Procurement Logistics Research Articles

Hospital Pharmacy Service: Facing the logistics of medicines procurement

COVID crisis has abruptly broken into our hospitals, and many difficulties have emerged, including those related to supply logistics.A huge number of new patients, a fast internal reorganization process and many other changes were suddenly established. These circumstances revealed the need to increase stocks of drugs, both for basic treatment as well as for specific SARS-CoV-2 infection management. At the same time, other problems (shortages, new and complex purchasing procedures, etc.) surfaced, so they could risk safety along the pharmacotherapeutic process.The main objective was to develop and implement all the necessary measures within the logistics circuit in order to ensure the availability of medicines for patients, as safely and effectively as possible, during the Coronavirus crisis.Firstly, two pharmacists were appointed to coordinate the whole process, and a preliminary analysis of the following aspects was carried out: an estimation of needs to make the initial drug provisioning, a storage feasibility study and a global analysis of the logistics process to detect critical points. Three different circuits for medicines supply were established as some drugs were operated by Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS) or Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS), and others were under no restrictions. For stocks control, inventory was frequently reviewed and monitoring of prescription trends was implemented. For all new medicinal products, compliance with security standards was reviewed and relabeling was carried out if necessary. Criteria were defined for the storage of overstocks and it was placed an isolated area for quarantined drugs. Shortages inevitably occurred but their effects were partly mitigated by AEMPS and SERMAS.After all, we consider that the implemented procedure for logistics management may be reproducible, and the key points we have identified are the following: to enhance our quality management system, to develop an Action Plan for Healthcare Emergencies and to ensure the adequate training for all pharmacy staff. Furthermore, we also should address other aspects: to establish storage optimization strategies, to focus on a more advanced logistics management model, as well as to take advantage of the extraordinary multidisciplinary network, which has been consolidated during this COVID pandemic.

Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts: The Phenomenal Book by Elaine Treharne

Reviewed by: Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts: The Phenomenal Book by Elaine Treharne Sonja Drimmer Elaine Treharne. Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts: The Phenomenal Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. 272 pp., 29 illustrations. $40. ISBN: 9780192843814. It wasn't easy getting a copy of this book. When I accepted the invitation to review Elaine Treharne's Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts: The Phenomenal Book, I was told that, because Oxford University Press's website listed the book as out of stock, it might be challenging to get a hard copy; perhaps interruptions to the supply chain caused by the pandemic were partly to blame. Eventually, and happily, a hard copy arrived at my door. This is a book I could place on a shelf, reach for, hold, and use my hands to annotate. The logistics of a book's procurement are not usually fodder for a review, but in the case of Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts, they could be considered one of the intangibles cleaving to tangibility that Treharne asks us to consider in our engagement with books produced in the Middle Ages. The book's premise is that we attend to the whole manuscript as a thing in the world—inclusive not only of its material properties and content and accretions over time, but also of the many aspects of its immanence that are perceived through the senses but often elude the scholar's empirical capture. The theoretical armature for Treharne's proposal is Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, which takes the embodied perception of the world as offering each individual their perspective on it; manuscripts are "are archetypally phenomenal objects, dependent on sensory engagement for their fullest interpretation" as whole objects irreducible to their constituent parts (6). A key term for Treharne's intervention is the architextuality of the book (a notion inspired by, but ultimately distinct from, the architext as conceived by Gérard Genette): its essence as a concrete object through which humans have passed and experienced its transcendent properties over time. Informing the study's concept of the manuscript as an actual and ideated form, and structuring its itinerary, is Riddle 26 from the tenth-century [End Page 147] (Exeter Cathedral Library, MS 3501). The poem is spoken in the voice of a book narrating its own production and reception—not the book in which this riddle appears but a notional and abstract book inspirited with a voice that meditates on its own flesh. Excerpts from this riddle provide the heading for each of the book's chapters, which focus chiefly on British manuscripts from the seventh through the thirteenth centuries, and move us both logically and trilogically from the first three chapters on manuscripts' making and inscription to the central three chapters on the visible and invisible presences of successive users, to the final three chapters on manuscripts' representations from within medieval books themselves to their modern digital surrogates. Treharne's exegesis of this poem in chapter 2 shimmers, as she conjures its sensuality and the sonic allure of its unvoiced consonants, evocative of the parchmenter's scrape of a lunellum and swipe of a bone folder over thick membrane. As concerned as it is with its material facture, so too is this personified book aware of its transcendent value: its origins in violence and culmination as a glorious form echo the narrative of humanity's redemption through the Passion of Christ, the Word made flesh (26). The aperçu that cracks open manuscripts' affective power is that "books save lives"—whether lives here are read as Christian souls or the physical bodies that have been protected apotropaically and shielded literally by their form (35). The magnetism of the book as an enfleshment of affect resides particularly legibly in the traces of the scribes who left inky tracks of their handiwork across the pages. In this, what I found to be the most evocative chapter, Treharne reflects on the writing on the page as a manifestation of the union of scribe, tool, and effort. Here, Treharne merges the paleographer's resolute precision with a lyrical sympathy to the letterforms as they rest on the surface of skin, hover over a blind-ruled base line, and...

