Productive Service Industry Research Articles

Research on the Industrial Structure Upgrading Effect of the Employment Mobility of Graduates from China’s “Double First-Class” Colleges and Universities

This paper develops a panel data fixed effect model to analyze the impact of the employment mobility of “Double First-class” college graduates on the rationalization of the industrial structure, advanced industrial structure, high-tech industrial structure upgrading, and industrial structure upgrading of the producer service industry. The results show that the mobility of graduates from “Double First-class” colleges and universities has a positive effect on upgrading the industrial structure of various provinces. The difference is that the mobility of “Double First-class” college graduates has a greater impact on the upgrading of the industrial structure of high-end producer services, but has a weaker impact on the structural upgrading of high-tech industries. There is a mismatch between the employment needs of “Double First-class” college graduates and the jobs provided by high-tech industries. The mobility of graduates from “Double First-class” colleges and universities has obvious differences in the promotion of industrial structure upgrading in different regions. Therefore, this paper proposes to increase investment in high-level human capital to promote the free flow of labor and other production factors across industries, sectors, and regions.

The Impact of the Opening of Producer Services on the International Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry

Countries participating in the international division of labor each try to occupy the industrial highlands, obtain competitive advantages, and promote sustainability of economic development. Based on Porter’s Diamond model, it is widely believed that producer services are vital to support the manufacturing industry. Consequently, this paper selects samples of 55 countries and uses data from 2010 to 2017 to empirically test the impact of producer service’s opening on the export competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. The results show that the opening of producer services in a country promotes the improvement of international competitiveness of manufacturing industry, and the improvement effect is more significant in developed countries than in developing countries. Additionally, the negative impact of foreign capital access restrictions on the export competitiveness of the manufacturing industry is greater than the positive impact of service trade opening. It is also found that the restrictions on foreign capital’s opening in the financial sector have the biggest negative impact on manufacturing exports than that of other divisions of the producer service industry. To improve national competitiveness, it is suggested that the integration of service and manufacturing industries should be enhanced and to decrease FDI access to financial and transportation services restrictions.

Impact of industrial agglomeration on new-type urbanization: Evidence from Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration of China

This paper examines whether industrial agglomeration can promote new-type urbanization in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration of China. By building dynamic spatial Dubin model, our econometric results show that industrial agglomeration can significantly promote new-type urbanization in local area, and the spatial spillover effects of producer service industry and financial industry are significant. Compared with geographical proximity, the spatial spillover effects are more significant among cities with similar economic development degree. More specifically, the impact of producer service industry agglomeration on new-type urbanization is greater than that of foreign-funded industry and manufacturing industry. The impact of financial industry agglomeration on local new-type urbanization can only appear in a long period of time. Moreover, in case of coordinated industrial agglomeration in local and adjacent areas, the long-term effects of industry agglomeration on new-type urbanization are greater than the short-term effects. Overall, this paper offers a more comprehensive understanding the relationship between industrial agglomeration and new-type urbanization in China.

Rapid Transportation and Green Technology Innovation in Cities—From the View of the Industrial Collaborative Agglomeration

This research uses a two-way fixed effect model to examine the correlation between the development of high-speed rail and the growth of green technology innovation by adopting the panel data of 284 Chinese cities between 2004 and 2013. The empirical results show that the supply of high-speed rail services has a significant promoting influence on the advance of urban green technology innovation capabilities. In particular, cities located in central and western China, along with those cities with relatively little government support or relatively backward public cultural infrastructure, have more chances to benefit from the supply of high-speed rail services. In addition, by employing a mediating effect model, this article finds that the industrial collaborative agglomeration plays an important mediating role between high-speed rail and regional green technology innovation. Therefore, this article suggests that the Chinese central government should continue to accelerate the construction of the rapid transportation network and expand the coverage of high-speed rail services in China to increase the growth of green technology innovation and achieve steady and sustained economic growth in China. Meanwhile, local governments should actively guide the collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and related producer service industries under local conditions to stimulate the expansion of the green technology innovation market.

How does producer services’ agglomeration promote carbon reduction?: The case of China

This study tests how producer services' agglomeration (PSA) affects carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China by using balanced panel data of China's 30 provinces from 2003 to 2017 to analyze the three effects (i.e., scale, technique, and composition) of PSA on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, by dividing China's 30 provinces into three regions, we further explore the potential regional heterogeneity in the effects between these two variables. The empirical results indicate that an increase in PSA can effectively mitigate the greenhouse effect in China. PSA increases CO2 emissions by improving economic scale; however, strengthening technology and knowledge spillover effects and optimizing industrial structure can alleviate CO2 emissions. Although PSA helps reduce CO2 emissions in all three regions, we find significant regional heterogeneity. Our results imply that promoting the development of the producer services industry is essential to accelerate the realization of “carbon neutrality.”

