Production In Serbia Research Articles

Significance and development preconditions of commodity exchange trade with agricultural products in Serbia

The aim of this paper is to determine the importance and necessary prerequisites for the development of futures trading with agricultural products in Serbia. Developed futures market allows participants in the agribusiness sector secure trade and provides an important instrument in the management of business risk. Price fluctuations of agricultural products have been particularly pronounced in recent decades, which has led to the rapid development of futures trading with agricultural products. According to the results in this paper, despite the existence of the legal basis for the establishment of this market, it did not occur primarily due to deficiencies in the legal frame. The establishment of the above markets is of great importance for agrosektor in Serbia primarily due to the need for risk management changes in the prices of agricultural products in the future. In order to establish a futures trading with agricultural products, it is necessary to establish an appropriate legal framework, as well as to improve the overall business environment, which is important for this market.

Economic effectiveness of investments in fruit tree nurseries

In order to develop and improve fruit production in Serbia it is necessary to invest in establishment of nurseries for production of quality fruit seedlings. Therefore the goal of this paper is to analyze economic efficiency of investments in fruit nurseries. Discounting methods of investment evaluation (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback period) are used to determine profitability of investments in expected circumstances while sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis methods were used to evaluate investments in risky circumstances. It is determined that investments in fruit nurseries are economically efficient even in risky circumstances. Type of nurseries which provide more balanced cash flows is more economically efficient and less risky.

Analysis of amount and structure of investments into the sheep and goat farms in the European Union and the Republic of Serbia

Sheep and goat production is different from other types of livestock production (cattle, pig, poultry production) because it is most commonly extensive, which means that it demands a relatively low level of investments into buildings, equipment and other fixed assets. This paper aims to analyse characteristics of investments into the sheep and goat production in the European Union and compare them to the similar investments in the Republic of Serbia. In order to analyse the state in the EU, data from the appropriate FADN data base were used, as well as the sector analyses conducted for the area of the EU. On the other hand, in order to analyse necessary investments into sheep and goat production in Serbia, available technical and technological data and appropriate literary sources were used. Analysis of construction costs for buildings used in sheep and goat production was done, as well as the calculation of investments into appropriate necessary equipment. It has been noticed that there is a need for enlargement of the sheep and goat farms in Serbia in order to provide a proper living standard for holders of such enterprises.

Risk management of agricultural floods

Agricultural production in Serbia accounts for the largest part of the gross domestic product and can be an economic backbone and the main driver of the domestic food industry and exports, primarily because of its potential such as arable land and a long tradition of agricultural production in these regions. However, numerous risks threaten its stability. The focus of our research is agricultural flooding. The set-up aim of the research is an examination of the causes and consequences of agricultural felds in order to holistically research the current problem. In order to achieve the target, in the paper we will analyze the realization of floods in Serbia, followed by subjective and objective factors of the realization of floods, or the realization of floods caused by human or natural forces and then we will point out the economic consequences of the execution of agricultural floods as well as the application of preventive measures and measures of fnancing the resulting economic consequences.

Economic and environmental effects of collection and primary recycling of packaging waste from hygiene and cleaning products in Serbia

Economic and environmental effects of collection and primary recycling of packaging waste from hygiene and cleaning products in Serbia

Energy consumption and equivalent emission of CO2 at wood pellets production in Serbia

The paper is analyzing wood pellets production from forest to end user, respectively, from breeding, protection, management, maintenance, and regeneration of forests to gate of end user in case of Serbia. Analysis includes all kind of input materials, energies, and equivalent emissions of CO2 in wood pellets production. The results obtained are: specific energy consumption (heat and electricity) was 2,419 kWh/tpellet, equivalent emission of CO2 was 293 kgCO2/tpellet and the relationship between the net calorific value of wood pellets and the total input energy for their production and transport (EROI) was 1.9. The results were compared with those in world factories and based on that certain conclusions and recommendations are given. Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 43007: Studying climate change and its influence on the environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation]

The analysis of indiference and the price elasticity of demand between different categories of agricultural products

In this paper, the analysis of the price elasticity of demand of four different categories of agricultural products in the Republic of Serbia was described. Differentiating the price and demand of these products by sales points, and using the least squares approximation method, the elasticity for all different agricultural categories was expressed in the functional form. According to this, the coeffcients of elasticity of the price and demand were computed and between different agricultural categories were analyzed. The results we obtained show that the market of agricultural products in Serbia is mostly inelastic because the coeffcients of inelasticity and indifference of demand to change of prices, are dominant. The influence of factors on the elasticity of demand that are not of price character, proved to be very pronounced. The relationship of the two segments of agricultural market (markets and shops) was also analysed and it was demonstrated that these two segments have a slight correlation.

