Potato Processing Research Articles

Tuber Yield, Quality and Infestation Levels of Potato Genotypes, Resistant to the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi

As part of developing a routine potato cultivars resistance test to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, both the effect of nematode density (Pi) and pot size on growth, tuber yield, quality and tuber infestation level were studied in glasshouse conditions. The study was carried out in four experiments using cv. Desiree as control and seven genotypes with a single resistance gene to M. chitwoodi and 1 genotype, with resistance to Globodera pallida. Plants were inoculated with ranges of Pi from 0.0625 to 256 J2 (g dry soil)−1 in log series. Haulm height, tuber yield, starch dry matter content (SDC) and tuber quality were recorded. Additionally, harvested tubers of experiment 2 were stored for 240–300 days to estimate actual tuber infestation at planting when used as seed in a subsequent season. Haulm height was positively affected with increasing Pi’s and negatively with decreasing pot size. The yield was not affected in four out of seven genotypes with resistance to M. chitwoodi; they can be considered as tolerant, having a relative minimum yield, m = 1. Three genotypes and cv. Desiree showed relative minimum yield, m< 0.8, the latter varying between 0.67 and 0.80 over experiments and pot sizes. The reduction of SDC equalled that of yield indicating that M. chitwoodi had no extra effect on starch content. Quality, expressed as tuber-knot index (TKI), used for accepting ware potatoes for processing, was below 10 for all genotypes, except for 2011M1. The TKI values of cv. Desiree and genotype MDG2 were > 20 and are not accepted for processing. The fraction of clean tubers of the resistant genotypes had significantly increased to 91% compared to < 8% for cv. Desiree and MDG2. Tuber infestation, expressed to number of juveniles per gram dry soil of cv. Desiree after storage, showed no regression with the Pi and averaged 0.35 J2 (g dry soil)−1, while all tested genotypes provided ca. 0.002 J2 (g dry soil)−1.

Nutritional, Processing and Sensorial Attributes of Organic and Inorganic Indian Potatoes

Nutritional, Processing and Sensorial Attributes of Organic and Inorganic Indian Potatoes

Food processing by-products as sources of hydrophilic carbon and nitrogen for sophorolipid production

Valorization of unavoidable food supply chain waste via biotechnology would be beneficial to the implementation of circular economics and may help increase market competitiveness of the final product via reduced feedstock costs. The suitability of post-milling wheat feed, potato processing scraps and sugar-beet pulps to act as the sole source of hydrophilic carbon (glucose), nitrogen and micronutrients for sophorolipid production using Starmerella bombicola was assessed. While all three feedstocks were viable for sophorolipid production, potato scraps were the most promising feedstock, with product titers of 60.5 and 77.8 g/L from batch and fed-batch bioreactor fermentations, respectively. The viability of potato hydrolysate as a feeding media was also demonstrated, with a three-fold increase in productivity of fed-batch over batch fermentation. This bodes well for future use of potato hydrolysate in more sophisticated fermentation schemes involving continuous feeding and in-situ separation. To holistically evaluate the viability of the potato waste as fermentation feedstock, supply chain modeling was conducted using the UK as a case study. The modeling identified ideal locations for industrial scale fermentation of the potato waste, such as North-West England, East Midlands and Central Scotland. The scale of the facility was shown to greatly alter the complexity of the supply chain, leading to significant changes in environmental and fiscal costs. Practical processing considerations and the implication on process techno-economics are also discussed. The insights provided will be useful for future development of sustainable feedstock for industrial sophorolipid production and industrial biotechnology in general.

Design and Performance Testing of Semi-Automatic Machine for Potato Peeler-Cutter

In processing potatoes into sticks on a large scale, an equipment is needed that can facilitate the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to research the design of the potato peeler and cutter and test the performance of the tool. This study aims to determine the design and selection of materials, to determine the production process of potato peeler and cutter and to determine the effect of rotation on time and level of cleanliness of potatoes. This machine consists of several components, namely the frame, peeler tube, cutting tube, transmission unit and electric motor. The working mechanism of this tool is that the peeler disc which is moved by an electric motor rotates to push the potatoes, so that the rotation causes friction between the potatoes and the peeler tube which has a rough surface, this friction causes the potato skin to peel off and is then forwarded to the potato cutter tube with a propeller, which is driven by an electric motor so that the rotation pushes the potatoes into the knife so that the potatoes that pass through the peeler tube are cut into sticks. From the results of testing the tool obtained data on potatoes grade A with an average time of 2 minutes and a motor rotation of 170 rpm, capable of peeling 96.8% of potatoes with a weight loss of 3.2% of potatoes. For potatoes grade B with an average time of 2 minutes and a motor rotation of 170 rpm was capable of peeling 97% of potatoes with a weight loss of 3%, and the results of potato cuts with a cross sectional size of 6.9 × 6.9 mm.Keywords: french fries, peeler, cutter, potato stick

