surveyed women with children and women without children, in the context of professional career, preferences and activities undertaken for professional development. Professional career covers various spheres of life, including family, which means that motherhood has a significant impact on women's professional development. The higher education and age of women with children suggest the dominance of a conventional or dual career path. The age differences between the groups coincide with the trend of younger women giving up motherhood. Childless women are more likely to work in prestigious industries, while mothers value performing a prestigious profession. The average earnings of mothers are lower than those without children, but mothers are more likely to earn top wages. Childless women value continuous learning in their careers more. Women with children show a higher level of career satisfaction, which may reflect the modern approach to combining motherhood with professional work. Research limitations/implications: The research has limitations and the results cannot be generalized to the entire population. They only focus on certain aspects related to motherhood and women's careers, which could be expanded in future research. It is also suggested to study the differences between Polish regions and a longer analysis of the development of women's careers in various phases of professional life, especially those related to motherhood. Originality/value: Due to the very diverse approach to the topic of motherhood and careers, there are few studies relating to the differences in women's careers resulting from motherhood, and even fewer studies in this area are based in selected regions of Poland. Therefore, it seems justified to take up the topic of motherhood discussed in the article as a factor differentiating women's careers. Keywords: career, women's career, maternity, motherhood, work-life balance. Category of the paper: Research paper.

Career Agency in Intersecting Gender-Class Structures

The unique challenges and experiences of women with regard to their social class backgrounds have largely been overlooked in the study of careers. To shed new light on the role that intersectionality plays in professional careers of women with different social class origins, this study uses a critical realist approach in the analysis of biographic-narrative interviews with 46 women. Results reveal how structural factors affect the women’s agency in their life and career paths as well as how they shape the reproduction and elaboration of gender-class structures. The study contributes to current discourses on women’s career agency and the development of intersectionality theory by suggesting a theoretical model of career agency in intersecting gender-class structures. The model highlights mechanisms that influence women’s careers and thereby deepens the understanding of how different dimensions of gender and social class interact to influence careers of women with different social class backgrounds.

Breakers of glass ceilings: the professional careers of women in Finland and the graduates of three girls’ upper secondary schools (1890s–1910s)

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the occupational emancipation of women in Finland and examines the professional careers of women who graduated with a matriculation examination from three upper secondary girls’ schools during the period of the 1890s to the 1910s. One of the schools was for Finnish-speaking girls, and two of the schools were for Swedish-speaking girls. This article asks what kinds of educational paths and professional careers these upper secondary girls’ school graduates had during their lives after graduation. Attention is paid to both the typical professional careers and to those careers that could be characterised as exceptional and atypical. The source material consists of student registers that offered an opportunity to create a prosopography (i.e. set biography). In this article, the prosopography and individual biographies of women with exceptional careers shed light on the horizon of possibilities for Finnish women at the end of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century, specifically, their horizon of possibilities to gain education and degrees, as well as posts in the labour market.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Professional Career of Women in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

The COVID-19 pandemic altered all facets of society on a fundamental level, impacting work, mental health, and family life. Female surgeons experienced gender inequity and bias before COVID; therefore, women in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) were affected disproportionately by the repercussions of the pandemic. Well-established inequalities are intensified during times of crisis. This article enlightens readers regarding the preexisting inequalities in the OMS specialty, how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these ubiquitous issues, and how the specialty should accommodate these inequities moving forward.

DIFFERENCE OF WOMEN’S AND MEN’S PERSONAL QUALITIES IMPORTANT FOR PROFESSIONAL CAREERS

The article presented theoretically and empirically personal qualities important for a professional career. Basing on analysed scientific literature and the experimental study, we identified the most significant qualities of women and men important for professional growth. We found that women and men had personal factors influencing the active development of stable, conscious ideas about themselves and their place in the professional area. The peculiarities of existing professional gender-role stereotype and their formation were substantiated. The peculiarities of research approaches to the problem of working women and men were revealed. All components of personal characteristics, assessment of one’s own personality as a professional one were closely related to professional development. The specific personal characteristics in the professional careers of women and men were analyzed. We also determined that career choosing is influenced by personal, social and psychological factors. The analysed personal qualities influencing an individual’s professional development showed that every person has their own individual concept, motivation, motives, values, desires, by which they guided at career choosing. The aspects of the study on an individual’s professional development were considered and the internal determinants determining further personal development were identified. The article determines that personal, business qualities and skills should be highlighted; it helps to understand people’s weaknesses, strengths and fairly assess professional goals; such approach is the most comprehensive and productive. Because personal qualities influence career building, there is reason to believe that there are some differences in the professional area of women and men: women are more focused on communication and interactions, they able to establish contacts with others and regulate relationships, while men have leadership qualities, showing independence in judgments, tend to focus on their own views and preferences, more courageous and independent. The integrative role of personal factors for a specialist’s professionalization was empirically clarified. Professional work evokes a tendency to continuously develop boundless creative potential in various areas of life.

