Production Layout Research Articles

Combined Bio-Hydrogen, Heat, and Power Production Based on Residual Biomass Gasification: Energy, Exergy, and Renewability Assessment of an Alternative Process Configuration

Bio-hydrogen from residual biomass may involve energy-intensive pre-treatments for drying and size management, as in the case of wet agro-industrial residues. This work assesses the performance of an alternative process layout for bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel gasification, with the aim of cogenerating heat and power along with hydrogen, using minimal external energy sources. The process consists of an air-steam fluidized bed reactor, a hydrogen separation unit, a hydrogen compression unit, and a combined heat and power unit fed by the off-gas of the separation unit. Process simulations were carried out to perform sensitivity analyses to understand the variation in bio-hydrogen production’s thermodynamic and environmental performance when the steam to biomass ratios (S/B) vary from 0 to 1.25 at 850 °C. In addition, energy and exergy efficiencies and the integrated renewability (IR) of bio-hydrogen production are evaluated. As main results, the analysis showed that the highest hydrogen yield is 40.1 kgH2 per mass of dry biomass at S/B = 1.25. Under these conditions, the exergy efficiency of the polygeneration system is 33%, the IR is 0.99, and the carbon footprint is −1.9 kgCO2-eq/kgH2. Negative carbon emissions and high values of the IR are observed due to the substitution of non-renewable resources operated by the cogenerated streams. The proposed system demonstrated for the first time the potential of bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel and the effects of steam flow variation on thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated how bio-hydrogen could be produced with minimal external energy input while cogenerating net heat and power by exploiting the off-gas in a cogeneration unit.

Assessment and Prediction of Grain Production Considering Climate Change and Air Pollution in China

This study examines the spatial and temporal impacts of climate change on grain production in China. This is achieved by establishing a spatial error model consisting of four indicators: the climate, air pollution, economic behavior, and agricultural technology, covering 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020. These indicators are used to validate the spatial impacts of climate change on grain production. Air pollution data are used as instrumental variables to address the causality between climate and grain production. The regression results show that: First, climatic variables all have a non-linear “increasing then decreasing” effect on food production. Second, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 have a negative impact on grain production. Based on the model, changes in the climatic production potential of grain crops can be calculated, and the future spatial layout of climate production can also be predicted by using random forests. Studies have shown that the median value of China’s grain production potential is decreasing, and the low value is increasing.

Development Of Processed Food Production Units For The Dasawisma Mawar Group, Kebobang Village, Wonosari District, Malang Regency

The Dasawisma Mawar group is one of the Dasawisma groups in KebobangVillage, Wonosari District, Malang Regency that has 40 active members engaged in the food business. The business development of this group needs to be improved to build a strong company that can compete in the global market. The aims of the community service activities were to increase the mastery of technology by entrepreneurs, send the knowledge to apply the production processes that meet standards and improve the production process in one industry, namely the vacuum-fried chips industry. The service activities were carried out include: The practice of vacuum frying; Course on vacuum frying machines, good manufacturing processes, and packaging to provide insight for future developments; Improvement in production processes by applying suitable spinner, adding plastic sealers to speed up the packaging process, and procuring work clothes. Other outputs produced are the design of a chip production unit according to the GMP standard and the production layout design to improve production capacity.

Smart Home Product Layout Design Method Based on Real-Number Coding Genetic Algorithm.

Aiming at the problems of poor layout design efficiency of smart home products and low rationality of layout planning, a layout design method for smart home products based on a real-number coding genetic algorithm is proposed. The principles of smart home product layout design are analyzed and the smart home system architecture based on the Internet of Things is designed. Divide the combination of smart home product layout space according to spatial function, extract the visual features of smart home product layout, build a smart home product layout optimization model based on the two constraints of the total area and individual area of smart home product spatial layout, and design a real-coded genetic algorithm. The model is solved to improve the global convergence of the algorithm, and the optimization method for the layout of smart home products is obtained. The experimental results show that the layout design method of smart home products based on a real-number coding genetic algorithm can accurately extract the layout features of smart home products and accurately classify the number of pairs of homes. The efficiency of layout design and rationality of layout planning of smart home products are better, which reflects the effectiveness of this method.

