Production Capacity Research Articles

The impact of two-way foreign direct investment on industrial green development: perspective of international cooperation on production capacity in China

The impact of two-way foreign direct investment on industrial green development: perspective of international cooperation on production capacity in China

Production characteristics and adsorption control mechanism of CO2-rich CBG wells

To investigate the productivity laws of coalbed gas (CBG) wells in carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich coalfield, the Haishiwan coal mine in Yaojie coalfield, Gansu Province, China, which is rich in CO2 of different concentrations in CBG, was selected as the study area. Using numerical simulation technology, the production capacity of CBG wells was simulated, and the thermodynamic factors influencing gas adsorption differences on production capacity were discussed. Numerical simulation indicates that with the increase of CO2 concentration, the gas breakthrough time is prolonged, and the gas production first increases and then decreases. Research considers that changes in CBG production capacity result from the combined effects of temperature and pressure on gas adsorption. At shallow coal seams, pressure is the dominant factor that promotes gas adsorption, resulting in increased gas content and production. However, due to the competitive adsorption of CO2 and methane (CH4), CO2 preferentially adsorbs on coal, hindering desorption. Therefore, gas breakthrough in CBG wells with high CO2 concentration is slower, but the production period is longer. On the contrary, high temperatures inhibit gas adsorption in deeper coal seams, reducing gas content and promoting CH4 desorption. Therefore, CBG wells with low CO2 concentration have faster gas breakthroughs, but overall production is lower. The findings of this study help to better understand the drainage characteristics of CO2-rich CBG wells and provide guidance for developing such resources.

Strategies to reduce the effects of cost disease in orchestras

ABSTRACT Symphony orchestras, especially newer ones, face growing financial deficits (“income gaps”). This article proposes strategies to address these gaps by analysing the supply and demand for classical music concerts. These strategies align with current social, economic, technological, and cultural trends while leveraging modern marketing and technological advancements to enhance productivity. The proposed approach includes demand-side strategies like audience segmentation and general attraction, and supply-side strategies focused on efficiency, dissemination, and artistic quality. Key elements for successful implementation include revenue diversification, community engagement, education, and partnerships between orchestras, public authorities, and stakeholders. These strategies aim to improve financial sustainability, reduce dependency on subsidies, and democratize access to classical music, broadening its cultural appeal. By strengthening orchestras’ autonomy and production capacity, this research seeks to reinforce their quality, independence, and ability to popularize classical music across diverse populations and regions.

Design and Testing of Stream as a Sterilization Tool for Trichoderma sp. Propagation Media Using a Palm Oil Mill Steam Boiler

Trichoderma sp. is a fungus used in oil palm plantations to control basal stem rot disease, which can reduce palm oil production by up to 80%. At PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, the production of this fungus uses an autoclave, which can only produce 51 kg of Trichoderma sp. per day per unit. To meet the high demand for Trichoderma sp., a large-capacity sterilization tool called "stream" is needed for mass production. The optimal performance of the Stream shows that effective sterilization can be achieved in 20 min when the tool is operated for 45 min. The effectiveness of this sterilization time is proven by the Total Plate Count (TPC) test, which shows a bacterial count of 109×103 CFU/g and a fungal count of 35 CFU/g. The Trichoderma sp. product produced through this process has a conidium density of 8×108, 100% conidium viability, and an inhibition power of 54%, all of which exceed the standard values of SNI 8027.3:2014. Based on its production capacity, Stream can achieve production of up to 1 ton per day with quality not significantly different from Trichoderma sp. production using an autoclave. Keywords: Autoclave, Basal stem rot disease, Sterilization, TPC, Trichoderma sp.

