Passiflora edulis (P. edulis Sims) is prevalent in tropical regions, and its distinctive taste and aroma are highly appreciated due to its unique nutritional profile. With the increasing recognition of the added value of P. edulis Sims wine, an expanding number of researchers have begun to focus on the related studies concerning the brewing process of this wine. Isolating high-quality yeast strains from the natural fermentation broth of P. edulis Sims is crucial for this purpose. In this study, 38 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of P. edulis Sims. Nine yeast strains were selected using WL medium for further analysis. The fermentation characteristics of these strains were evaluated based on their production of esters, ethanol, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as through tolerance tests. The results indicated that the nine yeast strains exhibited favorable fermentation performance characterized by low H2S production while demonstrating high levels of ester and ethanol production, along with certain antimicrobial activity. Among these strains, GZH-20 displayed a notably low capacity for H2S production coupled with exceptional abilities in both ester and ethanol generation. Furthermore, this strain demonstrated good tolerance under various conditions, including pH levels ranging from 2.8 to 3.8, a glucose concentration of 200g/L, and varying sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations between 60g/L and 360g/L; it showed superior capacities for producing esters and ethanol under these conditions. Molecular identification confirmed that this strain is classified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. These findings hold significant implications for advancing our understanding of specialized yeasts involved in P. edulis Sims wine production.

Accumulation of harmful metal(loid)s in acidic pit lakes (APLs) is a serious environmental issue in mining districts. This lab-based study evaluated a novel method to stimulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction to promote the formation of sparingly soluble metal(loid)-sulfide minerals in the permanently stratified deep layer of Cueva de la Mora (CM), an APL in the Iberian Pyrite Belt in Spain. Solid-phase biomass was selected because it can be pressed into high-density forms that are dense enough to settle into the deep layer of a lake. This "direct delivery" of electron donor overcomes the current "indirect method" to stimulate algae growth in the upper layer and wait for algae to die and settle into the deep layer. We added the microalgae Coccomyxa onubensis (predominant in CM), Euglena gracilis (another acid-tolerant microalgae), and Lemna obscura (duckweed), as well as model biocomponents (amino acids, monosaccharides, and lipids) as substrates to stimulate biological sulfide production (biosulfidogenesis). We found that compared with biocomponents, high-density biomass required a shorter lag time before it was utilized. Temporal patterns of the production of sulfide and volatile fatty acids with high-density biomass were similar to patterns with amino acids, suggesting that amino acids may be the preferred substrate among the biocomponent monomers for the microbial community. Biosulfidogenesis led to the complete removal of metal(loid)s (Zn and As) contaminants from solution, mimicking the chemical composition of the deep layer. Desulfosporosinus, the only acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) identified in situ, was significantly enriched in the laboratory setup and presumably responsible for biosulfidogenesis.IMPORTANCERemediation of high concentrations of harmful metal(loid)s in acidic pit lakes is challenging. This research presents a novel strategy by supplying high-density biomass as a carbon source and electron donor to stimulate biological dissimilatory sulfate reduction in acidic pit lakes in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The formation of biogenic sulfide precipitates dissolved metal(loid)s in the acidic pit lakes. This approach is feasible in meromictic acidic pit lakes, where precipitated metal(loid)s would remain sequestered in bottom sediments. However, the deep layer of acidic pit lakes is often oligotrophic with respect to organic carbon. Pelletized high-density biomass can be added to the top layer of the lake and transported to the deep layer. This strategy offers practical and adaptable guidance for the bioremediation of persistent metal(loid) contamination in acidic pit lakes.

Quinone structure regulates sulfide-driven reactive oxygen species generation for aquatic pollutant degradation.

Use of a Near Infrared Probe to Assess Intracellular Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for neuronal cysteine and hydrogen sulfide production, is dysregulated in aging and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, both marked by cognitive decline in addition to motor deficits. To determine whether CSE loss directly causes cognitive decline, we genetically ablated CSE in mice. This loss was sufficient to induce oxidative damage, compromise blood-brain barrier integrity, impair neurogenesis and neurotrophin signaling, and elicit cognitive deficits. Global proteomic analysis further revealed molecular alterations that contribute to impaired neurogenesis. Our findings establish CSE as an essential guardian of homeostatic brain health and identify it as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.