A flexible smart manufacturing system in mass personalization manufacturing model based on multi-module-platform, multi-virtual-unit, and multi-production-line

Since the 21st century, with the gradual improvement of customers' living standards and autonomy, customers are increasingly pursuing personalized products. In order to adapt to this environment, enterprises implement mass personalization manufacturing model. This new manufacturing model needs a complex production system to support, which should adaptive flexible configuration according to the dynamic needs of customers. This configurable and rapid adjustment production system is a flexible smart manufacturing system. This paper studies the flexible layout and optimization of resources for flexible smart manufacturing system in mass personalization manufacturing model, and solves the flexible production preparation problem of sales order based on customer personalization. The main research contents include: flexible layout of production platform, flexible layout of virtual unit, flexible layout and optimization of production line and equipment. As the result of this research, the utilization rate of production layout space and equipment can be improved and the total production cost can be saved. At the same time, the system framework, model algorithm, method and theory studied in this paper have reference value for the research of flexible smart manufacturing system in a new manufacturing model facing mass personalization under the current adaptable industrial trend.

Spatial Distribution and Driving Forces of the Vegetable Industry in China

Based on the ArcGIS geostatistical analysis method, this study offers a visualization of the spatial distribution pattern and spatial trend of vegetable production in China. The research also examines the degree of spatial agglomeration patterns of vegetable production by using the standard deviation ellipse technique and exploratory spatial data analysis method. In addition, we employ the spatial regression model partial differential method to explore the driving factors leading to the changing layout of vegetable production. The findings unveil that vegetable production in China exhibit strong spatial non-equilibrium characteristics, with “high-high” and “low-low” types as the main agglomeration patterns. Furthermore, the location distribution shows a northeast–southwest orientation with the center of gravity of distribution gradually directed toward the southwest. Regarding driving factors, the results show that the effective irrigated area of natural factors had a facilitating effect on the layout of vegetable production, while the affected area had an inhibiting effect on it. Climate indicators such as temperature, precipitation and light show different degrees of influence on the layout of vegetable production. The level of urbanization and transportation conditions have a negative impact on the layout of production in the region. Market demand has a positive spillover effect on the layout of local vegetable production, while it has a negative spillover effect on other regions. Technological progress shows positive spillover effects on the layout of vegetable production in the region and other regions. Financial support policy also shows positive effects from an overall perspective.

Analysis of the Characteristics of CH4 Emissions in China’s Coal Mining Industry and Research on Emission Reduction Measures

CH4 is the second-largest greenhouse gas and has a significant impact on global warming. China has the largest amount of anthropogenic coal mine methane (CMM) emissions in the world, with coal mining emissions (or gas emissions) accounting for 90% of total energy industry emissions. The results of CH4 emission inventories from previous studies vary widely, with differences in the spatial and temporal dimensions of gas emission factors of belowground mining being the main points of disagreement. Affected by the policies of “eliminating backward production capacity” and “transferring energy base to the northwest”, China’s coal production layout has changed greatly in the past ten years, but the closely related CH4 emission factors have not been dynamically adjusted. This paper investigated 23 major coal producing provinces in China, obtained CH4 emission data from coal mining, calculated CH4 emission factors in line with current production conditions, and studied the reduction measures of coal mine gas emission. According to the CH4 emission data of China’s coal mines in 2018, 15.8 Tg of methane is released per year in the coal mining industry in China, and 11.8 Tg after deducting recycling. Shanxi Province’s CH4 emissions are much higher than those of other provinces, accounting for 35.5% of the country’s total emissions. The weighted CH4 emission factor of coal mining in China is 6.77 m3/t, of which Chongqing is the highest at approximately 60.9 m3/t. Compared with the predicted value of the IPCC, the growth trend of CCM has slowed significantly, and the CH4 utilization rate has gradually increased. This change may be aided by China’s coal industry’s policy to resolve excess capacity by closing many high-gas and gas outburst coal mines. In addition, the improvement of coal mine gas extraction and utilization technology has also produced a relatively significant effect. This paper determines the distribution of methane emissions and emission sources in China’s coal mining industry, which is useful in formulating CCM emission reduction targets and adopting more efficient measures.