Same-teams versus different-teams for long distance lung procurement: A cost analysis.

In an era of broader lung sharing, different-team transplantation (DT, procuring team from nonrecipient center) may streamline procurement logistics; however, safety and cost implications of DT remain unclear. To understand whether DT represents a safe means to reduce lung transplant (LTx) costs, we compared posttransplant outcomes and lung procurement and index hospitalization costs among matched DT and same-team transplantation (ST, procuring team from recipient center) cohorts at a single, high-volume institution. We hypothesized that DT reduces costs without compromising outcomes after LTx. Patients who underwent DT between January 2016 to May 2020 were included. A cohort of patients who underwent ST was matched 1:3 (nearest neighbor) based on recipient age, disease group, lung allocation score, history of previous LTx, and bilateral versus single LTx. Posttransplant outcomes and costs were compared between groups. In total, 23 DT and 69 matched ST recipients were included. Perioperative outcomes and posttransplant survival were similar between groups. Compared with ST, DT was associated with similar lung procurement and index hospitalization costs (DT vs ST, procurement: median $65,991 vs $58,847, P=.16; index hospitalization: median $294,346 vs $322,189, P=.7). On average, procurement costs increased $3263 less per 100 nautical miles for DT versus ST; DT offered cost-savings when travel distances exceeded approximately 363 nautical miles. At our institution, DT and ST were associated with similar post-LTx outcomes; DT offered cost-savings with increasing procurement travel distance. These findings suggest that DT may mitigate logistical and financial burdens of lung procurement; however, further investigation in a multi-institutional cohort is warranted.

ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ СИСТЕМЫ KPI ЛОГИСТИКИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЗАКУПОК

The logistics of public procurement is a key tool that ensures the transfer of financial flows to various sectors of the economy. Al- so, the performance of budgetary and mu- nicipal institutions, the level of provision of the population with necessary goods and services depend on the effectiveness of pro- curement logistics processes. The strategic direction in the Russian Federation is the National Projects program, the implementa- tion of which is not always carried out suc- cessfully and on time, precisely because of the lack of improvement of procurement pro- cedures at the municipal level. The compe- tent formation of a system for evaluating procurement logistics in the public sector will contribute to the optimization of activities and commercial enterprises, which is espe- cially important in the context of the state import substitution program.

Current Trend of Industry 4.0 in Logistics and Transformation of Logistics Processes Using Digital Technologies: An Empirical Study in the Slovak Republic

Background: The digital transformation towards Industry 4.0 has become a necessity for businesses as it makes them more flexible, agile and responsive. Logistics is no exception, as it is constantly undergoing a significant transformation supported by revolutionary Industry 4.0 technologies that are fundamentally changing logistics processes and operations. Methods: In the construction of the paper, the following classical scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, specification and comparison. Among the special scientific methods, the method of classification, concretisation, graphical methods, questionnaire survey and statistical methods were used. Results: The analysed enterprises perceive digital transformation in logistics. In the analysed enterprises in Slovakia, the Industry 4.0 strategy is implemented in logistics. Industry 4.0 in logistics has the largest representation in production logistics in each enterprise category. In implementing Industry 4.0 in logistics, enterprises confront the biggest barrier, namely, investment costs. Conclusions: Through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, several significant relationships were confirmed. The significant relationship between manufacturing logistics and selected Industry 4.0 technologies was demonstrated. The significant relationship between procurement logistics and selected Industry 4.0 technologies was also demonstrated. The statistical analysis also confirmed a significant relationship between distribution logistics and the selected Industry 4.0 technologies.