In addition to seawater in the injection header (IH) to enhance oil recovery, oil companies reuse produced water (PW), a byproduct of oil extraction, and implement produced water reinjection systems (PWRI). Although the microorganisms in IH are controlled by biocides, PW is generally treated by flotation to remove oil residues before PWRI. However, IH, PW, and PWRI can be sources of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) related to oil reservoir souring. Here, we evaluated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in IH, PW, and PWRI, as well as the microbial dynamics (most probable number–MPN, quantitative PCR, and amplicon sequencing), of a Brazilian oil reservoir. Results revealed that the highest average H2S concentration occurred in PW samples. However, the dissolved H2S threshold concentration of 2 mg L−1 was exceeded in 18% of PW and ~16% of PWRI samples, respectively. Although MPN showed no correlation between H2S and the number of SRB or total anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (TAHB), qPCR and microbiome data revealed that the SRB Desulfobacterota was the most abundant in PW and PWRI. Overall, flotation was associated with (i) low microbial control in PW; and (ii) the enrichment of SRB (mainly Desulfobacterota), Thermotogota, and Proteobacteria groups in PWRI.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an important horticultural crop in China, especially the rhizome tissue, which has a high medicinal value. In October 2024, symptoms of soft rot appeared on ginger during harvest in Qinhuangdao City of Hebei Province, with an incidence of 5% (39°41′N, 119°04′E).The pathogen infected rhizomes and leaves, resulting in leaf chlorosis, progressive wilting culminating in collapse of entire plants, and rhizome softening accompanied by dark brown maceration. From three diseased tissue samples, fourteen isolates were obtained by tissue isolation and NA medium purification, and one isolate was selected for further analysis. The colonies were red, circular, smooth, and convex on NA. The isolate was gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and negative for the methyl red (MR) test and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, as well as positive for gelatin hydrolysis and the Voges-Proskauer (V-P) test. It utilized glucose, sucrose, xylitol, maltose, and sorbitol. To further confirm the identification, the partial 16S rRNA and trpB genes were amplified and sequenced using primers 27F/1492R (Lane 1991) and trpb-F/trpb-R (Rong 2009). The isolate's 16S rRNA (PV422728) and trpB (PV477047) sequences shared 99.79% and 98.06% identity, respectively, with those of Serratia marcescens (MN519524.1 and CP013046.1, respectively) in GenBank. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on ginger plants and rhizome tissue. Twelve healthy ginger seedlings were inoculated by injecting 0.3 mL of bacterial suspension (10⁸ CFU/mL) into both basal stems and rhizome centers. Controls received an equal volume of sterile water. The inoculated plants were kept in a growth chamber (28°C, 16-h light and 8-h dark period), and ginger rhizomes were placed in an incubator (30°C, 24-h dark period). At 16-20 days post-inoculation, severe chlorosis and wilting developed in the stems and leaves. Water-soaked, brown, and rotted rhizome tissue developed about 5 d after inoculation on rhizomes. No obvious symptoms were observed on the control plantlets and rhizome tissue. Bacterial colonies reisolated from infected rhizomes were identified as S. marcescens through consistent morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To date, the ginger rhizome rot pathogen S. marcescens has been identified in Chongqing, China (Huang et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. marcescens as the pathogen causing ginger rhizome rot in Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China. The identification of this pathogen will enable targeted field management to control this disease.

Proteomic and flavor dynamics in irradiated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage via 4D-DIA proteomics.

Lysinibacillus boronitolerans MSR1, a bacterium isolated from yogurt, was characterized through a detailed genomic and phylogenetic analysis. The strain demonstrated the ability to grow in MRS broth at pH 5–8 and exhibited positive activity in citrate utilization, catalase, oxidase, Methyl Red–Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), and Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) tests while being negative for amylase degradation and sulfide production. Whole-genome sequencing and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis revealed a close genetic relationship between MSR1 and previously reported L. boronitolerans strains, with ANI values ranging from 95.25% to 98.30%, particularly for L. boronitolerans strain NBRC103108. Phylogenetic analyses based on whole-genome and 16S rRNA sequences confirmed the taxonomic placement of MSR1 within the L. boronitolerans species. A circular genome comparison highlighted the presence of unique genomic regions in MSR1, notably around the 3500 kbp mark, indicating the acquisition of novel genes that may contribute to its distinct phenotypic traits. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high level of resistance in MSR1 to glycopeptides and aminoglycosides, while the strain remained susceptible to imipenem, with in silico analysis identifying key antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including qacJ, vanW, vanT, and FosBx1, which confer resistance to disinfectants, vancomycin, and fosfomycin through efflux pumps and target modification mechanisms. Five distinct biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) regions were identified in the MSR1 genome, encoding genes for lanthipeptide-class-iii, RiPP-like, T3PKS, beta-lactone, terpene, and NRPS-like clusters. Pan-genome analysis suggested that L. boronitolerans possesses an open pan-genome, with a substantial proportion of accessory and unique genes. Functional annotation of core, accessory, and unique genes revealed that core genes are predominantly associated with metabolic processes, while accessory and unique genes are involved in information processing, storage, and defence mechanisms. These findings enhance our understanding of the genomic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and potential adaptive strategies of L. boronitolerans MSR1, providing new insights into its ecological and functional roles.