Development of Processed Products Made from Sweet Potatoes into Sweet Potato Milk (Violatte) to Improve the Economy of the Community in Dopang Village, West Lombok Regency

The potential of sweet potatoes in Dopang Village, West Lombok Regency is quite abundant, especially the type of purple sweet potato. In addition to its good health benefits, the existence of purple sweet potato also has high economic potential. Processing of purple sweet potatoes into more valuable products in Dopang Village is still considered lacking. Based on observations, the processing of purple sweet potatoes in the surrounding community is only in the form of snacks or chips. Therefore, this activity aims to develop processed products made from purple sweet potatoes into products in the form of sweet potato milk (Violatte) in the hope of increasing the economy of the local community. This activity is carried out in 4 (four) stages, namely; (1) product manufacturing experiment, (2) product improvement, (3) product socialization to the public, and (4) product marketing. The activity is carried out for approximately 1.5 months from November 22, 2021 - January 6, 2022. The location of the activity is in Dopang Tengah Hamlet, Dopang Village, Gunungsari, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). Each stage of this activity, starting from product manufacturing trials, product improvement stages, socialization stages and product marketing stages has been carried out and is running well.

Genome-Wide Profiling of DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Reveals Epigenetic Regulation of Potato Response to DON Stress.

Potato is an important food crop that occupies lesser area but has greater production than rice and wheat. However, potato production is affected by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses, among which Fusarium dry rot is a disease that has significant effect on potato production, storage, and processing. However, the role of DNA methylation in regulating potato response to Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) stress is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses of potato tubers treated with five concentrations of DON. The global DNA methylation levels in potato tubers treated with different concentrations of DON showed significant changes relative to those in the control. In particular, the 20 ng/ml treatment showed the largest decrease in all three contexts of methylation levels, especially CHH contexts in transposon regions. The differentially methylated region (DMR)-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in resistance-related metabolic pathways, indicating that DNA methylation plays an essential role in potato response to DON stress. Furthermore, we examined lesions on potato tubers infested with Fusarium after treatment. Furthermore, the potato tubers treated with 5 and 35 ng/ml DON had lesions of significantly smaller diameters than those of the control, indicating that DON stress may induce resistance. We speculate that this may be related to epigenetic memory created after DNA methylation changes. The detailed DNA methylome and transcriptome profiles suggest that DNA methylation plays a vital role in potato disease resistance and has great potential for enhancing potato dry rot resistance.

Valorization of Potato Peels Starch for Efficient β‐Cyclodextrin Production and Purification through an Eco‐Friendly Process

AbstractPotato peels (PP) are agro‐industrial co‐products generated in huge quantities by the potato processing industry. Obtaining value‐added products from PP is a current research challenge. As cyclic oligosaccharides is produced from starch by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) are increasingly used in various industrial applications. In an attempt to develop a low‐cost process for β‐CDs production, starch is firstly extracted from PP. The productions of the US132 CGTase and β‐CDs are then optimized via experimental designs. The US132 CGTase production from the recombinant T7 express Escherichia coli strain is enhanced 20‐fold to reach 59.95 U mL−1. Subsequently, the β‐CDs production by the US132 CGTase is optimized to reach a high level (67.26 g L−1). The β‐CDs are then purified to homogeneity through a simple eco‐friendly crystallization method that provided a purification yield of 20%. This study reveals that β‐CDs production from valorized starch is a promising strategy used to valorize PP and minimize β‐CDs production cost.