Production and export of raspberry from the Republic of Serbia

Raspberry is the most important and the most profitable export commodity in the structure of agricultural exports. It is exported at an average price of 2.7 USD/ kg, mainly frozen and mostly to the markets of Germany, France and Belgium. Therefore, this paper, in addition to data on raspberry production in Serbia and world raspberry production, also presents the volume and value of frozen raspberry exports from the Republic of Serbia in the period 2010-2015, the dynamics of frozen raspberry exports from Serbia to leading export markets as well as to the frozen raspberry markets of Serbia's main competitors.

Agricultural entrepreneurship, environmental protection and insurance

Agricultural entrepreneurship is the basis of creativity, innovation, proftability and risk management of agricultural producers. Although the agricultural entrepreneurship is often ignored in Serbia, in the paper we emphasize its importance due to the fact that the contribution of agriculture still has the largest share in gross domestic product. Current 2016 was declared as the year of entrepreneurship in Serbia, which further stressed the importance of studying this problem. As the aim of the research we have determined the need for the study of agricultural entrepreneurship in the context of vulnerability to risks from the environment. In this regard, in the paper we frst point to agricultural entrepreneurship and the importance of agriculture production in Serbia and then we point out to the environmental protection, as a form of preventive action for risk reduction, insurance, as a form of fnancing of insurance claims, and the characteristics of agriculture insurance in Serbia. The main conclusion is that environmental protection and agricultural insurance are complementary mechanisms of risk protection that provide signifcant support to agricultural entrepreneurship and the development of agricultural production.

A comparative analysis of market price of selected products between the Visegrad group countries and Serbia

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the prices of selected food products within the Višegrad group and Serbia. The aim was to analyze the prices of basic food products in V4 countries based on the available data, so that they could be compared with the prices of identical products in Serbia. The main aim was to find out the reasons and causes of dynamics of price trends, as well as to identify factors which are responsible for similar or different changes in the price of certain food products within the defined time period for countries of the selected sample. We also compared the selected product prices to the total average income of residents in the observed countries. It was concluded that Serbia has the lowest prices compared to other countries, but relatively the highest prices of selected food products in relation to the average income of its residents.

Institutional support for strengthening entrepreneurship in agricultural production of the Republic of Serbia

Developed countries reaffrm the role of agriculture in the functioning of the entire economy, emphasizing the importance of agricultural production. Faced with the need for greater investment in agriculture while directing new investments into underdeveloped rural areas, transitional countries must realistically assess their potentials and limitations in this area. The aim of the study is to defne the characteristics of the SME sector during structural changes in agriculture, which is one of the drivers of economic development of Serbia. This study analyzes the current state of the sector of small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs in agriculture and examines indicators that point to their development. How to encourage the development of agricultural production in a country that has experienced a complete economic collapse? Why do incentives to entrepreneurship and agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia have no expected effects? Institutions of the Government of the Republic of Serbia have created a whole spectrum of economic and fscal incentives after the 5th October changes, but the effects of such programs are limited. Political managing of funds, institutions and ministries reduces the effciency and transparency of the program, which greatly reduces the scope and importance of these programs in a healthier business environment. Serbia’s determination to continue European integration obliges economic policy makers to comply with the most important economic development documents and strategies accepted by EU countries. General economic development must provide the conditions for further successive expansion of agricultural production in Serbia, while at the same time undertaking measures for the modernization of agricultural holdings as part of integral development.

