Bioresource For Production Research Articles

Carbon dots enhance the recovery of microalgae bioresources from wastewater containing amoxicillin

The cultivation of microalgae using wastewater could bring some major economic benefits; however, the toxics in wastewater typically lead to a reduction in bioresource production. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) could enhance the photosynthetic activity of Chlorella under antibiotic stress because they might optimize photoluminescence by red-shifting incident light. Adding of 1 mg/L CDs increased the specific growth rate of Chlorella by 36.0% (day 8–13) and 52.7% (day 14–18) and significantly increased photosystems II activity. This treatment also increased amoxicillin removal by 18.6%. Thus, the toxicity of residuals was significantly eliminated (P < 0.05). The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous was increased by 14.6% and 9.9%, respectively. The production of pigments, lipids and proteins was increased by 16.6%, 19.5% and 24.8%, respectively. This work provided a new strategy of using CDs to mediate the coupling of microalgal bioresources production and toxic wastewater purification.

Coupling cold plasma and membrane photobioreactor for enhanced fouling control during livestock excreta treatment

To treat high-turbidity livestock excrements (LE), this study suggests a synergistic system coupling cold plasma (CP) and membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). During the continuous operation of the integrated system, physico-chemical oxidation of CP decompose turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) up to 99.9%. The microalgal concentration of Scenedesmus obliquus in the following MPBR reach as high as 1,944 mg D.W./L, which indicates the residual organic and inorganic substances were actively consumed by phototrophic metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis confirms this synergistic relationship of turbidity and TSS with biological growth parameters such as biomass growth, soluble microbial products, and extracellular polymeric substances. Results evidence that the turbidity and TSS are directly connected to the microalgal growth in this integrated system thus the role of CP is crucial to achieving the LE treatment goal. Overall, this study provides a guideline to support the enhanced treatment strategy to control LE with the production of bioresources for sustainable carbon and nutrient cycles.

Efficient magnetic harvesting of microalgae enabled by surface-initiated formation of iron nanoparticles

Magnetic separation represents a cost-effective and energy-saving strategy for harvesting targets of interest, e.g., small molecules, biomacromolecules, and cells, in complex mixture. Conventional approaches necessitate multi-step time-consuming processes, including the pre-synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and subsequent surface modification with targeting ligands. Here, a biocompatible and rapid separation strategy was developed for six microalgal species by in situ formation of iron nanoparticles on the microalgal surface. This method streamlines the separation process of various species of microalgae (e.g., Chlorella zofingiensis) from culture medium with a high harvesting efficiency (greater than 95%) within 1 min spanning a wide pH range of 4–11. Moreover, the recovered microalgae showed intact viability and exhibited no deterioration effect on the downstream extraction process of high-value bioproducts (e.g., chlorophyll, carotenoids and lipids). This method not only provides an alternative to harvest microalgae in a facile manner, but also demonstrates a new pathway to separate other microorganisms and cells, providing more opportunities in economic bioengineering and bioresource production.

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND THE FORMATION OF THE FISH PRODUCTS MARKET IN UKRAINE AND IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND THE FORMATION OF THE FISH PRODUCTS MARKET IN UKRAINE AND IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Bioeffect of static magnetic field on photosynthetic bacteria: Evaluation of bioresources production and wastewater treatment efficiency.