PEMBERDAYAAN IRT PRODUSEN TAHU DI SUDAGARAN, KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face quite complex problems in business development. One of the small businesses engaged in by the Sudagaran community in Yogyakarta is the production of tofu. Entrepreneurs know problems in the fields of production, environment, capital, and also marketing. The Service Team from the Department of Business Administration, FISIP UPN Veterans Yogyakarta collaborated with the Yogyakarta City Baznas and the Yogyakarta City Government to assist and assist SMEs. Empowerment programs that have been carried out have started from the implementation of production layouts, small business financial management, simple financial records, product innovation. packaging, and online-based marketing. Small entrepreneurs feel helped by the service program so that during the Covid-19 pandemic they have alternatives in product marketing.

POSITIVE USER-DESIGN INTERACTION THROUGH IMPROVING USABILITY, TEACHABILITY AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF GREEN BUILDING PRODUCT DESIGN

ABSTRACT Green building product designs, which interact directly and extensively with building users through active operation (e.g., operating of a solar shade, windows, light switch) and/or aesthetic or creative features of the designs (e.g., decorations showing sustainability concepts), represent a critical link between users and buildings. Yet, the user-design interaction has received little attention in the green building design practices as shown from existing green building rating systems, which rely largely on scores obtained from simulation models without incorporating the human factor, leading to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we identify three factors which are important in the user-design interaction: 1) “usability” for measuring the utilitarian purposes fulfilled by product design for a green building; 2) “teachability” for evaluating the effectiveness of using a green building product design as a teaching medium; and 3) spatial configuration for assessing the spatial layout of products designed for promoting usability and teachability. Selection, weighting, and measurement of indicators for each aspect are developed through literature review, Delphi survey and analytic hierarchy process. A software tool is developed for data entry, processing, and visualization which can be adopted by the design community following two hypothetical case studies.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА ВНУТРИ ГЕРМЕТИЧНОГО КОРПУСА БИНС В МУЛЬТИФИЗИЧНОЙ ПОСТАНОВКЕ В ANSYS CFX И SYSTEM COUPLING

The article presents a numerical simulation of non-stationary convective-conductive heattransfer of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), developed in the JSC «CNIIAG».The numerical simulation is carried out in the ANSYS Mechanical. The aim of the study is a comprehensiveanalysis of heat exchange processes, which are characteristic to the device operation,including mutual spatial influence of thermal powers on each other, as well as on the block ofsensitive elements. The simulation of heat transfer inside the hermetic case of the SINS is carried out for critical operating conditions in a strongly and weakly coupled consideration with a comparisonof both approaches. ANSYS Mechanical, CFX and System Coupling simulation modulesare chosen for program implementation of each approach. The k-e model of air turbulence withimplicit consideration of the effect in the boundary layers and diffusion correction in shear flows ischosen for this approach. External heat exchange with ambient air is considered by setting convectiveboundary conditions on the external surfaces of the SINS, considering their orientation.To obtain numerical values of the heat transfer coefficients, the orientation of each surface inspace is taken into account by using the appropriate coefficient. The presence of irregularities onthe surfaces of the SINS in the contacts between solid components is considered by using the calculationof thermal resistances of the actual contact and intercontact layer. The simulation resultsof deformed state of SINS structural system, resulting from the action of a non-symmetric thermalfield, is presented. The analysis of the obtained graphs is carried out. Stiffness indicators of theSINS structural system is defined as angles of deviation of sensitivity axes caused by thermal deformations.The obtained results make it possible to evaluate the engineering solutions for thequality of heat removal from the elements of the PCBs, bypassing the sensitive elements of thedevice, adopted at the stage of product layout.

Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset

Understanding the spatio-temporal variations in the frost-free period (FFP) and the number of frost days (FD) is beneficial to reduce the harmful effects of climate change on agricultural production and enhancing agricultural adaptation. However, the spatio-temporal variations in FFP and FD and their response to climate change remain unclear across China. To investigate the impact of climate change on FFP and FD, the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China from 1950 to 2020 were quantified using ERA5-Land, a reanalysis dataset with high spatial and temporal resolution. The results showed that ERA5-Land has good applicability in quantifying the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China under climate change. The spatial distribution of multi-year average FFP and FD across China showed significant latitudinal zonality and altitude dependence, i.e., FFP decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, while FD increased with increasing latitude and altitude. As a result of climate warming across China, the FFP showed an increasing trend with an increase rate of 1.25 d/10a and the maximum increasing rate of FFP in the individual region was 6.2 d/10a, while the FD showed a decreasing trend with a decrease rate of 1.41 d/10a and the maximum decreasing rate of FD in the individual region was −6.7 d/10a. Among the five major climate zones in China, the subtropical monsoon climate zone (SUMZ) with the greatest increasing rate of 1.73 d/10a in FFP, while the temperate monsoon climate zone (TEMZ) with the greatest decreasing rate of −1.72 d/10a in FD. In addition, the coefficient of variation (Cv) of FFP showed greater variability at higher altitudes, while the Cv of FD showed greater variability at lower latitudes in southern China. Without considering the adaptation to temperature of crops, a general increase in FFP and a general decrease in FD were both beneficial to agricultural production in terms of FFP and FD promoting a longer growing period and reducing frost damage on crops. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the trends and variations in FFP and FD under climate change, which is of great scientific significance for the adjustment of the agricultural production layout to adapt to climate change in China.