Context Supplementation of low-quality forage with maize and soybean meal (SBM) has been widely studied as a strategy to improve forage intake and nutritional status. However, the effects of maize and SBM supplementation in ruminants consuming high sulfate-containing water remain uninvestigated. Aim The objective of this study was to assess the effects of maize and SBM supplementation on utilization of low-quality (CP: 5.3%; NDF: 81.9%) forage, nitrogen balance, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in lambs drinking high-sulfate water (7947 mg/L of total dissolved salts; 4430 mg/L of sulfate). Methods Eighteen Hampshire Down lambs were utilized in a six-treatment × two period experiment. The treatment structure was a 2 × 3 factorial, with two levels of SBM (0% and 0.75% of liveweight (LW)) and three levels of maize (0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of LW). Key results Water intake, total organic matter (OM) and total digestible OM intake increased with both SBM (P < 0.01) and maize supplementation (P < 0.05). Soybean meal and maize supplementation enhanced N balance and N-use efficiency (P < 0.01). Maize tended to reduce ruminal H2S gas production at the 0.75% SBM supplementation, whereas maize increased H2S production when SBM was not supplemented. Conclusions Supplementing low-quality forage with maize and SBM improved forage intake and N utilization in lambs consuming high-sulfate water, without increasing ruminal H2S gas production. Implications Maize and SBM can serve as effective supplements for improving animal performance when feeding low-quality forage in environments with high-sulfate drinking water.

Effects of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor on hydrogen sulfide production and cystathionine γ-lyase expression in human endothelial cells.

Examining the changing patterns and underlying mechanisms of soil biomass carbon stocks constitutes a fundamental aspect of soil biology. Despite the potential influence of the sulfur cycle and the life strategies of organisms on community biomass, these factors have rarely been studied in tandem. Biocrusts are model systems for studying soil ecosystems. In this study, metagenomic analysis of biocrusts related to different life strategies from five batches over four consecutive years demonstrated that, in free-living communities, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) synthesis, via assimilatory sulfate reduction (ASR), is primarily coupled with the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycles. These pathways are affected by the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient levels. The decomposition of organic carbon (OC) via dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) was accompanied by the production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which was influenced by the C/S ratio and moisture, whereas the synthesis of MBC by symbiotic communities was found to be affected by Eh and pH, and decomposition was affected by the C/S ratio. The MBC stock was influenced by all strategies, with resource strategies having the greatest impacts during the growing season, and the contribution of chemotrophic energy was most significant in free-living communities. In conclusion, the MBC in biocrusts is associated with both ASR and DSR and is facilitated by the A-, S-, and P-strategies under the regulation of the stoichiometric C/S ratio. The exploration of microbial life strategies and sulfur cycling in biocrusts within arid ecosystems in this study offers a new perspective on the patterns of change in soil biomass carbon stocks.

Immunotherapeutic strategies have proven to be very promising in the treatment of drug-resistant infections. However, breakthroughs against medical implant infections have been hampered by the presence of sophisticated bacterial biofilm defense barriers and suppressive immune cells at the biofilm-immune interface. Herein, we developed a nanointerfering catalyst (niCatalyst) for targeted modulation of cysteine metabolic processes in the biofilm-immune microenvironment (BIME). By releasing aurin tricarboxylic acid, the niCatalyst effectively blocked key enzymes involved in cysteine metabolism, thus limiting the production of hydrogen sulfide and glutathione in the biofilm defense barrier. Light-triggered burst catalysis of singlet oxygen further exacerbated the oxidative stress damage within the biofilm. Additionally, interference with cysteine metabolism inhibited cellular glutathione synthesis, leading to the enhancement of antimicrobial immune responses and antigen-presenting cell functions in macrophages. This, in turn, costimulated the immune functions of antibiofilm adaptive helper T cells and cytotoxic NK cells. In summary, our emerging niCatalysts enable reprogramming of cysteine metabolism in the BIME, as well as costimulation of innate and adaptive immunotherapy. This approach effectively eliminates drug-resistant biofilm infections with low metabolic activity, providing an alternative for metabolic immunotherapy in the postantibiotic era.

Role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in cancer.

Solar-driven PHB synthesis from wastewater by engineered semiconductor-bacteria biohybrids.