Presence of deoxynivalenol in wheat milling products in Serbia during 2016-2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of several mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species that frequently infect wheat, corn, rice, oats, barley and other grains in the field or during storage. DON affects animal and human health causing vomiting, acute temporary nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness and fever. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in white wheat flour, whole wheat flour and wheat bran. In this study, a total of 75 white wheat flour, whole wheat flour and wheat bran samples were collected in the period of 2016-2017. All samples were analyzed for DON by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. DON was detected in 23 out of 45 white wheat flour samples (51.11%), at levels ranging from 99 ?g/kg to 440 ?g/kg. Out of 15 whole wheat flour samples, 14 were contaminated by DON (93.33%), at levels ranging from 98 ?g/kg to 479 ?g/kg. The maximum contamination level of DON (2,790 ?g/kg) in this study was found in wheat bran. Presence of DON was detected in all 15 samples of wheat bran (100%). These results suggest a high percentage of contaminated samples, especially among wheat bran samples, which raises a risk for consumers of wheat bran and the need to monitor final products before consumption.

Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an important medicinal spice plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Anise seeds are rich in essential oils and this is a reason why anise production in Serbia has increased over the last decade. During a routine health inspection on anise seeds collected from three localities in the province of Vojvodina (Mošorin, Veliki Radinci and Ostojićevo) during 2012 and 2013, it was found out that Fusarium spp. were a commonly observed fungi. The presence of Fusarium fungion the seed samples ranged from 3.75-13.75%. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the strains of Fusarium species present on anise seed samples as it is necessary that commercially used anise seeds are completely free of Fusarium. Based on morphological, microscopic characteristics and a molecular identification by sequencing of TEF gene, the presence of the following species was confirmed on the anise seeds: F. tricinctum, F. proliferatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichoides, F. incarnatum and F. verticillioides. According to our knowledge and research, this is the first report of F. tricinctum and F. sporotrichoides as pathogens on anise seeds in the world. All seven isolates of Fusarium species are pathogenic to the anise seedlings, while the most virulent species were F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum and F. incarnatum.

Conceptualizing journalistic self-censorship in post-conflict societies: A qualitative perspective on the journalistic perception of news production in Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia

Post-conflict societies are subject to other societal forces than non-conflict or conflict societies. As a result, news production might differ between these three societal forms. In conflict, news is influenced either by the affiliation with a conflict party or at gunpoint. In non-conflict, it is shaped by manifold influences that are mostly connected to journalistic routines. In addition, post-conflict news production can be characterized by a high relevance of the conflict context and an emerging importance of routines. This article analyzes how journalists perceive self-censorship as an influence on post-conflict news production. It conceptualizes self-censorship as an analytic category and introduces different forms of self-censorship. Finally, the authors demonstrate the relevance of self-censorship as a force in post-conflict news production with the help of qualitative interviews conducted with journalists in Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia.

Serbian Large Agribusiness Corporations Knocking at the Door of E-Agribusiness Revolution

Transformation of large agribusiness corporations in Serbia is at its beginning. Institutional investors are taking control of these firms through foreign direct investments. Corporate reorganization of agribusinesses starts up by introducing efficient management, information technology, Net and e-commerce. IT environment generates a new business model, which creates connections in Serbia between the large agribusinesses, business processes and IT. The market of agricultural production in Serbia is rapidly changing and adapting itself to the global trends, mainly to the Internet economy. The speed of transactions and volume of information is increasing dramatically. It is important to explain the basic economic principles at macro and micro levels. Such revolutionary changes affect the operations and management of agribusiness on the Internet and outside of it. The purpose of this work is to stimulate further research in these processes, and to use the acquired knowledge as a tool for efficient corporate agribusiness management.

Impact of wood pellets export on the development of their production in Serbia with the effects of substituting enegry from fossil fuels and reduction of carbon dioxide emission