Soybean Production and Spatial Agglomeration in China from 1949 to 2019

By mastering the spatial-temporal evolution of patterns of soybean production, a reference for optimizing a soybean production layout could be provided, ensuring food security. The variation coefficient method, and the comparative advantage and spatial autocorrelation models were used to analyze the spatial divergence regularities of soybean production, sown area and yield, spatial-temporal changes in the comparative advantages of soybean planting efficiency and soybean planting scale, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics in China from 1949 to 2019. The results indicate that (1) from 1949 to 2019, soybean production and yield changes in China remained constant with a fluctuating upwards trend, and soybean sown areas hardly changed, yet experienced a sharp fluctuation. (2) The Northeast China Plain (NECP) was the main soybean-producing area, and its main position was strengthened. In contrast, the main soybean production position of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) has declined. The Northern arid and semiarid region (NASR), the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas (SBSR), the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP), and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) became new soybean production growth poles. (3) The spatial distribution of soybean planting efficiency-related comparative advantages in China extended from northern China to the whole country, and the soybean planting scale-related comparative advantages proceeded through three stages: steady expansion, relative stability, contraction, and stabilization. (4) The spatial agglomeration of soybean planting efficiency-related comparative advantages has weakened, and the spatial agglomeration of the soybean planting scale-related comparative advantages exhibited a strengthening-weakening-strengthening-weakening process. Through our research analysis, we propose a policy resource to fully utilize the soybean planting efficiency-related comparative advantages in southern China (SC), promote grain-soybean rotation patterns in the HHHP and NECP, improve the soybean cultivation subsidy system, and build a soybean industry chain in the NECP.

A spatial directivity-based sensitivity analysis to farmland quality evaluation in arid areas.

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important means for evaluating resources and environment, and sensitivity analysis can enhance understand the robustness of evaluation results. Spatial visualization has been used in sensitivity analysis of MCDM, but the sensitivity results are still generally summarized by presenting traditional statistical measurements that omit the spatial information. To address this issue, this paper proposed a novel spatially measurement approach of sensitivity analysis by introducing the spatial barycenter model (SBM), which overcame the limitations of existing statistical methods and provided the spatial directivity of uncertainty for the MCDM results. According to our proposed method and its application in farmland quality evaluation (FQE) in an arid area of China, the mean of the absolute average change rate (MACR) and the SBM were applied to test the sensitivity of farmland quality to different evaluation factors from both numerical and spatial perspectives. From the numerical perspective, the soil organic matter and irrigation capacity were the most sensitive factors determined by the MACR. From the spatial perspective, the ≥10 °C accumulated temperature (AT) and precipitation were the most sensitive factors measured by the SBM. Based on the SBM, the spatial configuration of farmland quality index was most sensitive to increase of AT in a northwesterly direction. Calculating the SBM is computationally inexpensive and provides a straightforward indication of spatial direction for the changes of FQE results with changes of parameters. This means it can provide improved understandings and new insights into the comprehensive measurement of sensitivity analysis and agricultural production layout.

Dynamics and Determinants of the Grain Yield Gap in Major Grain-Producing Areas: A Case Study in Hunan Province, China.

