Processing Of Products Research Articles

CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVING OF MACHINE PARTS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BY THERMOMECHANICAL HARDENING

Current industrial production is characterized by requirements for improving the physical and mechanical properties of the used material. This causes a workload creating a rather complex load on all types of machines and mechanisms during operation. The design of such objects is currently based on a wide range of computational and experimental methods that allow modelling their state and behaviour even in the case of complicated non-stationary loading conditions. In this paper, the authors focus on the statistical evaluation of selected manufacturing operations related to mechanical and thermomechanical processing of products [Kuric 2011]. For example, in the case of long pipe billets with a thickness coefficient of 2-4, practically the only way of their production in the metallurgical cycle is cross-roll piercing followed by reduction. This process has high productivity but at the same time certain disadvantages. These disadvantages limit the efficiency and the range of use of the pipe blanks obtained by piercing, which leads to a consequent shortening of the machine production cycle. The presented approaches allow changing the structure of technological processes of production of axisymmetric metal products, by modifying the thermomechanical processing at the beginning of the production cycle.

Exploring the applications of natural language processing and language models for production, planning, and control activities of SMEs in industry 4.0: a systematic literature review

Exploring the applications of natural language processing and language models for production, planning, and control activities of SMEs in industry 4.0: a systematic literature review

Utilizing Dairy Waste Processing for Organic Agricultural Production: A Sustainable Approach to Producing Organic Goods

Resources are limited. Thus, farmers worldwide are trying to use their waste to best extract value that can promote environmentally friendly farming. Recycling dairy waste for organic cultivation seems to be one of the alternative approaches to pursuing environmentally friendly agriculture. This study investigates whether or not dairy waste treatment could improve organic crop production and promote a circular economy. This endeavor examines the credible benefits, obstacles, and consequences of incorporating dairy waste into organic farming practices. Using System Dynamics and case study approaches, including field trials, agricultural evaluation of data, and discussions with stakeholders, the research strategy advocates investigating how dairy waste-derived fertilizers influence soil fertility, crop productivity, and product quality. Interaction with stakeholders helps evaluate the viewpoints of growers, dairy producers, legislators, and consumers regarding adopting dairy waste treatment for organic agricultural growth. This study demonstrates how dairy waste processing can serve as a significant source of biofertilizer for organic farming. The beneficial impact of organic fertilizer derived from farm waste improves the nutritional value of organic crops, crop yield, and soil health. The crop production information collected in the study demonstrates that dairy waste-derived fertilizers are nutrient-dense and could substitute for manufactured/chemical fertilizers economically and environmentally. This study emphasizes the need for creative ideas to improve agricultural sustainability. The present study advances the understanding of sustainable agriculture and offers practical advice to those looking to use greener methods of operation.

Film image processing and production based on high-performance calculation

In film and television production, efficient and precise image processing is vital for achieving realistic visual effects. Therefore, exploring and applying advanced image processing technologies has become an essential method for elevating the production quality of film and television projects. This work investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the processing and production of animated images in film and television scenarios. By comparing the performance of standard Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), DenseNet, and CycleGAN models under different noise conditions, it is found that CycleGAN performs the best in image denoising and detail restoration. Experimental results demonstrate that CycleGAN achieves a Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (PSNR) of 30.1dB and a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.88 under Gaussian noise conditions. Moreover, CycleGAN achieves a PSNR of 29.5dB and an SSIM of 0.85 under salt-and-pepper noise conditions. It outperforms the other models in both conditions. Additionally, CycleGAN’s mean absolute error is significantly lower than that of the other models. This work demonstrates that CycleGAN can more effectively handle complex noise and generate high-quality images under unsupervised learning conditions. These findings provide new directions for future image processing research and offer important references for model selection in practical applications. This work not only offers new perspectives on the development of animation image processing technology but also establishes a theoretical foundation for applying advanced AI techniques in film and television production. Through comparative analysis of various deep learning models, this work highlights the superior performance of CycleGAN under complex noise conditions. This advancement not only drives progress in image processing technology but also provides effective solutions for efficient production and quality enhancement of future film and television works.