Digital transformation of procurement logistics

Aim. The presented study investigates the opportunities and prospects of the digital transformation of procurement logistics.Tasks. The authors describe the essence of procurement logistics; analyze digital technologies used in modern procurement logistics and the effects of their application; determine the prospects for the use of digital technologies in the procurement logistics system.Methods. This study uses systems analysis, induction, comparative analysis, structural and functional analysis.Results. Digital technologies are involved in procurement logistics processes: from data processing using computers to the use of telecommunication technologies for processing and distributing information in digital and other forms. The use of digital technologies in procurement integrated with work on product distribution channels increases the quality of procurement services, reduces inventory and procurement costs. With the help of digital technologies, the relationship between buyers and sellers in the field of procurement has reached a fundamentally new level, with closer interaction and rapid exchange of information on both sides allowing them to make predictions and assess the prospects for collaboration. Thus, it is necessary to intensify efforts aimed at the digitalization of procurement logistics.Conclusions. Investment in the digitalization of logistics processes is a prerequisite for the successful development of any modern organization that wants to maintain its competitiveness in the market. In the modern world, digital technologies in procurement logistics are increasingly spreading, transforming procurement processes. These include cognitive computing and artificial intelligence; intelligent content extraction; predictive and in-depth analytics; logistics platforms; robotics; blockchain; cybernetic tracking.

Time for Revitalisation of Value Chain Management: A Reassessment of Porter’s View on Procurement

Purpose: In the light of recent disruptive events, global supply chains have displayed their vulnerability, which has stressed the importance of procurement in modern practice. This study aims to analyse if the procurement function can be reconsidered as aprimary activity in Porter’s (1985) value chain. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilises secondary data analysis. Data were collected on the basis of searches with nine keywords, which led to a discovery of 63 sources. Findings: The study has found that the procurement function cannot be regarded as a primary activity. However, it is identified that the unification of fragments of the two activities, inbound logistics and procurement, creates the foundation for a new activity, which mitigates exposure to volatility. Consequently, the findings urge to incorporate procurement logistics into the value chain as a re-modified primary activity.

Optimizing the Vehicle Scheduling Problem for Just-in-Time Delivery Considering Carbon Emissions and Atmospheric Particulate Matter

The coordinated development of companies and ecological protection are possible only with increasing environmental awareness. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how companies can achieve sustainable development. It is found that the scientific implementation of the vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) for just-in-time (JIT) delivery in the raw material procurement logistics of iron and steel companies can reduce the carbon emissions in the VSP process and, taking into account the negative correlation between weather conditions and PM10, can effectively reduce PM10. On this basis, a multiobjective optimization model is constructed with the objectives of minimizing carbon emissions and PM10 along with the traditional objective of cost optimization. A greedy algorithm with high computational efficiency and an embedded genetic algorithm (GA) is used to further improve the response time of the VSP. Verification shows that in practice, the model enables companies to effectively reduce not only logistics costs but also PM10 and carbon emissions; in theory, the model expands the applicability of JIT to all value-added activities, exploring all value-added activities in different spatial and temporal dimensions to achieve the optimal combination of company cost, environmental effects, and weather dimensions.

Electronic format of public procurement logistics

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the features of information support and use of digital technologies for creating an electronic format of public procurement logistics in the Russian FederationTasks. The authors investigate the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the public procurement system and assess its efficiency in the Russian economy at the current stage; determine the reasons and objectives for creating an electronic logistics format for procurement activities to meet public needs; analyze potential efficiency following the development of digital logistics in the contract system of public procurement in the Russian Federation.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to analyze the digital development of the public procurement system and determine directions for further development.Results. Improving the functioning of the contract system for procurement activities in the Russian Federation requires information support and practical application of digital technologies to create an electronic format of public procurement logistics. Reasons for the rapid creation and development of the electronic format of public procurement logistics include such factors as the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and digital transformation of the public administration system and the national economy, including the logistics industry. The economic efficiency of the electronic format of public procurement logistics consists in automating logistics processes, increasing integration with other structural authorities that ensure the functioning of the contract system, reducing time costs, preventing corruption and most violations during procurement activities.Conclusion. The digitalization of the national economy and the public procurement system is the result of a necessary process associated not so much with the transition to the post-industrial era or with the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, but rather with the logical continuation of the large-scale public administration reform program that started in the 1980s in Western countries.