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pivotal catalytic enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, widely expressed in various organs of the female reproductive system. CBS expression affects the contents of sulfur-containing metabolites including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and taurine. GSH and taurine act as antioxidants, participating in maintaining the cellular antioxidant defense system. In addition, several reactions catalyzed by CBS are accompanied by the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a gaseous transmitter, participates in various biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the structure, the distribution of CBS, factors affecting CBS expression, and CBS-related sulfur-containing metabolites. It also discusses the functions of CBS under normal physiological conditions and pathological circumstances in the female reproductive system and explores the possibility of the CBS/H2S axis as a direction in the treatment of female reproductive system diseases.

During well drilling,production, processing, transportation, andrefining of the crude oil, it is common to observe sludge formation,which can contain several kinds of compounds, such as organic compoundsof the oil and inorganic compounds generated during oil and/or waterproduction. There are many procedures to prevent organic and inorganicdeposition; however, to apply suitable procedures, it is necessaryto identify the cause of the sludge formation. This can be achievedthrough a detailed sludge characterization. This study presents asequence of techniques to characterize different kinds of industrialsludges and proposes the causes of the formation of each of them.The techniques used involved thermogravimetric analysis, successivesolvent extractions, microcalorimetry, sulfide test, X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The sequenceof the analyses was presented considering the amount of sample available.Four industrial sludge samples were used, two from an oil productionline and two from a water production line. The protocol establishedto characterize the sludge was shown to be useful to identify thecause of the deposition. The main causes detected in the samples analyzedwere asphaltene deposition, inorganic deposition, and inorganic compoundsformed by hydrogen sulfide and corrosion products.

The use of seawater with a high sulfate content for water-flooding of oil reservoirs contributes to the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), producing sulfide, which causes oil souring, corrosion of steel equipment, and environmental problems during oil production and refining. The purpose of this work was to determine the composition of microorganisms and the physicochemical parameters of the production and injection water of the Prirazlomnoye offshore high-temperature oil field in order to improve our understanding of the corrosion-active microorganisms. High-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 fragments of the 16S rRNA gene, quantitative PCR of bacteria and archaea, and cultural and analytical methods were used in the work. SRB, fermentative and syntrophic bacteria, and methanogenic archaea capable of participating in the processes of general and pitting corrosion of steel equipment were found in water samples. The production water contains sulfate, sulfide, and thermophilic SRB (Thermacetogenium and Desulfonauticus). Mixing of the produced water with seawater leads to its cooling and emergence of mesophilic SRB (Desulfobacter and Desulfogranum) in the water treatment system. Residual oil hydrocarbons and sulfides can be oxidized in the water treatment system, and the resulting metabolites serve as electron donors and acceptors for fermentative sulfidogenic bacteria (genera Caminicella, Kosmotoga, Petrotoga, and Geotoga). Sulfate-reducing and methanogenic enrichments from reservoir water produce sulfide and methane, respectively, receiving electrons from Fe0 in the absence of other sources of H2, which can contribute to pitting corrosion. This study allows for improving the ways to control sulfidogens and expands understanding of the microbial diversity of oil reservoirs.IMPORTANCEOil production from oil reservoirs with sulfate-containing formation water and injection seawater is accompanied by the appearance of sulfide in oil production, which increases the cost of oil refining and enhances corrosion processes of steel equipment. In this work, the physicochemical conditions and the composition of microorganisms in the produced and injected seawater at the Prirazlomnoye oil field (Russia) are investigated. The biocides used at the oil field are ineffective in suppressing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which are considered the main agents of microbial corrosion. It has been shown that not only SRBs but also fermenting bacteria inhabiting the oilfield were capable of producing sulfide. Enrichment cultures of autotrophic SRBs and methanogens capable of receiving electrons directly from Fe0 with the production of sulfide and methane, respectively, were obtained. The new scientific information obtained on microbial communities of oil reservoirs will make it possible to improve methods for monitoring corrosive microorganisms and selecting biocides.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a crucial signaling molecule with profound physiological and pathological roles, sparking interest in its biotechnological production through microbial engineering. The potential applications of microbially produced H2S in medicine, agriculture, and industry have driven significant research advancements. This review comprehensively examines the latest developments in engineering microbes for H2S production. Key topics include genetic and metabolic engineering strategies that enhance H2S biosynthesis, innovative production methods, and practical applications of microbial H2S. Additionally, we address the technical and biological challenges faced in optimizing H2S production, such as maintaining microbial viability and ensuring controlled release. The review also explores future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for sustainable and efficient production systems, the potential for scalable industrial applications, and the integration of H2S-producing microbes in therapeutic and agricultural settings. Overall, this review provides a detailed overview of the current state and future prospects of H2S production, highlighting its significance in various biotechnological applications.

Ferrous activated sodium percarbonate for controlling sulfide and methane production in sewer sediment.