Techno and bio functional characterization of industrial potato waste for formulation of phytonutrients rich snack product

Present study aimed at utilizing potato industry waste (potato peel and mash) to improve the phytonutritional profile of chickpea flour-based snack product gathiya. Potato waste was converted into powders and studied for their respective biochemical and functional properties. Characterization of potato peel powder showed high crude fiber (13.05%), protein (13.15%), and bio-functional properties (834.24 mg GAE/g total phenols and 247.18 mg QE/mg total flavonoids) while mash powder exhibited high techno-functional potential as water (4.11 g/g) and oil absorption capacity (1.70 g/g). Mash and peel powders were incorporated in chickpea flour at different concentrations for formulation of snack. Compared to control, addition of these powders considerably (p < 0.05) improved the hardness (54% decrease), minerals (21% increase) and fiber content (71.7% increase) and phenolic compounds (54.4% increase) as confirmed using FTIR and HPLC analysis. Based on desirable sensory attributes, gathiya prepared with addition of 5% potato peel powder and 20% potato mash powder was selected for product development and shelf-life studies. All bioactive constituents decreased (p < 0.05) during storage while an increase in antioxidant activity was observed in stored product. Due to high antioxidant potential of potato peels, lower lipid oxidation values were noticed for potato waste enriched snack throughout the storage and the product was shelf stable at room temperature for six months without impacting quality. The utilization of potato waste in prepared product can provide dual benefit of producing healthy phytonutrients rich snack product along with solving the problem of solid waste dispersal of potato processing industry.

Grade wise yield and economics involved in potato c.v kufri chipsona-1 under different nutrient treatments

The present experiment was conducted at the, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV,Gwalior (M.P.) during the Rabi season of two consecutive years 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment wascomprised of treatments combinations of inorganic fertilizers viz., (100% NPK), (75%NPK) and (50% NPK),farm yard manure and biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) tested on potato processing cultivar KufriChipsona-1, for yield and economics parameters. The experiment was laid out in Randomized CompletelyBlock Design (RCBD) with three replications. The tubers were sown in plots of size 3 x 3 m at a spacingdistance of 60 x 20 cm. Observations for yield parameters were grade wise yield of tubers (kg/plot),processing grade tuber yield (T/ha), marketable tuber yield and total yield (T/ha) of potato tubers. Thetreatment combination I3O2B3 (100%NPK+FYM 20 t/ha + PSB2.5kg/ha+ Azotobacter 2.5 kg/ha) resulted inmaximum ‘A’ grade tubers (8.2 kg/plot) and maximum ‘B’ grade tubers (7.5 kg/plot) during the pooledmean data, of the experiment. The treatment combination I3O2B3 also resulted in maximum total yield (22.6t/ha). Whereas minimum total yield (15.6 t/ha) was obtained in treatment I1O1B2. The highest benefit costratio was recorded (2.56) with treatment I3O2B3 followed by (2.47) treatment I3O2B1.

ANALISIS PROFITABILITAS DAN NILAI TAMBAH USAHA INDUSTRI PANGAN PRODUK CARANG MAS DI KABUPATEN MAGETAN

Carang mas is a type of snack made from sweet potato. This study aims to determine the cost structure, the profitability and added value of processing sweet potatoes into carang mas by using descriptive and analytical methods. The location is chosen by applying purposive sampling, and sample is selected by census method. Data collection techniques used observation, interview, and note-taking. Data analysis methods used: (1) Cost; (2) Revenue; (3) Break event Point; (4) Profitability; and (5) Added Value. The results showed that the average variable cost is IDR 32.090.664,88 production/month and the average fixed cost is IDR 436.482,42 production/month. The average total cost spent is IDR 32,527,147.30 productions/month. The average revenue of the machete industry is IDR 39.486.431,28 production/month. The amount of Break Event Point units is 627,42 packages per month, while the of Break Event Point sales is IDR 2.330.414,69 production/month. The Margin Of Safety value is 94,10% and the value of the Marginal Income Ratio is 18,73%, so the profitability value in the business of carang mas is 17,62%. Processing of potato into carang mas generates the gross added value of IDR 1.400,75 per kilogram, while the net value added amounts to IDR 1.169,80 per kilogram. The average labor used in its industry is five people.

The transcription factor StTINY3 enhances cold-induced sweetening resistance by coordinating starch resynthesis and sucrose hydrolysis in potato.