Trayectoria profesional femenina: contrastando modelos

La trayectoria profesional femenina sigue siendo una temática de interés recurrente. Esto se explica por la multiplicidad de ámbitos de investigación, aproximaciones metodológicas y ópticas que presenta su estudio. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los modelos de carrera identificados en la literatura especializada respecto al desarrollo profesional de la mujer hacia cargos directivos, contrastarlos y abordar las limitaciones más esgrimidas en estos trayectos. Tras la revisión realizada, los resultados apuntan a cuatro grandes agrupaciones o modelos de carrera que explican las trayectorias de la mujer hacia los cargos de dirección y una clasificación de desarrollo aplicable a cada uno de ellos. Como principal aportación, este trabajo articula los modelos de carrera presentes en el corpus literario, acota y vincula las limitaciones más presentes en la realidad laboral y rompe con caducas creencias que operan en el mundo profesional respecto a las trayectorias de las mujeres.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN THE SILESIA PROVINCE

In the modern world the professional career, active development, improving skills and competences are becoming big challenges and indispensable elements of life of many women. Women are able to reconcile family life with professional activity in a harmonious way. This happens because of the fact that women’s are equipped with determination and unusual ability to manage their time. The aim of the paper is the presentation of professional careers of women in the theoretical and empirical approach.

Der Einfluss der politischen Transformation auf das Familienleben

Political transformation has significantly influenced family and married life. It resulted in deepening of the crisis of marriage and in the appearance of new existential problems. The crisis experienced by married couples is reflected in the growing number of divorces, in the liberal social attitude towards divorce and in the practice of “trial marriages”. The political transformation in 1989 resulted in the change which consisted in the loss of the traditional nature of the family: based on a deep family bond, on respect for parents and for the elderly, on memory of the deceased, on keeping in memory genealogy and on the cult of the dead. Starting a family used to be the most appropriate way of regulating one’s life and of achieving life satisfaction. Social changes of the recent decades caused deepening of the crisis of the traditional marriage through: increasing expectations of the contemporary man towards life, moving from the country to the city, professional careers of women, growing sexual freedom, the hedonistic attitude in life, moral permissiveness, unemployment and emigration. Among other problems which are experienced by married couples and families there are: contracting marriage late in life, introducing the model of a family with only one child, contraception, divorces, unemployment, difficult material and living condition and emigration for money.

The Educational and Professional Careers of Women in Poland

Both women and men in their lives have at least two careers: educational and professional. These careers can differ according to gender. The aim of this paper is to analyze educational and professional career differences between men and women using some macro indicators to correlate these two career indicators, as well as to investigate the diversity of the indicators among regions in Poland and other European Union countries, and to establish the position of Poland within the EU with respect to these indicators.

Los puestos de dirección en el ámbito deportivo: revisión de las teorías y estudio sobre el caso de la mujer

Since decades, the professional career of women and their access to decision-making positions has gained relevance as a phenomenon of study. This article will provide the discovery of different studies on the various features and attitudes that impede, limit or prevent the access of women to achieve the maximum employment potential that want to get in the organizations and entities of the labour market, and specifically in the field of physical activity and sport. The methodology used in this study is trasversal and quantitative with a final sample of (N = 401). By way of conclusion of the analyzed literature, it could highlight that job opportunities, access or the promotion of women within an organization or entity are influenced by personal characteristics, i.e., the reconciliation of work, family and home.

Book reviews/Comptes rendus

Book reviewed in this article:JEAN STOCKARD and MARIAN M. JOHNSON, Sex Roles: Sex Inequality and Sex Role Development.MARGRIT EICHLER, The Double Standard: A Feminist Critique of Feminist Social Science.ALICE M. YOHALEM, The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.MARTIN KING WHYTE, The Status of Women in Preindustrial SocietiesJACQUES DONZELOT, The Policing of Families. Toronto: Random House of CanadaSHANKAR A. YELAJA (ed.), Canadian Social Policy. Waterloo: Wilfred LaurierGAYLENE BECKER, Growing Old in Silence. Berkeley, Los Angeles and LondonELLIOTT A. KRAUSE. Power and Illness. The Political Sociology of Health and MedicalTHEDA SKOCPOL, States and Social Revolutions, NY: CambridgeVINCENT WRIGHT, The Government and Politics of France. LondonJOHN McCALLUM, Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario Until 1870. TorontoDOUG OWRAM, Promise of Eden: The Canadian Expansionist Movement and the Idea of the West, 1856–1900. TorontoJ. RICK PONTING and ROGER GIBBINS, Out of Irrelevance: A Socio‐Political Introduction to Indian Affairs in Canada. TorontoROBERT A. SCOTT and ARNOLD R. SHORE, Why Sociology Does Not Apply: A Study of the Use of Sociology in Public Policy.WILLIAM SKIDMORE, Theoretical Thinking in Sociology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: CambridgeJAMES A. SCHELLENBERG, Masters of Social Psychology. New YorkGREGORY BAUM (ed) Sociology and Human Destiny: Essays on Sociology, Religion and Society. New YorkEDWARD A. MAZIARZ (ed.), Value and Values in Evolution. New YorkBRYAN R. WILSON, The Noble Savages: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and its Contemporary Survival. Berkeley, Los Angeles, LondonARON HOROWTIZ, Striking Roots: Reflections on Five Decades of Jewish Life. OakvillePIERRE CLICHE, Espace Social et Mobilité Residentielle. Québec: Les Presses de ľ

The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.