Understanding the dynamics of the grain yield gap (YGAP) and its causative factors is essential for optimizing the layout of grain production and addressing the food crisis, especially in countries with a huge population and less cultivated land, such as China. In the study, a spatial analysis- and machine learning-based framework for YGAP analysis was developed, taking Hunan Province, China, as an application. The results showed that the average YGAP in Hunan Province gradually narrowed from 1990 to 2018, and the YGAPs narrowed in 116 counties. Of which, 26 counties narrowed by more than 4 t ha−1, 58 counties narrowed from 2–4 t ha−1, and 32 counties narrowed within 2 t ha−1. Additionally, we found that the GDP per capita (GDPPC), sunshine hours (SH), per capita annual net income of farmers (PCAI), and rural electricity consumption (REC) play a key role in YGAP change, and the importance of human investment to the YGAP decreased, while socioeconomic environment became the dominant factor that influenced grain production. Comprehensively, the relatively great potential for grain yield growth was generated in sixty-four counties, which are mainly located in the northern, central, and southern Hunan. The findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the trends of economic development in rural areas and population migration in agricultural management. This work provides insights into yield gap dynamics and may contribute to sustainable agricultural management in Hunan Province, China, and other similar regions.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency from the Perspective of Water Footprints in Heilongjiang Province

Water footprints can reflect the sources and utilities of water resources. Introducing the water footprint theory to evaluate irrigation water use efficiency can reflect agricultural water consumption more scientifically and accurately. This study analyzes the variation trends of the blue, green and gray water footprints of grains in different regions of Heilongjiang Province and selects the grain-sowing area, total agricultural machinery power, grain blue water footprint and green water footprints and absolute fertilizer amount as input indexes and the agricultural gross product and gray water footprint of grain as output indexes. A slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model is used to estimate the irrigation water use efficiencies of 11 cities in Heilongjiang Province, analyze the corresponding spatiotemporal distribution and further decompose and calculate the irrigation water use efficiencies of the five economically underdeveloped second-level cities. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of the grain water footprint in Heilongjiang Province reflects coexisting areas of excess and scarcity. The irrigation water use efficiency showed a steady and slow downward trend from 2008 to 2018. The irrigation water use efficiency reflected significant spatial differences in Heilongjiang Province, with a pattern of high values in the southwest and low values in the northeast; these differences have gradually narrowed. The average irrigation water use efficiency in Heilongjiang Province was 0.821 and the irrigation water efficiencies of Harbin, Qiqihar and Jixi were at the forefront of the province. Jiamusi, Hegang, Shuangyashan, Yichun, and Mudanjiang are the five cities with below-provincial-average irrigation water use efficiencies. The irrigation water use efficiency of Heilongjiang Province mainly depends on the pure technical efficiency. In the future, technical inputs should be improved on the basis of optimizing the agricultural production layout, focusing on improving the pure technical efficiency. The research results obtained herein can provide a theoretical basis for agricultural water management in Heilongjiang Province.

Meta-Heuristic Model for Optimization of Production Layouts Based on Occupational Risk Assessment: Application to the Portuguese Wine Sector

A factory layout is a decisive factor in the improvement of production levels, efficiency, and even in the sustainability of a company. Regardless of the type of layout to be implemented, they are typically designed to optimize the work conditions and provide high performance, reducing production losses. The wine sector encompasses a wide diversity of possible configurations of production layouts, from one-level designs with separate infrastructures in several buildings or centralized single facilities, or even subdivided into different levels or floors. The general purpose is to maximize energy efficiency and process performance while minimizing costs. Thus, an optimization model based on the organization of productive layouts is proposed, using a methodology based on a genetic algorithm. The obtained results reveal that the optimization model for winery layouts was successfully applied, providing feasible solutions to improve the production processes’ efficiency combined with the minimization of general and ergonomic risks.

Wind potential investigation with turbine siting control for improved energy yield at El-Tor Region, Egypt