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) technology is a promising method for biomass, protein, pigments, and other value-added substances generation from wastewater. However, the above bioresources production efficiency is relatively low. In this work, a static magnetic field (SMF) was used to promote bioresources production. Results showed that SMF had positive effects on value-added substances production. With 0.35 Tesla (T) SMF, the PSB biomass, protein, carotenoids, and bacteriochlorophyll concentration were promoted by 31.1%, 22.6%, 56.7%, and 73.1% compared with the control group, respectively. Biomass yield finally reached 0.58g biomass/g COD removal, which was promoted by 37.1%. The doubling time was shortened by 37.9% in 0.35T group, showing that SMF can promote cell growth. With 0.35T SMF, the intracellular NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase activities concentration increased by 23.4% and 29.1%, respectively, thus increased the ATP content by 38.0%. Succinic dehydrogenase activity concentration greatly increased by 609.0% at 48hr, which potentially accelerated the tricarboxylic acidcycle and COD degradation as well as enhanced biomass production. PRACTITIONER POINTS: SMF promoted PSB bioresource production during wastewater treatment processing. Biomass, protein, carotenoids, and Bchl concentration were promoted by 31.1%, 22.6%, 56.7%, and 73.1%, respectively. PSB yield of 0.35 T group was promoted by 37.1% compared with the control group. SDH concentration of 0.35 T was promoted by 609.0% compared with the control group. Increased NADH and ATP synthase activity concentration by SMF enhanced energy metabolism.

Promoting Chlorella photosynthesis and bioresource production using directionally prepared carbon dots with tunable emission

Green microalgae are promising and sustainable bioenergy and biomass feedstocks, that specifically utilize blue and red light for photosynthesis. Using carbon dots (CDs) to optimize photoluminescence is an attractive strategy for enhancing microalgal bioresource production; however, CD synthesis traditionally requires harsh conditions and laborious procedures. Little research has focused on developing CDs with tunable emission that precisely satisfy photosynthetic requirements. In this work, we directionally prepared non-toxic CDs using a simple method, which could adsorb light at spectra 500–600 nm and emit red light at 580–700 nm. CDs significantly promoted microalgae (Chlorella) growth by ~15%. Meanwhile, potential intracellular bioresources, pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were generally enhanced. CDs, combined with an extracellular polymeric substance of microalgal cells, served as numerous micro-bulbs for Chlorella irradiation to sustainably provide optimized light. In this context, photosystems I and II were both stimulated. As such, we prepared CDs with tunable emission, which could significantly enhance microalgae and bioresource production.

Effect of oven and intermittent airflow assisted tray drying methods on nutritional parameters of few leafy and non-leafy vegetables of North-East India

Given a sizable proportion of bio-resource production in the North-east (NE) India and the need to enhance the shelf life of perishable horticultural regional produce, this work addresses the optimality of inexpensive oven and intermittent airflow assisted tray drying processes for Kolmou (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.), Pui (Basella alba), Jatialao sak (Lagenaria siceraria leaves), Kolphul (Musa balbisiana Colla blossom), Kaskal (Musa splendida), green Komora (Benincasa hispida) and Posola (Musa balbisiana Colla pseudostem) vegetables of NE India. Characterization parameters for process parametric optimality include proximate analysis based evaluation of moisture content, yield, carbohydrate, crude protein, soluble protein, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, ash, crude fibre and fat content. For most vegetables, tray drying process performance is superior in terms of better moisture removal, higher yield and higher anti-oxidant activity. Among all considered samples, tray dried Kolmou possessed highest antioxidant activity. Vitamin C content was seen to be highest in tray dried Komora.

Insights into the effect of different levels of crude oil on hydrolyzed polyacrylamide biotransformation in aerobic and anoxic biosystems: Bioresource production, enzymatic activity, and microbial function

The differences of crude oil recovery ratio resulted in different levels of crude oil in actual hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)-containing wastewater. The effect of crude oil on HPAM biotransformation was explored from bioresource production, enzymatic activity and microbial function. In aerobic biosystems, the highest polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) yield (19.6%–40.2%) and dehydrogenase (DH) activity (4.06–8.32 mg·g–1 VSS) occurred in the 48th hour, and increased with crude oil concentration (0–400 mg·L–1). In anoxic biosystems, the highest PHA yield (24.5%–50.5%) and DH activity (3.24–6.69 mg·g–1 VSS) occurred in the 72nd hour, and increased with crude oil concentration. The higher substrate removal (38.5%–65.7%) occurred in aerobic biosystems, while the higher PHA accumulation occurred in anoxic biosystems. PHA yield, DH activity and HPAM removal were related. Microbial function related to HPAM biodegradation and PHA synthesis was discussed. The main function of Pseudomonas and Bacillus in aerobic biosystems was to degrade HPAM, and in anoxic biosystems was to synthesize PHA.