Non-linear impacts of productive capacity on organizational sustainability: an analysis of Next-11 countries with ESG moderation

Non-linear impacts of productive capacity on organizational sustainability: an analysis of Next-11 countries with ESG moderation

GDP per capita vs foreign direct investment: key drivers of a country's technological leadership

This study aims to test the hypothesis that countries with high GDP per capita achieve technological leadership not primarily due to their domestic production capacity but through the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). The research covers 21 developed countries across Western Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia, for the period 2011 to 2022. The Bartlett test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criterion, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to identify the most relevant indicators for the study. A true fixed-effects stochastic frontier model was applied to panel data, based on the Cobb-Doug- las production function and the translogarithmic function, to evaluate the determinants of technological development and identify technical efficiency. Fourteen indicators of techno- logical development were used as independent variables, while five key economic indicators were included as adjustment variables. Research and development expenditure served as the dependent variable. Three frontier models were constructed, incorporating adjustment variables such as GDP per capita, FDI net inflows, and FDI net outflows. The findings provide valuable insights for

Synthesis of a New Bis‐4‐Cumyl Phenoxy Phthalocyaninato Silicon (IV) and Its Evaluation on Selectivity for Iron (III) Ions

ABSTRACTAxial phthalocyanine compound carrying 4‐cumyl phenoxy groups was obtained from the reaction of 4‐cumyl phenol with silicon phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPcCl2). The compound was characterized by 1H NMR, UV–visible light, FTIR, and mass spectrum. Electronic properties and photochemical properties of the compound were investigated by UV–visible light spectra. Singlet oxygen production capacity for the compound was investigated, and the singlet oxygen production (Φ∆) value was found to be 0.14. The sensor potential of the compound was investigated by UV–visible light spectra against magnesium (II) ions (Mg2+), manganese (II) ions (Mn2+), sodium (I) ions (Na+), nickel (II) ions (Ni2+), zinc (II) ions (Zn2+), silver (I) ions (Ag+), barium (II) ions (Ba2+), cadmium (II) ions (Cd2+), copper (II) ions (Cu2+), cobalt (II) ions (Co2+), and iron (III) ions (Fe3+). The selective sensitivity of the phthalocyanine compound only to Fe3+ ions enables the practical analysis of Fe3+ ions in many environments. This study presents an alternative and practically applicable method for the sensitive determination of Fe3+ ions, which have widespread adverse effects on the environment, ecosystem and human health.

USE OF LEAN METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS - CASE STUDY IN A PIM COMPANY

Global competitiveness and production complexity in modern industries highlight the need for methods to improve efficiency and productivity. Industrial modernization faces challenges such as complex processes, demand variability, and resource limitations, requiring fast and assertive solutions to avoid inefficiencies and loss of competitiveness. In Brazil, the Manaus Industrial Hub (PIM) exemplifies how methodologies and tools such as Lean Manufacturing, Yamazumi chart, Ishikawa, Line Balancing, 5 Whys, 5W2H, and Basic Matrix help to overcome logistics costs and regulatory pressures, optimizing resources and demands. Together with Production Planning, these methodologies and tools minimize costs, maximize productivity, eliminate waste and bottlenecks, and increase competitiveness. Focusing on the manufacture of loudspeakers, this qualitative, exploratory research, through a case study with bibliographic and documentary research, identified practices to optimize processes and solve problems, generating improvements in the production rate with a 21.9% increase in production capacity and labor efficiency with a 10.7% reduction in the number of operators on the line, generating a positive impact on business results. Keywords: Productive Efficiency, Quality, Production Management, Lean.

Geological resource production constrained by regional water availability.

Although the global economy requires geological resource mining, production has substantial environmental impacts, including the use of regional available water. In this study, we shed light on the global production capacity of 32 mined geological resources, considering regional water availability as a constraint. We found that current resource mining greatly exceeds regional water constraints for several, notably copper (37% of current production exceeds available water capacity) in 2010. Changing the location of production to regions of lower water stress would alleviate current exceedances of water constraints; however, considering economic factors shows that this is not always feasible. Future demand for geological resources is expected to require a considerable increase in water consumption. Considering the constraints of water resources in geological resource production is crucial for sustainability.