An Entropy Weight Method of Collaborative Degree Model Between Producer Service Industry and Manufacturing Industry

In order to study the coupling coordination relationship, the equipment manufacturing industry has been taken as the example to develop the evaluation index system of producer services and equipment manufacturing industry through employing the entropy weighting method. The relationship between them has been verified in the whole country. The research results show that there is a symbiotic relationship between the producer services and the equipment manufacturing industry. Both of them are mutually promoted and symbiotically developed. The unbalanced economic development in all regions of China is dominated by the synergy degree difference of both sides, which provides the guidance for the regional economic development in our country.

High-quality Development Paths of Manufacturing Industry Based on Industrial Convergence

Industrial convergence is the key to achieving high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Based on the analysis of the development situation and convergence level of China’s manufacturing and producer service industry, this paper proposed four paths for the high-quality development of manufacturing from the perspective of industrial convergence: the convergence of research and design factor, the convergence of information technology factor, manufacturing servitization, and service-oriented reverse manufacturing. The conclusion provided some theoretical guidance for the development of manufacturing industry.

The fuzzy integrated TOPSIS economy ranking (FITER) model for manufacturing technology development in China

With knowledge perspective of industrial technology, in this paper we propose fast ranking score decision making model based on Fuzzy integrated TOPSIS approach to determine economic growth rate of manufacturing industry in China. This research focuses on driving effects of China’s productive service industry on manufacturing technology innovation. The research results show that the manufacturer service industry takes a high level of information diffusion for the manufacturing industry. It transmits a large amount of diverse information through the unconstrained relationship with the manufacturing industry, thereby forming the economic network with proposed Fuzzy integrated TOPSIS economy ranking (FITER) model and improve the development level of the manufacturing industry. We evaluate the performance of proposed FITER model by comparing ranking score of different manufacturing industry with different existing decision making mode and demonstrate that proposed model represent best ranking score in comparison to existing approach. Result from data analysis motivates driving effect of production services on the technological innovation of manufacturing and sub-sectors. It is found that the innovation and technological advancement in the production industry of services takes drive the overall expansion level of the business industry, as well as make the manufacturing industry the strongest.

Quantitative Research on the Impact of Opening to the Outside World on Industrial Competitiveness from the Perspective of Intelligent Data Analysis —Taking Guangzhou as an Example

Intelligent data analysis can use statistics, big data and other data analysis tools to discover the internal connections between transactions from the data. Use the relevant principles of intelligent data analysis to quantitatively study the relationship between Guangzhou’s total import and export value, foreign direct investment and industrial development. Quantitative research shows that foreign direct investment is of great has a significance to the improvement of Guangzhou’s industrial competitiveness, especially the development of the tertiary industry. Although the impact of import and export on Guangzhou’s industrial competitiveness is not as significant as foreign direct investment, the impact must not be ignored. On the basis of quantitative research results, it is proposed that Guangzhou should continue to make breakthroughs in optimizing the foreign investment environment, vigorously developing the producer service industry, and increasing the opening up of high-end manufacturing industries to promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up.

The Influence of Producer Service Industry Agglomeration on Industrial Structure Upgrading: Empirical Analysis Based on Threshold Model

This paper selects the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2017, and uses the threshold effect model to investigate the non-linear relationship between producer services agglomeration and industrial structure upgrading by taking the agglomeration degree of producer services lagging one year as the threshold variable. The results show that the effect of producer services agglomeration on industrial structure upgrading shows an inverted “U” nonlinear relationship, that is, there is an optimal agglomeration level, and the agglomeration effect has a lag.

How Does Synergistic Agglomeration of Productive Service Industry and Manufacturing Industry Promote Regional Innovation

Based on the theoretical analytical framework of new economic geography, this paper measures the degree of synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry by using provincial panel data from 2006 to 2016 in Central and East China, and adopts SYS-GMM to study the impact of synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry on regional innovation. The results indicate that the synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry can promote regional innovation, but the degree of synergistic agglomeration shows a significant difference in spatial distribution. Further analysis shows inconsistencies in the impact of industrial synergistic agglomeration on regional innovation. For the regions at the early and middle stages of industrialization, industrial synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry can promote innovation, while for the regions at the later stage of industrialization, industrial synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry will restrain innovation. The industrial synergistic agglomeration of productive service industry and manufacturing industry mainly acts on regional innovation through three channels, including information sharing effect, infrastructure scale economy effect and knowledge spillover effect. The above findings provide enlightenment for industrial development and adjustment in different regions.