The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.

Married Women and Work and The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict

Married Women and Work and The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict Get access Married Women and Work. By Iglehart Alfreda P.. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath & Co., 1979. 107 pp. $12.50. The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict. By Yohalem Alice M.. Montclair, N.J.: Allanheld Osmun, 1979. 224 pp. $16.50. Betty Sancier Betty Sancier Center for Social Service University of WisconsinMilwaukee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Work, Volume 25, Issue 5, September 1980, Page 415, https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/25.5.415 Published: 01 September 1980

Book Review: Labor Conditions: The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict

Book Review: Labor Conditions: The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict

The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.

The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.

Book Reviews Section

Goodman, Paul S. Assessing Organizational Change: The Rushton Quality of Work Experiment.McLean, Alan A. Work Stress.Forbes, Rosalind. Corporate Stress: How to Manage Stress on the Job and Make It Work for You.Stephenson, G. M. and Brotherton, C. J. (Eds.) Industrial Relations: A Social Psychological Approach.Davidson, William L. How to Develop and Conduct Successful Employee Attitude Surveys.Ramsay, Roland T. The Testing Manual: A Guide to Test Administration and Use.Kotter, John P. Power in Management: How to Understand, Acquire, and Use It.Yohalem, Alice M. The Careers of Professional Women: Commitment and Conflict.Mahoney, Thomas A. (Editor) Compensation and Reward Perspectives.Burgher, Peter H. (Editor) Changement: Understanding and Managing Business Change.Lawrence, W. Gordon. (Editor) Exploring Individual and Organizational Boundaries: A Tavistock Open Systems Approach.Nadler, David A., Hackman, J. Richard and Lawler, Edward E., III. Managing Organizational Behavior.Gordon, George G. and Cummins, Walter. Managing Management Climate.Sanzotta, Donald. The Manager's Guide to Interpersonal Relations.Cooper, Cary L. Learning from Others in Groups: Experiential Learning Approaches.Johnson, Robert G. The Appraisal Interveiw Guide.O'leary, Lawrence R. The Selection and Promotion of the Successful Police Officer.Smith, B. Babington and Farrell, B. A. (Editors) Training in Small Groups: A Study of Five Methods.Kinzel, Robert K. Retirement: Creating Promise Out of Threat.Kirschenbaum, Howard and Glaser, Barbara. Developing Support Groups: A Manual for Facilitators and Participants.Graham, Ben S., Jr. and Titus, Parvin S. (Editors) The Amazing Oversight: Total Participation for Productivity.Gannon, Martin J. Organizational Behavior: A Managerial and Organizational Perspective.Kanter, Rosabeth Moss and Stein, Barry A. (Editors) Life in Organizations: Workplaces as People Experience Them.Lubin, Bernard, Goodstein, Leonard D. and Lubin, Alice W. (Eds.) Organizational Change Sourcebook I: Cases in Organization Development.Goodstein, Leonard D., Lubin, Bernard and Lubin, Alice W. (Eds.) Organizational Change Sourcebook II: Cases in Conflict Management.Schoen, Sterling H. and Durand, Douglas E. Supervision: The Management of Organizational Resources.Crane, Donald P. Personnel: The Management of Human Resources. (Second Edition)Coleman, Charles J. Personnel: An Open System Approach.Glueck, William F. (Editor) Personnel: A Book of Readings.Patten, Thomas H., Jr. (Editor) Classics of Personnel Management.Cellucci, Anthony J. and Devries, David L. Measuring Managerial Satisfaction: A Manual for the MJSQ. (Technical Report No. 11)Silverstein, Pam and Srb, Jozetta H. Flexitime: Where, When, and How?Erickson, John R. and McGovern, Katherine Savers. (Editors) Equal Employment Practice Guide, Volumes I and II.Jackall, Robert. Workers in a Labyrinth: Jobs and Survival in a Bank Bureaucracy.Response to the review by Dr. James H. Reynierse in Personnel Psychology Vol. 32, No. 2.

APS–AAPT return to New York

Discussion of physics in international education, consideration of the professional careers of women in physics and celebration of 50 years of electron spin will highlight the annual joint meeting of The American Physical Society and the American Association of Physics Teachers. The so‐called “New York meeting” will take place during 2–5 February, and the headquarters of the meeting will be the New York Hilton. Advance registration will take place on Sunday, 1 February from 5:00 to 10:00 pm, and regular registration will begin at 8:30 am on Monday, 2 February.