The paper presents the results of researching the impact of export on the production of wood pellets as well as the situation on the market for this wood fuel in Serbia. Objective of the research was to produce scientifically and professionally founded conclusions and the related adequate recommendations to the decision makers in order to improve the situation on wood pellets market in Serbia and eliminate the existing problems which significantly burden and slow down this development. Special objective of the research was to observe the contributions of wood pellets to the mitigation of climate changes using Serbia as the example. Results of the conducted research show that the expansion of the consumption (demand) increase in the European Union countries in the last fifteen years and the related increase of export from Serbia are the most significant factors which have influenced the development of wood pellets production in Serbia. Parameters of econometric model of the impact of export on the increase of production show that production increase of 1.17% can be expected with the increase of export of 1%. Thus, the number of wood pellet producers has rapidly increased in the last ten years, from 2 producers in 2006 to 52 active producers in 2016. Increase of the number of producers was also accompanied by the increase of the installed capacities. At the end of 2015, total installed capacities for wood pellet production in Serbia reached 550 thousand tons, and the realized production was 229 thousand tons, or 41.6% of the installed capacity. Consumption of wood pellets in Serbia in the last four years achieved significant increase and reached the level of 89 thousand tons in 2015. However, concerning the segment of wood pellets consumption in Serbia, the situation is still unsatisfactory despite the fact that the consumption has been increasing year after year. Average price of 1 kWh of energy from wood pellets exported from Serbia was in the range 20-44 ?$, which is 2.1 to 3.2 times less than the price of 1 kWh of energy from the natural gas which was imported in Serbia in the observed period.

Economic characteristics of grape production in South Banat

Wine production in Serbia has a long tradition. Serbia has great potentials for the production of grape and wine, but they are at a low level of utilization. Grape production in Serbia takes place on only 25,000 ha with an average annual production of 285,571 t of grapes with variations according to year. The vineyards and wine production are in a significant decline, while the main bearers of production are small family households or individual producers. The research presented in this paper is the economic characteristics of grapes production in the region of South Banat, Vrsac wine-growing region, which occupies 81.2% of the total vineyard area in this part of AP Vojvodina.

Chances and obstacles for organic production in Serbia

In the past years, in all strategic documents and plans of our country, agriculture is mentioned as one of the most important and the most promising sector of further development and the economic growth of Serbia. Regarding the increase of export of organic products in developed countries, the organic production could be considered as one of the most perspective economic activity. In terms of geographic and climatic position that Serbia possess, it could be told that Serbia has an advantage in terms of abundance of natural resources. Furthermore, the higher price of organic products than conventional products is also very attractive and motivational factor for farmers and economy at all. The aim of this research is the review of all possibilities and obstacles for the increase of organic production in Serbia. On one hand, it will be observed natural potential of Serbia, on the other hand, profitability and legislations which follow the aforementioned production and export of these products. Therefore, it will be illustrated how the weakness and threats of this kind of production could be reduced and transformed into strengths and opportunities for rapid and consecutive growth of organic farming in Serbia.

Forecasting corn production in Serbia using ARIMA model

Agricultural crop production is closely related to climate, as a decisive success factor. Temperature fluctuations and changes in the volume of precipitation are the main factors affecting the growth and development of crops, and, ultimately, the quantity produced. Corn is the most common crop necessary to provide for domestic needs, and a strategic product for export. Production of corn in the period from 1947 to 2014 in Serbia had an oscillatory trend, with significant jumps and falls in production. The subject of this paper is the forecasting of future trends in corn production in Serbia. Building on the subject, the purpose of this paper is to create the model for forecasting future corn production and establishing its trends.

Organic production: Development chance for MSP in agriculture

Agricultural production is very diverse and gives the great opportunities for various activities of small and medium enterprises. There is a great competition for placement of agricultural and food products, on both, domestic and international food markets. In a situation where there is a hyper production of agricultural products in the European market, the export of agricultural and food products is possible only if it offers organic products, for which there is a great demand. Organic production in Serbia is more popular and economically more important. Thanks to potentials that are reflected primarily in the fragmented property and land that is not contaminated with harmful substances, this type of agriculture can contribute significantly to development of rural areas and agriculture in general. Therefore, organic farming is set as one of the priorities for development of agriculture, and an integral part of the strategy for rural and agricultural development in the Republic of Serbia. Development level of organic production in Serbia is low, and the reasons are: a low level of environmental awareness, lack of state support to the agricultural sector, decline in living standards of the population, and therefore the reduced purchasing power. Organic products are becoming increasingly important goods in world terms, and there is a growing participation of these products in global trade flows. It is evident that the presence of organic food in the growing number of consumers around the world is not just a fashion fad, but the constant striving to consume better quality products, and thus contribute to the preservation of the environment and our health. These products represent a great opportunity for the promotion of small and medium enterprises in domestic and especially in foreign markets.