Aquaponics and circular economy in Madeira Island: A Case Study of the Islandap Project

Aquaponics and circular economy in Madeira Island: A Case Study of the Islandap Project

The main development strategies of the fishing industry complex in the Republic of Crimea

The article presents the results of predicting the production of aquatic bioresources in the Republic of Crimea, outlines the main strategies in the development of the regional fishing industry complex, and specifies the preferable techniques for industrial farming of aquatic bioresources to provide the plants composing the region’s fishing sector with domestically supplied raw fish and seafood, as well as the population with proteins of aquatic origin.

Using co-metabolism to accelerate synthetic starch wastewater degradation and nutrient recovery in photosynthetic bacterial wastewater treatment technology

ABSTRACTStarch wastewater is a type of nutrient-rich wastewater that contains numerous macromolecular polysaccharides. Using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) to treat starch wastewater can reduce pollutants and enhance useful biomass production. However, PSB cannot directly degrade macromolecular polysaccharides, which weakens the starch degradation effect. Therefore, co-metabolism with primary substances was employed in PSB wastewater treatment to promote starch degradation. The results indicated that co-metabolism is a highly effective method in synthetic starch degradation by PSB. When malic acid was used as the optimal primary substrate, the chemical oxygen demand, total sugar, macromolecules removal and biomass yield were considerably higher than when primary substances were not used, respectively. Malic acid was the primary substrate that played a highly important role in starch degradation. It promoted the alpha-amylase activity to 46.8 U and the PSB activity, which induced the degradation of macromolecules. The products in the wastewater were ethanol, acetic acid and propionic acid. Ethanol was the primary product throughout the degradation process. The introduction of co-metabolism with malic acid to treat wastewater can accelerate macromolecules degradation and bioresource production and weaken the acidification effect. This method provides another pathway for bioresource recovery from wastewater. This approach is a sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology.

Fabrication of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agricultural Compost

ABSTRACTCellulose nanocrystals have emerged as replacements for man-made fibers to fabricate environmentally friendly green products. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) of mixed morphology were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of compost using sulfuric acid. Compost, an agro-based biomass feedstock, procured from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), cow dung, and saw dust (8:1:1) was utilized for the extraction of cellulose, followed by synthesis of CNCs. Compost was prepared using a rotary drum composter and was utilized for the production of CNCs. A two-step procedure for the extraction of CNCs was studied. Initial chemical treatments, including alkali treatment and bleaching, led to the gradual removal of lignin and hemicellulose, while the subsequent sulphuric acid (40%) hydrolysis step yields CNCs in an aqueous suspension. The synthesized CNCs have been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analyzer. The morphology and dimension of nanofibrils were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques, which showed mixed morphology of rectangular cone type and spherical dimensions. Fabrication of such mixed morphology was found to be dependent on the selected biomass. The trace of metal elements present in the biomass was investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). We report a cost effective and feasible approach of utilizing inexpensive bioresources for production of value added products like CNCs, which could find potential application in the fields of healthcare, biomedical engineering, packaging, etc.

Morphological, molecular, and biochemical characterization of astaxanthin-producing green microalga Haematococcus sp. KORDI03 (Haematococcaceae, Chlorophyta) isolated from Korea.

A unicellular red microalga was isolated from environmental freshwater in Korea, and its morphological, molecular, and biochemical properties were characterized. Morphological analysis revealed that the isolate was a unicellular biflagellated green microalga that formed a non-motile, thick-walled palmelloid or red aplanospore. To determine the taxonomical position of the isolate, its 18S rRNA and rbcL genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. We found that the isolate was clustered together with other related Haematococcus strains showing differences in the rbcL gene. Therefore, the isolated microalga was classified into the genus Haematococcus, and finally designated Haematococcus sp. KORDI03. The microalga could be cultivated in various culture media under a broad range of pH and temperature conditions. Compositions of the microalgal cellular components were analyzed, and its protein, carbohydrate, and lipid compositions were estimated to be 21.1 ± 0.2%, 48.8 ± 1.8%, and 22.2 ± 0.9%, respectively. In addition, D-glucose and D-mannose were the dominant monosaccharides in the isolate, and its amino acids were composed mainly of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine. Moreover, several polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for about 80% of the total fatty acids in Haematococcus sp. KORDI03, and the astaxanthin content in the red aplanospores was estimated to be 1.8% of the dry cell weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an Haematococcus sp. isolated from Korea, which may be used for bioresource production in the microalgal industry.