Contract logistics of public procurement as a mechanism of state regulation of the economy

Contract logistics of public procurement as a mechanism of state regulation of the economy

Logistics approach in the development of the financial potential of hotels

The hotel industry currently needs to revise its financial components, namely the costs in various areas of its operations from salaries to the deployment of automatic and robotics technologies. The logistics approach, in turn, initially carries several components — it is the computerization of most operational processes and the use of qualified personnel as the main resource of the organization. In addition, despite the fact that the hotel industry mainly sells services, and logistics optimizes the management of material flows, it is using of logistics rules, as well as the separation and further integration of business processes from the position of highlighting the functional areas of logistics in the hotel that will considerably increase its financial performance. In this article, procurement, distribution, information and storehouse logistics for the development of the financial potential of a hotel enterprise will be considered.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬНОЇ ЛОГІСТИКИ В МІЖНАРОДНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ

Introduction. Modern trends in the development of international business are characterized by dynamic global processes, in which procurement logistics plays an important role, aimed at solving a number of tasks of the enterprise to ensure its survival in international markets. Procurement logistics helps the enterprise to establish effective relations with consumers and intermediaries in the international business environment by providing it with the necessary resources in the process of managing material flows, guarantees reliable and uninterrupted supply and production of certain goods and services, and contributes to the effective organization of sales activities. Therefore, the chosen research topic is extremely relevant, timely, practice-oriented, aimed at solving specific problems of the effective organization of procurement processes on international markets. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to summarize theoretical and methodological provisions and substantiate practical recommendations regarding the development of procurement logistics in international business. The defined goal determines the fulfillment of such tasks as substantiating the concept of «procurement logistics» in international business, identifying the peculiarities of procurement logistics in international markets, developing practical recommendations for the effective organization of procurement logistics in international business. Materials and methods. The research materials are the works of domestic and foreign authors who conduct their scientific and practical research in the field of procurement logistics, in particular, regarding its implementation in the international business environment. In the process of carrying out the research, the following scientific methods were used: theoretical research (to justify the essence of procurement logistics in international business, to identify the features of its development); analysis and synthesis (to determine the main factors of influence on procurement logistics in general, and on supplier selection in particular in international business, substantiating the stages of the supplier selection process in international markets); graphic (to create drawings for the purpose of visual demonstration of factors affecting procurement logistics in international business and the stages of supplier selection); logical generalization of results (for formulating conclusions) Results. The concept of «procurement logistics» is substantiated in the scientific article. An author's definition of procurement logistics in international business is offered. It is understood as a set of measures to manage the company's material, financial and information flows in the international business environment in order to provide it with all the necessary resources for effective activity on international markets. The main influencing factors on the formation of features of procurement logistics in international business, which are important for its development, have been determined. The main groups of influencing factors on supplier selection in procurement logistics on international markets are substantiated and the supplier selection process, which consists of several stages, each of which requires the enterprise to perform the necessary actions for effective work with the supplier, is analyzed. In general, all the conclusions and proposals of this study relate to the effective organization of procurement logistics in international business. Discussion. In further research, it is proposed to focus attention on the conditions of interaction between the enterprise and the supplier in various crisis situations in the international business environment; to choose an economically justified order size on international markets; on substantiation of the optimal supply system in international business and deepening of studies of Incoterms supply conditions in international business operations.

Improving the supplier evaluation technique in the company's procurement logistics

The article explores the issues of supplier evaluation and selection in the organization's procurement management, which is particularly important in the context of the dynamics of logistics networks under the influence of modern market trends. The selection of suitable suppliers affects the performance of the logistics system and, consequently, the results of the company's activities. As a result of the study the algorithm and the technique were developed which enable to increase the objectivity and comprehensiveness of supplier evaluation through the use of several methods and selection of key criteria that correspond to the goals, objectives, and needs of the organization. The results of testing the technique are presented on the example of the company engaged in the production of warehouse equipment. To ensure the required level of flexibility, achieve goals and improve company's performance, it is recommended to evaluate suppliers using the proposed technique cyclically, considering changing factors of the external and internal environment.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ВИТРАТ МЕРЕЖІ КОСМЕТИЧНИХ МАГАЗИНІВ