A Two-Individual-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Flexible Assembly Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Uncertain Interval Processing Times

The assembly job shop is a prevalent production organization mode in manufacturing enterprises. During the processing and assembly of products, operation processing times are influenced by numerous factors, leading to significant uncertainty. This paper investigates the flexible assembly job shop scheduling problem (FAJSP) with uncertain processing times, where processing times are represented as variable interval numbers. We develop a robust optimization model for the FAJSP, utilizing confidence level estimation to determine the ranges of processing times and reformulating the model based on the chance-constrained method. A two-individual-based master–apprentice evolutionary (MAE) algorithm is proposed. Two effective encoding schemes are designed to prevent the generation of infeasible solutions under assembly sequence constraints. Additionally, a decoding method based on interval scheduling theory is devised to accurately represent interval processing times. Case studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed robust optimization model and demonstrate the superiority of the MAE algorithm.

Effect of electron beam irradiation treatment on microstructure, physicochemical properties, and bioactive content of areca nut.

Electron beam irradiation treatment is a novel technology that uses low-dose ionizing radiation for the treatment of crops or food to enhance their quality. This study investigated the effects of electron beam irradiation on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and bioactive compounds of areca nuts. As the irradiation dose increased, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content in the areca nuts decreased significantly, whereas the polysaccharide and pectin content increased gradually. The hardness, chewiness, and adhesiveness of areca nuts reached their lowest values when the irradiation dose was within the range of 6-9 kGy, indicating that irradiation effectively reduced the hardness of the areca nut fibers. The decrease in crystallinity led to the formation of loose structures in the fibers upon irradiation, thereby improving their water retention, expansion, and oil-holding capacity, which are beneficial for the subsequent processing of areca nut-based chewable products. The water- and oil-holding capacities of the areca nuts peaked when the irradiation dose was within the 6-9 kGy range. Electron irradiation also affected the content of active substances in the areca nuts, particularly alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, showing an overall trend of initial increase followed by subsequent decrease. Electron irradiation was not only effective in softening the fibers but it also impacted the overall quality of the areca nuts significantly. The results provide valuable reference data for improving the quality of areca nuts through electron beam irradiation technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The role of the construction industry in the recovery of processing enterprises during the crisis

The article discusses the consequences of the crisis period for the work of processing enterprises in Ukraine. It is established that hostilities on the territory of our state and general instability lead to a decrease in production and force processing enterprises to cease their activities. Many enterprises are experiencing serious financial difficulties due to work restrictions, problems with the supply of raw materials, and the loss of industrial facilities. In the summer of 2022, the percentage of companies that closed or were in the process of ceasing operations was 46.8 %. A significant consequence of the war for the Ukrainian economy at the moment is the rapid changes in the territorial location and the change in the symmetry of the processing industry of Ukraine. The war also affected the sectoral structure of the processing industry, producing significant shifts and changes in the volume of products sold. The current political situation in Ukraine and the severance of business chains with the temporarily occupied territories require processing enterprises to search for new markets for products, sources of supply of raw materials, change logistics links, increase the production of raw materials and their own products. During the study, it was found that certain key aspects of the impact on the activities of processing enterprises were previously insufficiently studied. It is determined that the construction industry is of critical importance for the processing industry of the State during the crisis, which is designed to contribute to the recovery of this industry: to develop infrastructure, to build and modernize production facilities, which allows to introduce new technologies and optimize production processes, to improve the conditions of production itself, to build energy facilities to provide processing enterprises with stable and affordable energy supply, to apply modern construction technologies that will create environmentally friendly and energy-efficient production. For the restoration and development of the processing industry of Ukraine, taking into account the impact of the construction industry, we propose to apply the following measures: widespread implementation of the enterprise relocation program with the expansion of state support; the use of state programs for the reconstruction of property and lending, the development of international communications and the European vector for the recovery of the post-war industry based on the ESG concept and the principles of building back better, compliance with the principles of energy efficiency and energy saving, and the application of decarbonization measures. These tools are designed to provide stimulating processes in the processing industry to achieve and exceed the prewar level of the volume of competitive and high-quality products. The development of the construction industry plays an important role in the restoration of processing enterprises in Ukraine, so it is important to create favorable conditions for their cooperation, to develop comprehensive development strategies aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth and support.