Agricultural Productive Service System Based on the Block Chain and Edge Computing

With the rapid development of the service sector in economic growth, productive service industry has become a growing field of people’s attention. Agricultural productive services are a supporting point to promote the development of modern agriculture, and at the same time, they also point out the direction for promoting the transformation of the agricultural development mode, which has very important strategic significance. In order to analyze and improve the rural productive service system and solve the “three rural” issues, this article designs an agricultural productive service analysis framework from the perspective of farmers, statistics of the investment in agricultural productive services in a certain region from 2015 to 2019, the expenditure of agricultural productive services in agriculture, forestry, fishery, and animal husbandry, and per capita wage income and operating income of farmers in the area under agricultural productive services, and in the process of agricultural production, farmers need agricultural productive services from the perspective of the whole process, land preparation, seeding, pest control, fertilization, and harvesting risks. The data in this experiment are stored in a distributed manner through the block chain, and the data are stored in the corresponding part in the chronological order; the data are transmitted to the edge server of the experimental network in the way of point-to-point transmission, and then edge computing technology is used to calculate and analyze the data collected in the experiment. The final result shows that, in this region, the input of the main agricultural producer service industry is growing very fast, the scale of productive services is expanding, and more and more attention is paid to the producer services in the process of agricultural production, but the internal composition of agricultural producer services is unbalanced. With the continuous improvement of the scale of agricultural productive services, the per capita income of farmers and the per capita income of management are also increasing year by year. When the scale of agricultural productive services reaches 0.09 in 2019, the per capita wage income of farmers has reached 3900 yuan, and the per capita income of farmers has reached 3750 yuan. And in the perspective of various risks in agricultural production, the higher the risk coefficient, the stronger the risk preference of farmers and the higher the risk investment in agricultural production services.

The impact of special economic zones on producer services productivity: Evidence from China

Do Special Economic Zones (SEZs) promote the productivity of producer services, and what are the channels of the effect? To shed light on these questions, we collect a dataset of 1.46 million producer service firms on the basis of the Second Economic Census of China. We then use the dataset to prove the productivity advantages of producer service industry in the SEZs. Guided by a “new” new economic geography model, we estimate these advantages using the IV model and unconditional distribution characteristic-parameter correspondence method. Results imply that agglomeration effect is the source of the productivity advantages of the producer services in the SEZs. This effect is positively correlated with the local manufacturing scale. A high industrial relevancy between the producer services and the leading manufacturing industry in the SEZs results in a strong agglomeration effect. The preferential policy in the SEZs reduces the entry barrier for firms and attracts a high proportion of inefficient firms entering with the selection effect. This result has a negative impact on promoting the productivity of producer services. The conclusions are robust in different circumstances.

Research on the Impact of Producer Service Industry Agglomeration on Economic Green Transformation

This paper selects the data of the lower Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2013 to 2017 as the reference. First, the location entropy method is used to measure the level of producer services agglomeration. Through the establishment of the SBM model, the input and output indicators are introduced to calculate the trend of economic green transformation in provinces and cities of lower Yangtze River economy. Finally, this paper takes the green efficiency value as the dependent variable and uses the five quantities such as the agglomeration degree of the producer service industry as independent variables to construct the Tobit model, and uses the MLE method to measure the variable coefficients to analyze the impact of the agglomeration of the producer service industry on the economic green transformation. The results show that in the lower Yangtze River Economic Belt, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province have a good development trend in the green transition of the producer service industry agglomeration economy; and they all show the spatial distribution characteristics of “east high and west low”; producer services Industry agglomeration has a significant positive role in promoting green economic transformation.

Effects of Urban Producer Service Industry Agglomeration on Export Technological Complexity of Manufacturing in China.

Based on the measurement of producer service industry agglomeration and export technological complexity of manufactured products in 288 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2015, this paper illustrates the evolvement and spatial characteristics of the two factors through visualization figures, and discusses the effects of producer services agglomeration on export technological complexity of manufacturing through robust panel data models. The findings are as follows: as with the influence of industrial connection, empirical outcomes indicate that urban producer service agglomeration can promote technological complexity of export manufacturing on the full-sample level. Visualization analysis shows that the scale of producer service industry agglomeration and the export technological complexity of manufactured products around Chinese cities kept rising constantly during the study period. However, although the export technological complexity displayed a trickle-down effect, the producer service industry agglomeration experienced continuous polarization both on the national and the regional levels. Accordingly, as is shown in the empirical analysis by areas, regions with strong support from producer service industry saw a remarkable promotion in the export manufacturing technology, while the northwest and the northeast gradually lagged behind. Such results sufficiently prove that heterogeneity does exist in the performances of industrial connection between producer service industry and export manufacturing in cities of different regions in China.