The paper presents a detailed study of wind farm sizing/siting at Egypt, EL-Tor Sinai Peninsula. The study is driven by the ongoing Egyptian clean energy policy to utilize wind energy a viable source of renewable electricity within the national new planned energy-mix generation. The wind ample coastal/desert resources in Egypt stimulated the Government of Egypt to initiate the wind expansion program policy in October 2014 using wind and solar/PV renewable sources through the Feed-In Tariff incentive program to be one of the African and Middle Eastern pioneer countries reaching 20% of renewable energy (RE)-based electricity generation by 2022 and reducing the fossil fuel dependency. After presenting the techno-economic investigations of large wind farms in El-Tor area located in Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, the state of the art of defining the near-optimal wind micro-siting of best controlled wind turbines and the relevant technical selection criteria are introduced. The topographical data and wind characteristics in El-Tor area are fully analyzed. Using the WindPROTM software, the wind site optimal selection of controlled wind turbines and layout for maximum energy production are discussed considering the governing risk uncertainties; then finalized in terms of cost-benefit feasibility study during the wind farm life span for the national grid integration. Considering the soft and commercial loan factors, the economic viability of the wind farm implementation with its controlled turbine locations/spacing in El-Tor area is studied in comparison with the conventional power plants neglecting the certified emission reductions benefit. The methodology of this paper illustrates a systematic guided way for the selection and sizing of large wind farms as either standalone with storage battery systems or gas turbine back up or direct interfacing with the electric utility at high penetration levels of 15-20%.

Training on the maximization of product quality and layout at Cuanki Kang Raffie Bandung

Cuanki is a kind of soup, often referred to as Bandung meatballs. Because this business can be done at home, the community service program is carried out, aiming to increase its sales turnover by maximizing the layout and good quality of Cuanki Kang Raffie in Bandung City. This community service program takes the form of training and mentoring for business actors to see the operational management scientific briefing results at the beginning of the activity. This program is one of the efforts to improve the capabilities and skills of small businesses to increase their business and lead to an increase in total income. Problems that business actors often face include not emphasizing good layout and paying attention to maximum quality so that the impact on not seeing an inappropriate layout and less than optimal product quality. It also affects operational planning in the next period. Moreover, what is done in this service is in the form of providing knowledge and improvements in terms of layout or layout. This dedication makes the work process faster, and there are not many obstacles or interruptions so that the quality of the product is better maintained. The object of this community service is Cuanki Kang Raffie, whose address is Jl. Pasir Layung Bandung.

PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK PASAR INDUK TRADISIONAL DI SANGATTA DENGAN METODE MARKET BASKET ANALYSIS (MBA)

ABSTRACTThe customer is one of the goals of the market. One of the factors that influence consumer satisfaction is the arrangement of products/products. An attractive display becomes the face of the market itself. The Traditional Main Market in Sangatta is a market that is satisfied with consumers. So far, the product arrangement of the Traditional Main Market in Sangatta has only been based on the intuition of the market management, while the wide market area causes consumers to feel tired when shopping.The Market Basket Analysis method aims to determine what products are usually purchased by consumers at the same time. In addition, the application of this method can provide convenience for consumers in shopping, because goods that are usually purchased simultaneously are nearby. In addition, it can improve efficiency in conducting promotions. Products purchased should not be produced simultaneously, promoting one product can increase sales of other products that are usually purchased simultaneouslyThis study uses the Market Basket Analysis (MBA) method. Product information that dominates sales can be used as a reference to determine consumer habits in making purchases. The habit in question is any product that consumers buy at the same time. The use of Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is expected to cause impulse buying/purchases that were not planned. In addition to using Market Basket Analysis (MBA), Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) is also used as a tool to get layout results that are by consumer habits in shopping and with government regulations. Keywords : Product layout, Market basket analysis, Activity relationship chart.

Production Scheduling of Personalized Fashion Goods in a Mass Customization Environment

The COVID-19 pandemic has put fashion manufacturers’ needs for optimization in the spotlight. This study argues that mass customization is becoming increasingly instrumental for offering consumers individualized solutions and that suppliers of fashion have to look for more sophisticated solutions in order to face the increasing demand for more sustainable products. With the deduction of a mathematical model derived from production sequencing it became evident that sustainability can be associated with a level production schedule and that cost-based production optimization is useful in achieving holistic sustainability in the fashion industry. The flexibility in the conceived mathematical model specifications allows for a generalizable approach, not limited to a single branch of the fashion industry. This paper additionally delivers a cost-based optimization approach which fashion companies, operating in a mass customization production layout, can easily implement without extensive know-how. The proposed two-stage algorithm is based on the concept of level scheduling. In a first stage, the algorithm determines a feasible production sequence in a time-efficient way while, in the second stage, it further advances the efficiency of the solution. Thus, it offers a framework to optimize a production in a mass customization environment and can contribute to a company taking major steps towards a holistic sustainable orientation as available resources are used more (cost) efficiently.