Influence of (ultra-)processing methods on aquatic proteins and product quality.

Aquatic products are a high-quality source of protein for humans, and the changes in protein during aquatic product processing are crucial for nutritional value, product performance, and consumer health. With the advancement of science and technology, aquatic product processing methods have become increasingly diverse. In addition to traditional methods such as thermal processing (steaming, roasting, and frying) and pickling, emerging non-thermal processing technologies, such as high pressure, ultrasound, and irradiation, are also being applied. During (ultra-)processing, aquatic products undergo complex biochemical reactions, among which protein oxidation significantly affects the quality of aquatic products. Protein oxidation can alter the molecular structure of proteins, thereby changing their functional properties and ultimately impacting product quality. This paper primarily explored the effects of protein changes under different processing methods on aquatic product quality and human health, as well as techniques for controlling protein oxidation. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate processing methods, improving aquatic product quality, and controlling protein oxidation in aquatic products, and to offer scientific guidance for practical production.

ANÁLISE DE RISCOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE FRIGORÍFICOS: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PREVENÇÃO E CONTROLE

This paper is a scientific article whose theme is the analysis of risks in the production of meatpacking plants: strategies for prevention and control. In this environment, workers face physical risks, biological risks and risks of accidents. This is because, in meatpacking plants, we find places where the temperature is extremely low (usually below 0º). Therefore, the function of the PPE provided is to provide safety to avoid humidity, low temperatures, noise, injuries caused by sharp instruments and biological contamination. What strategies should be adopted to prevent and control the occurrence of accidents and/or the spread of diseases in the production line of meatpacking plants, based on risk analysis? The general objective is: to describe what risk management is as well as the best way to apply it in a meatpacking plant to prevent accidents and control occupational diseases. The specific objectives are: to characterize what risk analysis and management are in a meatpacking plant; to present the main characteristics of the production environment as well as the main precautions that should be taken to ensure the physical integrity of the worker; describe the guidelines set out in NR-32 and its determinations for occupational health and safety, especially in companies that work with the slaughter and processing of meat and meat products. The methodology used will be a descriptive and exploratory literature review

Production losses in Russian agriculture: Impact on food security and environmental sustainability

This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of losses on specific aspects of food security and environmental sustainability. The lack of full information on the benefits of food loss reduction destimulates developing appropriate effective measures at the public level and in the private sector. The study covers losses generated at the initial stages of the food supply chain, including agricultural production and primary processing. Methodological assessments are based on works of foreign authors, recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and domestic methodological developments in this area. The results indicate that at the primary stages of the food supply chain, food losses generate a relatively small amount of greenhouse gas emissions, so their reduction in order to lower the carbon footprint is not as effective as at the stage of retail and household consumption. However, preventing losses in agriculture contributes to the creation of additional volumes of food, which can be directed to the consumption of vulnerable groups of population. At the same time, the consequences of loss reduction vary greatly depending on the type of product

Antioxidant Properties of Freeze Dried Mix Fruits and Vegetables Product ‘Miss Freezy’ Using Lyophilization Method

Background: The proper processing of fruits and vegetable-based food products will improve appearance, taste, bioactivities, and preservation. Freeze-dried (FD) or lyophilization of foods extends shelf life and preserves food's nutritional value and bioactivities. The objective of this study is to compare the antioxidant properties, nutritional value, and vitamins of fresh fruit-vegetables and the combined FD product. Methods: A combination of fruits (mango, papaya, star-fruit, guava, banana, bengkuang), and vegetables (cucumber), called “Miss Freezy” were cleaned with an ozonizer and processed using the lyophilization method. The antioxidant activities measured included 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) assay. While the proximate analysis measured was the determination of water content, ash content, fat content, protein and carbohydrate content, and vitamin C. Results: The value of antioxidant activity in fruit-vegetable combination FD products was higher than in fresh fruit. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) of DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 scavenging activities were guava 48.74 µg/ml, guava 128.39 µg/ml, and banana 155.55 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the water content of fresh fruits, and vegetables was greater than FD products and inversely proportional to the level of ash, fat, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C lower than FD products. Conclusions: Based on the results of antioxidant activities, proximate analysis and vitamin C of the FD product was higher than fresh fruits and vegetables. The FD fruit-vegetable combination product can be used as an alternative snack product that is practical and healthy.