Industrial collaborative agglomeration, marketization, and green innovation: Evidence from China’s provincial panel data

The growth effect of collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer service industries is receiving increasing attention from scholars. However, few studies have explored whether and how collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer service industries affects green innovation. To bridge this gap, using the methods of the system generalized method of moments, the moderating effect, and the threshold effect, and employing the panel data of 30 provinces of China for 2003–2017, this paper studies the effect of industrial collaborative agglomeration on green innovation and how this influence fluctuates when marketization is included. The main findings are as follows: (1) During the sample period, industrial collaborative agglomeration generally had a blocking effect on China’s green innovation. A 1% increase in industrial collaborative agglomeration indicated a 0.461% decrease in green innovation efficiency. (2) Marketization can be an essential and efficient factor to correct the negative impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration through a moderating effect. (3) With the improvement of marketization, industrial collaborative agglomeration exhibits a U-shaped effect on green innovation, with the turning point occurring when the marketization index is 6.21. (4) As of 2017, 21 provinces have successfully exceeded the threshold of marketization, indicating that the current industrial collaborative agglomeration has been able to effectively improve China’s green innovation efficiency. However, the other nine provinces still trail behind them in marketization reforms, with industrial collaborative agglomeration continuing to negatively affect green innovation. (5) This paper concludes with recommendations to improve green innovation through industrial collaborative agglomeration and market reform.

Reform of Replacing Business Tax with VAT, Industrial Interconnection and Manufacturing Upgrading: Based on the Mechanism Test of Tax Reduction and Producer Service Industry Agglomeration

Recently, the reform of “replacing business tax with VAT” has been an important means for the Chinese government to promote economic growth. It has had a profound impact on the service industry’s tax burden, social welfare and local fiscal revenue. However, the ultimate goal of this reform is not simply to reduce taxes, but to promote China’s transformation and upgrading by promoting the division of labor among industries. The research on the impact of replacing business tax with VAT has been concentrated on the service industry, while fewer studies have analyzed its impact on manufacturing enterprises. Theoretically, “replacing business tax with VAT” can promote the development of the service industry by encouraging specialization and innovation, thereby providing new information and knowledge flow to the manufacturing industry, and promoting the manufacturing industry to increase R&D, procurement, marketing and other links to help it achieve a higher value chain. On the other hand, the manufacturing industry is also a net beneficiary of this reform. After the reform, the VAT input tax amount of its outsourcing services has changed from non-deductible to deductible, and the tax burden has been reduced, which will also stimulate the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Which path matters more? This paper takes the A-share manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2009 to 2015 as the object, and tests the influence and mechanism of the replacing business tax with VAT on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. It finds that the reform promotes manufacturing enterprises’ transformation and upgrading, and its effect can last at least two years. The concentration of regional producer service industry plays a significant intermediary effect in promoting manufacturing upgrading, while the influence of turnover tax burden reduction is limited. The reform obviously promotes the upgrading of private manufacturing enterprises and districts of higher institutional pressure, instead of state-owned enterprises and districts of lower institutional pressure. The research in this paper shows that the reform’s influence is not limited to the service industry. What is more significant is that it will promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional kinetic energy（manufacturing industry）by cultivating new kinetic energy in the service industry. The latter will then provide a more solid market demand for the service industry, and eventually achieve the conversion of old and original kinetic energy. This paper reveals the impact and mechanism of the reform of replacing business tax with VAT on manufacturing upgrading. Its conclusions have important policy implications for current tax reduction and industrial upgrading policies.

Research on symbiosis state between manufacturing and producer services industry

The producer services industry and the manufacturing industry are interconnected; subdivision industries of producer services industry have different effects on the manufacturing industry. In order to accurately determine the relationship among them, and to guide China Government to correctly make industrial planning, a variable analysis model is built based on theoretical analysis. From the viewpoint of time series, the first period state of their relation is compared with the whole period, the reasons for changes are analysed. In addition, the balance of industrial relation is forecasted. Using increased value of industry to calculate their interacting relation after data smoothness treatment based on Lotka-Volterra model and EViews software. The result shows that the relationship between manufacturing, technology services, and finance is predator-prey relation, while manufacturing and transportation and warehousing are in mutually reinforcing and symbiosis condition. After discovering their current relationship, recommendations for optimising industrial relations in order to achieve industrial cooperation and mutual development are brought forward.

Research on the Impact of FDI in Producer Services on Carbon Emissions

Under the background of global warming, how to reduce carbon emissions and realize green and sustainable development in China is worth exploring. Firstly, this paper makes theoretical analysis, and considers that FDI in producer services can reduce the carbon emission of manufacturing industry by optimizing the input structure of manufacturing industry, improving the productivity and technical level, and enhancing the management ability and resource allocation ability of manufacturing enterprises. Then, using the panel data of China’s industries from 2004 to 2014, this paper uses two-way FE method to carry out empirical test, and finds that the increase of FDI in producer services can significantly reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to actively guide multinational corporations to invest in China’s producer services industry, to promote green and sustainable economic development.

Research on symbiosis state between manufacturing and producer services industry

Research on symbiosis state between manufacturing and producer services industry