The Joint Effects of Firm’s Globalization and ESG Rating on Financial Performance: Evidence from Food Industry in Taiwan

The internationalization process helps firms accumulate business knowledge and experience; however, firms also enjoy the benefit of decreasing risk due to diversification. The Taiwanese food industry has encountered some difficulties in internationalization, including insufficient production capacity, high tariffs, the lack of long-term planning by the government, and inadequate support from internal organizations. Overall, it is relatively problematic for the food industry to achieve internationalization, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) is the trend of sustainable development for enterprises to fulfill. This paper empirically explores the joint impact of the degree of internationalization and ESG ratings on the financial performance of the Taiwanese food industry from 2015 to 2021. Our empirical results found that international diversification and ESG performance have joint positive and significant effects on the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and return on sales (ROS) of the food industry, respectively. This means that the higher the internationalization of overseas companies in the food industry, the better the ESG performance would significantly improve its financial performance.

Penggunaan Energi Surya sebagai Tenaga Penggerak Mesin Pencacah Hijauan Pakan Ternak di Dusun Turi, Tulungagung

This community service activity aimed to apply solar energy to a cow and goat fodder chopper to obtain finely chopped forage. The realization of chopper and small-scale solar power plants was based on interviews with farmers. Chopped forage included elephant grass, caliandra, and young sugarcane. The electric power plant and chopper were settled in an area agreed upon by the farmers. Moreover, a comparative study on chopper construction shows that the free cutting mechanism implemented is also used by other researchers and has a simple and strong construction, nevertheless providing ease in disassembly and maintenance. A 12,1568 m2-monocrystalline solar panel, inverter, and battery were employed as the electric energy generating station for powering the chopper. The electric current surge occurring at the start of the chopper operation was found to be 73.82 A and can be dampened by a variable-speed drive to 3.4 A. The electric power station has an installed capacity of 5000 Watts and can deliver effective electric energy of 3000 Watts from an 8 hour-shining time of sunlight (8 a.m to 16 p.m) every day. The chopper can deliver a production capacity of fine chopped fodder of 200 kg/hour and can be operated for 6 hours nonstop daily. Farmers were satisfied with the performance of the chopper, as shown in the feedback forms of the farmers. Additionally, farmers have learned the benefits of the machine and have been able to employ it as well as to do chopper maintenance. This study successfully reached the capacity change of ruminant farmers in Turi Hamlet.

Physiological Response of Penicillium chrysogenum to Mimicked Local and Global Perturbations of Substrate and Dissolved Oxygen Gradients at Industrial-Scale.

Industrial-scale microbial fermentation processes often face limitations in mixing and mass transfer, leading to the formation of environmental gradients within the bioreactor. These gradients expose microbes to heterogeneous conditions over time and space. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combined substrate and dissolved oxygen (DO) gradients on the metabolic response of Penicillium chrysogenum at an industrial scale. Three representative heterogeneous environments were simulated in scale-down systems: (1) feed inlet (high glucose, low oxygen (HGLO): CS > 20 mM, DO < 0.012 mM), (2) aeration inlet (high oxygen, low glucose (HOLG): CS < 0.8 mM, DO > 0.2 mM), and (3) global environment (periodic 360 s fluctuation cycle with 45 s of HGLO and 75 s of HOLG conditions). Results showed that prolonged exposure to feed inlet conditions led to a complete loss of penicillin production capacity, accompanied by significant excretion of intracellular metabolites, and this effect was largely irreversible. While, cells randomly walking under the top impeller zone did not lose production capacity but showed signs of premature degeneration due to increased energy demand. When exposed to the global environment, cells finely tuned their metabolism in a periodical manner, with nearly a 50% loss of penicillin productivity. In summary, substrate gradients alone did not cause irreversible effects, but large substrate gradients contributed to reduced productivity. Oxygen gradients, however, not only reduced production but also caused irreversible cellular damage. These findings provide valuable insights for developing scale-up criteria and strain engineering strategies aimed at improving large-scale culture performance.

Agri-food waste to phenolic compounds: Life cycle and eco-efficiency assessments.

Agri-food waste to phenolic compounds: Life cycle and eco-efficiency assessments.