Processing and formulation technology of nutritional and functional food products by utilizing cheese and/or paneer whey: A critical review

Processing and formulation technology of nutritional and functional food products by utilizing cheese and/or paneer whey: A critical review

Metabolomics analysis of germinated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds: Possibility of incorporating short-term germination treatments into the sesame production process

Germination is an effective means to improve the nutritional value of sesame seeds. However, it is not clear whether it would be feasible to improve the nutritional value of sesame seeds by short-term germination treatments without causing substantial loss of oil. In this study, changes in the metabolite profiles of sesame seeds during short-term germination were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. After 20 h of germination, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of sesame seeds were elevated by 2.16 and 1.53 folds, respectively, and the antioxidant capacity of their extracts was also significantly increased. At the same time, the oil content was not reduced. In metabolomics analysis, 48 bioactive compounds (19 terpenoids, 10 amino acids and derivatives, 7 flavonoids, 8 cinnamic acid derivatives, and 4 organic acids) were identified as key metabolites associated with elevated antioxidant capacity. Amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were the major metabolic pathways during sesame seed germination. Overall, it was possible to use short-term germination treatments as a means of pretreatment during the processing of sesame seeds products.

Unraveling the molecular interactions and antioxidant mechanism of β-lactoglobulin with aloe’s hydroxyanthracene derivatives: A focus on aloin and aloe-emodin

Aloe dairy products have occupied a certain market share, and the interaction between the small bioactive molecules contained in aloe and milk proteins during product processing profoundly affects the performance of dairy products. In this study, two typical and potentially dangerous bioactive small molecules of aloe, aloin (AA) and aloe-emodin (AE), were selected to investigate their interaction mechanism with β-lactoglobulin (β-La). Computer simulations showed that AA/AE had the potential to form complexes with β-La, and the β-La-AA system exhibited a stronger binding affinity than the β-La-AE system. Fluorescence analysis showed that the binding affinity values of AA to β-La at 298 K were deduced to be (4.184 ± 1.06) × 104 M−1, meaning medium-strength interactions, comparatively, AE to β-La was weaker, were deduced to be (3.15 ± 1.25) × 103 M−1. In addition, the thermodynamic analysis found that ΔH0 and ΔS0 were positive in both the β-La-AA system and the β-La-AE system, which implies that the main driving force for the combination of AA/AE and β-La to form the ground state complex is the hydrophobic force. The conformation changes in β-La brought about by binding to AA/AE may alter the properties and functions of the protein, such as surface hydrophobicity and oxidation resistance. Analysis shows that β-La is potentially present in whey as an AA/AE carrier during the production of aloe milk.

A Brief Review of Hemp Fiber Length Measurement Techniques

Accurate fiber length measurement is essential for the processing and quality management of textile products. This article reviews the current methods used to measure fiber length, including manual, photoelectric, capacitive, and optical techniques. Existing sample preparation processes for natural fiber characterization have been primarily developed for cotton and wool fibers. However, hemp fibers present unique challenges due to their greater length variability, high strength, and low elongation, making some traditional sample preparation methods less effective. Image processing offers a promising approach for scalable and precise measurement of hemp fiber length. Nevertheless, current image processing techniques are limited by the inability to effectively handle overlapping fibers, which increases both the time and cost of testing. Continued research into developing more advanced segmentation algorithms could lead to more widely adopted commercial methods for fiber measurement.

Improvement of Livestock Product Delivery Services Using Design Thinking

PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, the largest livestock company in Indonesia, was established in 1972 as PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Animal Feedmil Co. Limited. Today, the company is expanding with a focus on livestock activities such as broiler breeding, poultry slaughterhouses, and packing, processing of meat and poultry products, cultivation of broiler chickens, and a large trade in live animals and chicken meat. This study aims to identify the obstacles that occur in the process of shipping chickens, both experienced by farmers and by chicken expedition companies. In addition, this research also aims to improve livestock product delivery services by applying the Design Thinking approach. In the context of the livestock industry, the delivery of products such as live DOC chickens requires special handling, especially related to temperature and humidity, considering the vulnerability of DOC chickens to environmental changes. With a focus on partner logistics companies PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, namely CV. Joint Work. The researcher included the Design Thinking method. The results of this research are expected to make a significant contribution to improving the quality of livestock product delivery services, improving operational efficiency, and providing a better experience for stakeholders.