The work examines the problem of the growth of the nomenclature and range of products in warehouses of different levels using the example of cosmetic products. Solving this problem required the development of methods related to the systematization and grouping of multi-nomenclature stocks. Two methods, named ABC-analysis and XYZ-analysis, are mainly considered. Recently, the use of these two methods has been fundamentally divided. ABC-analysis involves the selection of groups from the entire collection of stocks, meanwhile, the object of XYZ-analysis is each position of the nomenclature regardless of belonging to one or another group. An attempt was made to gradually combine the use of these two analyses. Today, different positions of the range deserve different attention, since, from the point of view of contribution to one or another result of trading activity, they are not equal. The essence of ABC analysis in the work is to select the most significant one from the point of view of the defined goal from the whole set of objects of the same type. If the ABC-analysis allows for differentiation of the result, then in the XYZ-analysis, the entire range is divided into three groups depending on the degree of uniformity of demand and correctness of forecasting. The scientific and specific nature of logistics provides an opportunity to assess the reaction of the process to certain management actions, to adjust and optimize these effects. The possibility of managing material flows appears only when it is possible to measure the indicators of this flow. Thus, in procurement logistics, the results of the analysis of ABC and XYZ are reduced to determining the methodology for choosing a supplier for groups A, B, C and choosing a method for planning supplies for groups X, Y, Z. This methodology allows you to make effective management decisions in the logistics departments.

JUSTIFICATION OF METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF PROCUREMENT OF MATERIAL RESOURCES BY AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Introduction. It is proved that one of the tools to ensure the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are the principles and models of logistics, including purchasing. It is argued that the main tasks of the procurement logistics of agricultural enterprises are to improve the quality, optimize the composition and structure of material resources used in production, compliance with scientifically sound standards of their consumption, which saves production costs, and ultimately – increase competitive advantage. market segments. It is established that the largest share of total logistics costs falls on the supply and management of stocks, which can be from 50-60% of the total logistics costs. That is why the substantiation of management models for the procurement of material resources for agricultural enterprises is a topical issue in modern economic conditions. Goal. The purpose of the article is to generalize the theoretical and methodological provisions and substantiate the models of management of procurement of material resources by agricultural enterprises. Method (methodology). The following methods were used during the research: abstract-logical and monographic methods in the process of theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions; method of system analysis, abstract-logical, process method allowed to systematize procurement management models and justify their feasibility in the activities of agricultural enterprises. Method of retrospective analysis, induction and deduction in comparative analysis of methods of purchasing material resources and determining their advantages and disadvantages. Results. The terms "procurement management" and "supply" were clarified, and supply logistics was considered as part of the process of strategic management of material and related flows. It is established that the procurement management of an agricultural enterprise should be considered as a function of supply logistics, responsible for organizing the purchase of the required number of goods and services of appropriate quality with the optimal level of costs in a timely manner. The existing methods of inventory management and calculation of order parameters are analyzed, the possibilities of their use in the practical activity of agricultural enterprises are substantiated. It was found that the existing methods take into account the price factor as a static value and argued the need to take into account the price as a dynamic value in the case of purchases of goods, which are characterized by price instability.

Development of Mobile Learning for Distance Learning in Procurement Logistics Course (Case Study: Logistic Engineering Student Program UPI)

Logistics Engineering study program students are required to take several Core Expertise Courses at the Study Program, including among the list is logistics procurement courses. This subject is compulsory in the logistic science cluster because in a unified process of downstream goods in the logistics process cannot be separated from the role of procurement. In this course students will learn about how the procurement process takes place in a complete logistics cycle, but the complexity for this course is high enough that an alternative is needed that can be used as supporting student learning. With advances in information technology, existing learning methods can be enhanced to produce maximum and measurable output through indicators. This study aims to design and develop an independent learning mobile application for logistics procurement courses targeting students of the UPI Logistics Engineering study program. The first development step is to design and adopt this learning process into the application. The research was conducted with the intention of utilizing context-awareness computing to provide material personalization for each user and evaluation in the form of a quiz. In the final stage of research, the application made will be tested to determine the level of usability that will be applied in lectures. The expected result is a robust system and is expected to support blended learning to increase students' interest and understanding of logistics procurement courses.