Design Simulation and Experimental Verification of Optimized Savonious Wind Turbine Profile

Nepal holds significant hydropower potential but has yet to fully exploit it, resulting in limited power production capacity. To address this energy gap, Nepal can tap into wind energy, capable of generating up to 3000 MW, with 448 MW currently exploitable. Nepal traditionally favors horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) but has only recently begun exploring vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). VAWTs, such as the Savonius design, are preferred for their simplicity and efficiency in low wind speeds and turbulent environments.The report outlines its design using SOLIDWORKS 17, detailing material selection, dimensions, and assembly. Experimental testing showed it achieved 266 rpm, 0.305 Nm torque, and 27.841 ω angular velocity at 6.3 m/s wind speed. Theoretical values at the same speed were 214.9 rpm, 0.377 Nm, and 22.5 ω, with mean absolute errors between experimental and theoretical results at 18.85% for torque and 15% for rotational speed. Suggestions to enhance efficiency include advanced materials such as carbon fiber.

Khả năng sản xuất của gà LLV thế hệ 3

The study conducted at the Animal Experiments and Domestic Animal Conservation Center over four generations of selection from 2023 to 2024 aimed to evaluate the production capacity of LLV-TH3 chickens (line 5). The experiment monitored 2,440 chickens at one day old (1,220 roosters and 1,220 hens), all individually numbered; by the laying stage, 600 hens were used for breeding. The research results show that LLV chickens have an attractive appearance, similar to the Lac Thuy breed, which matches current consumer preferences. LLV chickens exhibited a relatively high survival rate in the chick stage, with 97.87% for roosters and 96.97% for hens; in the pullet and replacement stages, the survival rates were 97.70% for roosters and 96.34% for hens. At 8 weeks old, the body weight of roosters reached 907.95 g, while hens reached 719.89g. At 20 weeks, the body weight of LLV chickens reached 2,110.71 g (roosters) and 1,612.27g (hens), higher than that of the Lac Thuy breed. Egg production per hen at 68 weeks old reached 144.39 eggs, 4.23 eggs more than the initial generation and 8.66 eggs more than the Lac Thuy hen line (LT2), with a feed consumption rate of 3.09 kg per 10 eggs. The fertility rate of eggs was 95.15%, and the hatchability rate of first-grade chicks per incubated egg was 76.07%. In conclusion, the production performance of the third-generation LLV chickens met the set goals.

Water production efficiency and economic benefits under diversified planting modes of intercropping-multiple cropping in arid regions.

Diversified planting patterns are important measures to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, alleviate the contradiction between grain crops and forage planting, and enhance water production efficiency. In order to explore the suitable diversified planting modes in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, a total of 4 treatments were designed, including wheat-maize silage intercropping and multiple planting of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid after wheat harvest (T1); wheat-cabbage intercropping, multiple planting of oil sunflower after wheat harvest, followed by maize silage planting after cabbage harvest (T2); sole wheat, after the harvest of wheat, half of the land is used for multiple plantings of maize silage, and the other half is used for multiple plantings of oil sunflower (T3); and sole maize silage (T4). The results showed that all diversified planting modes can increase biomass and land equivalent ratio compared to the control monoculture. The T2 had the highest total biomass and land equivalent ratio, the two-year average was 79.68t/ha and 2.27, respectively. The highest biological yield per cubic meter of water was achieved by T3, with an average of 12.65kg/m3 over two years. T1 achieved the highest output value per cubic meter of water, with 16.81 Chinese Yuan/m³ over 2years. In both T1 and T2, due to the increased spacing between intercropping crops, as well as sufficient water and fertilizer supply and developed root system, maize silage is at a competitive advantage, with a interspecific relative competitive ability between 0.059-0.234. When maize silage and oil sunflower are planted simultaneously, due to the fast growth rate of oil sunflower, it is the dominant crop, the interspecific relative competitive ability in 2022 and 2023 were 0.164 and 0.137, respectively. The net benefit of T1 was the highest, with an average total net income of 84,950 Chinese Yuan/ha over 2years. It can be seen that diversified planting patterns can improve the yield and economic benefits per unit land area, and are a highly promising planting pattern.

Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristics for solving uncertain supply chain network design problem addressing supplier’s ESG factor

Purpose The uncertain supply chain network design (SCND) problem, considering suppliers’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings, has been infrequently addressed in the literature. Looking at the importance of ESG ratings in achieving supply chain sustainability, this study aims to fill the gap by incorporating supplier ESG factors into SCND within an uncertain environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a multi-period, multi product SCND model that integrates ESG factors and accounts for uncertainties in supply and production capacities. The model seeks to minimize total operational costs by determining the optimal selection of plant and warehouse locations across multiple time periods. Uncertainties in supply and production capacities are managed through a chance-constrained programming approach with right-hand side stochasticity. A Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristic method is applied to address the NP-hard nature of the problem. Findings The efficacy of the proposed model is illustrated through a numerical example, demonstrating its capability to optimize material flows across the supply chain under uncertain conditions. The model simultaneously considers economic and ESG factors in procurement decisions. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine different operational scenarios and their implications on the model’s outcomes. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to integrate ESG factors into SCND under uncertainty. The proposed model provides a robust framework for decision-makers to optimize supply chain operations while considering both economic and ESG objectives in an uncertain environment.

Exploring the potential of chemical recycling using a distributed model in the UK - A life cycle assessment perspective.

Exploring the potential of chemical recycling using a distributed model in the UK - A life cycle assessment perspective.

Japan’s defence industrial strategy and fighter aircraft production: striving for tier-one status and the GCAP Project

ABSTRACT In the contemporary period, and as seen in its 2022 “National Security Documents,” Japan has not abandoned its ambitions or traditional model to preserve an indigenous defence production capacity, even if accepting the need for significant modifications of its approach. This paper utilises Japan’s case to address the related questions of how “tier-two” states attempt to navigate – effectively or otherwise – approaches for developing an indigenous defence production base, including exploitation of the interface of domestic civilian and military industrial sectors; selection of key technologies and sectors for prioritisation; and minimising over-dependence on, and linking with, foreign partners for the importation; and development of weaponry. Although the paper considers Japan’s defence production ambitions across a full range of weapons platforms and the extent of its model in meeting national strategic and industrial objectives, it places particular focus on examining Japanese interest in fighter plane production from the post-war to the contemporary era and the new Global Combat Air Programme for a sixth-generation fighter – involving Japan, the UK and Italy, and potentially other partners – as an attempt to break into the “tier-one” of arms producers.

Historical Drivers and Reduction Paths of CO2 Emissions in Jiangsu’s Cement Industry

With global climate challenges intensifying, the cement industry, as a major CO2 emitter, has attracted significant attention regarding its emission reduction potential and strategies. Advanced economies like the European Union use carbon pricing to spur innovation, while emerging countries focus on incremental solutions, such as fuel substitution. Combining LMDI decomposition and the LEAP model, this study examines Jiangsu Province as a test bed for China’s decarbonization strategy, a highly efficient region with carbon intensity 8% lower than the national average. Historical analysis identifies carbon intensity, energy mix, energy intensity, output scale, and economic effects as key drivers of emission changes. Specifically, the reduction in cement production, real estate contraction, lower housing construction, and reduced production capacity are the main factors curbing emissions. Under an integrated technology strategy—including energy efficiency, fuel and clinker substitution, and CCS—CO2 emissions from Jiangsu’s cement sector are projected to decrease to 17.28 million tons and 10.9 million tons by 2060 under high- and low-demand scenarios, respectively. Clinker substitution is the most significant CO2 reduction technology, contributing about 60%, while energy efficiency gains contribute only 3.4%. Despite the full deployment of existing reduction methods, Jiangsu’s cement industry is expected to face an emissions gap of approximately 10 million tons to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, highlighting the need for innovative emission reduction technologies or carbon trading to meet carbon neutrality goals.