Optimization of carbon emission in an integrated machine-piece scheduling and vehicle routing problem and its solution using MOPSO and NSGAII metaheuristic algorithms

The growth of the global economy is accompanied by significant energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions create various problems such as global warming and environmental degradation. To protect the environment, governments are seeking to reduce carbon emissions. Production systems that operate solely based on economic factors in the workshop only consider problems such as production speed, cost, and processing time. Two aspects can be effective in saving energy and reducing emissions at the production planning level: using routing to find the shortest path for collecting workpieces to the workshop, and turning off machines with long idle times and restarting them at the appropriate time. If the workshop production problem is combined with vehicle routing, a new problem arises. According to the research conducted so far, an integrated mathematical model for production routing has not been designed in a situation where the routing is before the production workshop. In this research, this bi-objective model is introduced, and it is solved using the augmented epsilon-constraint (AEC) method. The proposed mixed-integer linear programming model of this research includes three dimensions: environmental, social (customer satisfaction), and economic simultaneously. Given the high complexity of the mathematical model, MATLAB software and MOPSO and NSGA-II algorithms were used to solve it at higher dimensions. Seven evaluation criteria were used to compare the two proposed algorithms, and the results show that the MOPSO algorithm performs better. The findings suggest that minimizing pollution may involve sacrificing on-time delivery to customers. Consequently, decision-makers must carefully weigh the trade-off between reducing environmental impact and maintaining satisfactory delivery performance, ultimately deciding on an acceptable pollution level.

Separation and Purification of CHO Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles for Proteome Analysis.

For decades, host cell proteins (HCPs) have been investigated as putative contaminants in downstream processing of biopharmaceutical products of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, little is still known about the composition of the entire protein and vesicle environment in CHO cultivations. Ever evolving mass spectrometry techniques allow more and more insights into cell-cell communication processes and the composition of extracellular matrix, proteases, and further actively segregated compounds such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs themselves are a heterologous group consisting of exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic vesicles. To specifically analyze these subsets of the secretome and determine beneficial and detrimental factors for a production process, targeted separation and purification techniques are necessary.In this chapter, we present our optimized workflows for a clear differentiation between directly secreted proteins and the vesicular protein content of different fractions (especially exosomal small EVs) from CHO cell supernatant for proteomic analysis by NanoLC ESI-MS.

Modern Data Storage Technologies in the Context of Industry 4.0

Existing and currently widely used data storage technologies are considered. It is noted that the growth in the volume of digital information resources at an astronomical pace has led to the rapid development of technologies for their creation, storage, and access to them. In the context of Industry 4.0, the use of digital technologies to create intelligent and interconnected production and data processing processes is of particular importance. Blockchain technology and cloud technologies have become integral components of modern digital transformation. Taking into account the current state of data storage and blockchain technologies, network capabilities, enterprise needs and other factors, the possibilities of selecting and using storage tools and technologies, principles of joint implementation and application of different technologies, as well as modern virtualization approaches and blockchain technology for solving distributed data storage issues have been explored.

REAL TIME LUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY SYSTEM FOR PRODUCT PROCESSING AT AN ELECTRON ACCELERATOR

Quality control in industrial product processing at an electron accelerator requires continuous monitoring of critical parameters of the irradiation regime, first of all, of absorbed dose. The method of contact-free on-line measuring the surface distribution of absorbed dose in a processed object is described. The novel technique is based on the use of optical radiation induced in the object with the electron beam (cathodoluminescence, CL). It is shown, that the intensity of CL is proportional to the absorbed dose rate. An automated system for online measurement of the CL signal and determination of the scanning beam parameters (profile, width, offset) has been developed. The results of calibration of the absorbed dose by the CL signal in the industrial dose range are obtained. In contrast to the well-known methods of luminescent dosimetry based on thermo- or optically stimulated luminescence, the new approach does not require a special material for detector, as well as its extra stimulation to read out the dosimetry information.