Analysis of Current International Procurement Risk Management and Logistics Cost Control

Analysis of Current International Procurement Risk Management and Logistics Cost Control

THE PRACTICE OF OPTIMIZING THE LOGISTICS PROCESSES OF FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS

The article presents in general terms the reasons for increasing the importance of logistics processes optimizing mechanisms’ development concerning the food supply chain participants, as well as the current trends in the development of the business environment that encourage research in this area. In this paper, I define the functional boundaries The functional boundaries of the competencies’ implementation regarding the field of companies’ logistics management, I paid special attention to the framework for the implementation of production logistics competencies. I also disclosed the principle of interaction between the logistics system and the production system at an enterprise. This principle is meant to be implemented in the field of production planning and the gradual movement of resources, accompanied by the value creation. As a result of the abovementioned interaction, the essence of the mechanisms and tools of process management in the field of procurement logistics is revealed to achieve a synergistic effect from the continuity of management activities. This explains the reasons why the implementation of lean manufacturing tools indirectly leads to the optimization of logistics processes. Next, the essence of the lean production concept is revealed and arguments are given for the complementarity of the concept with the tools of logistics management, but taking into account the differences in their functional contents. The subject of this study is the Kanban lean production method, so the next stage of the discussion is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical provisions of this management concept. The principle of implementation of the discussed concept in the production practice is also schematically presented. Based on review studies results about the Kanban system practical application success, conclusions were drawn about the possible positive effects of this system’ application. Further, as a result of the analysis of a food supply chain participating company’s financial statements, I determined the daily residual inventory for one of the finished products items, and it was compared with the daily order sizes. Subsequently, with the use of the Kanban system, logistics processes were optimized by eliminating excess production. Finally, I summarized the results with a list of the potential benefits brought by the use of lean manufacturing tools.

Study of Green Supply Chain Management Practices and its impact on Chemical Industries

Supply chain management is about minimizing or optimizing operation to maximize the efficiency of an organization. The effective Supply Chain Management delivers product or services quickly, at lower cost without any quality compromise. In Green Supply Chain Management, the word Green means greening the process of procurement, manufacturing, storage, distribution and reverse logistics (Source – Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference 2010, Hong Kong). The importance of green supply chain management is to optimize and reduce waste which could be in the form of solid waste, emissions, energy and chemical/hazardous liquids. These days the concerns to producers or manufacturer are coming from various issues relating to Environment like different directives or legislation from consumer or end user in many countries. Purpose: The objective of this study is to understand Green Supply Chain Management practices implementation in Chemical Industries in India. The other objective is to study and understand the effect of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Chemical Industry’s performance. The third objective is to understand the impact of PESTEL (Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, and Economical and Legal) on implementation of GSCMP. The last objective for the study is to understand the role of Institutional pressure, Green Innovations on Organizations performance. Methodology: Data will be collected through a survey method within Chemical Industries in India and would be based on structured questionnaire. Chemical industry in India will be taken for study. Total 80 Supply Chain personnel will be interviewed. The sample is adequate as it represents 10% of the total chemical industries as ten percent of the total industries sample is adequate as per Hair et al.(2005), Umasekaran (2006). Expected Results: The importance of green supply chain management practices on Indian chemical industry’s performance taking into account the test method. The institutional pressure plays moderated effect between performance of an organization and Green supply chain management. It is also observed that the technology of greening has mediating outcome between performance of an organization and green supply chain management practices.

Cellular Viability of Partial Heart Transplant Grafts in Cold Storage.

Congenital heart defects are the most common types of birth defects in humans. Children with congenital heart defects frequently require heart valve replacement with an implant. Unfortunately, conventional heart valve implants do not grow. Therefore, these children are committed to serial re-operations for successively larger implant exchanges. Partial heart transplantation is a new and innovative approach to deliver growing heart valve implants. However, the transplant biology of partial heart transplant grafts remains unexplored. This is a critical barrier for clinical translation. Therefore, we investigated the cellular viability of partial heart transplants in cold storage. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed no morphological differences in heart valves after 6, 24, or 48 h of cold storage. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that the marker for apoptosis activated caspase 3 and the marker for cell division Ki67 remained unchanged after 48 h of cold storage. Finally, quantification of fluorescing resorufin showed no statistically significant decrease in cellular metabolic activity in heart valves after 48 h of cold storage. We conclude that partial heart transplants remain viable after 48 h of cold storage. These findings represent the first step toward translating partial heart transplantation from the bench to the bedside because they have direct clinical implications for the procurement logistics of this new type of transplant.