Are the Himalayan glaciers retreating

The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE for about 2400 km holds one of the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions in its high-altitude regions. Perennial snow and ice-melt from these frozen reservoirs is used in catchments and alluvial plains of the three major Himalayan river systems, i.e. the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra for irrigation, hydropower generation, production of bio-resources and fulfilling the domestic water demand. Also, variations in the extent of these glaciers are understood to be a sensitive indicator of climatic variations of the earth system and might have implications on the availability of water resources in the river systems. Therefore, mapping and monitoring of these freshwater resources is required for the planning of water resources and understanding the impact of climatic variations. Thus a study has been carried out to find the change in the extent of Himalayan glaciers during the last decade using IRS LISS III images of 2000/01/02 and 2010/11. Two thousand and eighteen glaciers representing climatically diverse terrains in the Himalaya were mapped and monitored. It includes glaciers of Karakoram, Himachal, Zanskar, Uttarakhand, Nepal and Sikkim regions. Among these, 1752 glaciers (86.8%) were observed having stable fronts (no change in the snout position and area of ablation zone), 248 (12.3%) exhibited retreat and 18 (0.9%) of them exhibited advancement of snout. The net loss in 10,250.68 sq. km area of the 2018 glaciers put together was found to be 20.94 sq. km or 0.2% (±2.5% of 20.94 sq. km).

Kenaf as a Bioresource for Production of Hydrogen-rich Gas

The two-step gasification of biomass via carbonization-step followed by steam gasification, which produces hydrogen-rich water gas without any by products, was achieved using a small laboratory system. Carbonization of kenaf from 600 to 1000°C produced suitable chars for further steam gasification, which generated clean hydrogenrich gases without any byproducts. On the other hand, carbonization of kenaf at 400°C yielded an insufficient char that still contained raw chemical components, and generated hydrocarbons and tar-like materials during gasification. Importantly, the wood gas generated during carbonization had a sufficient Higher Heating Value (HHV) to serve as the heating source for the gasification. A lower gasification temperature induced the water-gas shift reaction, which led to a change the hydrogen content in the water gas composition. Raising the gasification temperature increased the specific HHV and decreased the gas yield. In addition, at these gasification temperatures, the H2 concentration in the water gases was greater than 58%, and the H2/CO ratio ranged from 1.8 to 3.0. On the other hand, increasing the steam supply rate decreased the specific HHV and CO yield and increased the H2 and CO2 yields. Therefore, the water-gas shift reaction played an important role under these conditions. On the basis of all of the above results, it was concluded that the water-gas reaction, C + H2O → CO + H2, leads to effective gasification of the kenaf char.

Effects of Fluid Secreted from the Uterus on Duration of Fertile Egg Production in Hens, and Survivability and Penetrability of Fowl Sperm &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;

1 Science of Bioresource Production, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 4 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan 5 Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan

Indigenous algae for local bioresource production: Phycoprospecting

Photosynthetic algae represent a large and diverse group of organisms that have only a limited history of characterization and exploitation. The application of resource production from algae is relatively untapped, with the potential to produce fuels, food, fibers and nutraceuticals on a large scale. Methods to screen for indigenous species of algae have improved and can allow communities to prospect for algae suited to regional needs. When cultured locally, indigenous algae are adapted to the prevailing regional abiotic and biotic factors. Native algae commonly inhabit local waste resources and pose no risk of becoming noxious invasives. Methods for culturing algae can utilize anthropogenic waste resources including wastewater nutrients and CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion. While genetic engineering may have a role in helping future algae production succeed, the majority of algae species have yet to be identified or characterized and the genetic diversity of these unknown species may offer significant but currently unknown benefits for bioresource production. Recalcitrant problems of culture stability, biomass density, harvesting, and product refining may be overcome by exploring native biological material. Selecting indigenous algae with intrinsic characteristics amenable to bioresource production and waste mitigation – phycoprospecting – is the most sustainable path forward for widespread algae-based bioresource development. Our recent efforts in phycoprospecting of local habitats revealed a diversity of algae with significant lipid content.

Current Status and Problems in the Application of Deep Seawater from the View Point of Marine Bioresource Production

Current Status and Problems in the Application of Deep Seawater from the View Point of Marine Bioresource Production

Modeling the production and uses of biological resources from the viewpoint of energy flow in a rural village in Sichuan, China.

This study aimed at clarifying the impact of deforestation and afforestation on the quality of life in a village in Sichuan Province, China. We devised a conceptual model of bioresource production and use based on quantified energy flow. The basic structure of the model has three sectors: production, use, and externals. We developed comprehensive methodology to quantify the model. Bioresource use per person in 1997 was 3.7 GJ for food, 10.2 GJ for fodder, 0.2-0.4 GJ for building material, 12.8 GJ for fuel, and 1.8 GJ for fertilizer, totaling 28.6-28.8 GJ. We used four environmental indicators to evaluate bioresource production and use: a biological productivity indicator, a use-efficiency indicator, a supply-demand balance indicator, and a self-sufficiency indicator. Use of these indicators showed that supply-demand balance of fuel was dramatically improved from 30% to 85% by afforestation, but 99% of bioresource use still depends on domestic products. Thus, it is necessary to improve biological productivity and promote the efficient use of bioresources to achieve sustainable living in the area. Massive deforestation in the 1950s caused a direct shortage of building material and fuel wood. The shortage of wood led to a stagnation in the rebuilding of houses, and fuel wood was substituted with crop residues. Because crop residues had been used for fertilizer and fodder, their use as fuel caused a shortage of fertilizer and fodder. This was an indirect impact of deforestation on people's quality of life.

Facilitating wise bioresource development and use – the role of commercial enterprises

In any large-scale bioresource development and utilisation scenario, particularly in developing countries, commercial enterprises will necessarily occupy a key place. This is not to deny the importance of initiatives at community level and by NGOs. However, many such successful initiatives have been heavily dependent on highly motivated and dedicated individuals and, expectedly, several projects have faltered once such individuals have left the scene. Widespread dissemination and duplication of such success stories, therefore, has not been found to be easy in the past. Commercial enterprises can possibly act as key catalysts and provide the continuity in promoting widespread bioresource development and utilisation because of the profit motive. While bioresources would seem to have a number of attractive features, particularly in the context of human concerns about exhaustible resources, pollution and environmental impacts, climatological issues as well as issues of local self-sufficiency and empowerment, commercialisation is likely to present formidable challenges. Interested enterprises will therefore need to employ all the skills at their command and will additionally need substantial support through appropriate policies and financial arrangements, at least in the initial stages. Such enterprises may also benefit from close association and involvement of NGOs in the first few projects. In promoting large-scale development of bioresources, commercial enterprises will obviously have multiple roles to play, including the following: developers and providers of requisite technology and hardware; promoters of large-scale bioresource use; motivators of large-scale bioresource production; and providers of requisite support services to ensure long-term success of technology and devices. Each one of these roles is likely to require a very careful balancing to ensure that associated social, ecological and climatological aspects are integrated into simple business imperatives. This paper also discusses the differences between various kinds of commercial enterprise, with particular emphasis on the critical role of small-scale enterprises in the initial stages and the threats faced by them subsequently. In this context, the basic policies and thrusts of international funding agencies (including non-profit foundations) are also seen to require careful reconsideration.