The accumulation of reducing sugars in cold-stored tubers, known as cold-induced sweetening (CIS), negatively affects potato processing quality. The starch to sugar interconversion pathways that are altered in cold-stored CIS tubers have been elucidated, but the mechanism that regulates them remains largely unknown. This study identified a CBF/DREB transcription factor (StTINY3) that enhances CIS resistance by both activating starch biosynthesis and repressing the hydrolysis of sucrose to reducing sugars in detached cold-stored tubers. Silencing StTINY3 in a CIS-resistant genotype decreased CIS resistance, while overexpressing StTINY3 in a CIS-sensitive genotype increased CIS resistance, and altering StTINY3 expression was associated with expression changes in starch resynthesis-related genes. We showed first that overexpressing StTINY3 inhibited sucrose hydrolysis by enhancing expression of the invertase inhibitor gene StInvInh2, and second that StTINY3 promoted starch resynthesis by up-regulating a large subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene StAGPaseL3, and the glucose-6-phosphate transporter gene StG6PT2. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we revealed that StTINY3 is a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator that directly binds to the dehydration-responsive element/CRT cis-element in the promoters of StInvInh2 and StAGPaseL3. Taken together, these findings established that StTINY3 influences CIS resistance in cold-stored tubers by coordinately modulating the starch to sugar interconversion pathways and is a good target for improving potato processing quality.

Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by free and cross-linked peroxidase in microfluidic reactor

This paper aims to reduce the gap between intensified innovative process designs and the application of enzyme technologies at an industrial scale that often take full advantage of microreactor systems. Soybean and potato processing waste was used as the source of peroxidase in both the free and immobilized form for the biodegradation of the Acid Violet 109 anthraquinone dye (AV109) in a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) microreactor which is 0.5 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. High biodegradation efficiencies of 95 and 76% were achieved by soybean and potato peroxidase respectively after 3 min of residence in the microreactor, with a noticeable lack of hydrogen peroxide inhibition. The reactor’s design, with regard to its diameter and length, significantly affected the biodegradation efficiency. The polymer membrane formation by the cross-linking approach with oxidized pectin and soybean or potato peel peroxidase on the inner PTFE wall was SEM confirmed. The cross-linking efficiency with oxidized pectin of both peroxidases is inversely correlated with the activity, hence the highest recorded activity of immobilized peroxidase was 11 and 19 μ mol/min of soybean and potato peroxidase, respectively, at an initial pectin concentration of 0.05%. A promising reusability for AV109 biodegradation in the microreactor with immobilized soybean and potato peroxidase was confirmed, since the immobilized peroxidases retained 65 and 35% of the initial activity after the tenth cycle, respectively. The LC–MS and GC–MS techniques confirmed the biodegradation of the AV 109 dye, and the intermediates with a lower molecular weight were separated and identified. • Soybean and potato processing waste was used as the source of peroxidase. • Microreactor was used for the biodegradation of anthraquinone dye. • Biodegradation efficiency of 95% and 76% was achieved for both peroxidase. • The peroxidases were immobilized on the inner microreactor surface. • The immobilized enzymes retained 65 and 35% of the activity after tenth cycle.

УСЛОВИЯ РАБОТЫ СЕПАРИРУЮЩЕГО ЭЛЕВАТОРА КАРТОФЕЛЕУБОРОЧНЫХ МАШИН НА ПЕРЕУВЛАЖНЕННЫХ ПОЧВАХ

The high-quality implementation of the technological process of harvesting potatoes largely depends on the separation process. A separating elevator with cleaning rubber-coated blades is proposed in order to improve the process of separation of the soil-tuberous mass and reduce damage to tubers. The conveyor with rubber blades is located inside the main and moving against the direction of the separating elevator movement. Mounted blades with their touch will clean the lumens of the rods from sticking. The quality of the completeness of the separation of potato harvesters depends on the duration of the presence of the soil-tuberous mass on the working surface of the elevator. In the course of theoretical studies, the relative speed of movement of the soil-tuberous mass was analytically determined depending on the change in the mass of the soil layer after the interaction of the blades of the internal conveyor with the elevator bars. The range of change in the rational value of the elevator speed for elliptical shakers was taken into account. The graphs of the dependences of the relative speed of movement of the soil-tuberous mass on the kinematic parameters of the internal conveyor and on the congestion of the elevator are analyzed. It has been established that the interaction of the blades of the internal conveyor with the bars of the elevator has little effect on the speed of the soil layer. The internal conveyor with rubberized blades will clean the gaps between the bars of the elevator without resisting the movement of soil and tuber mass on the surface of the separating elevator, thereby improving the quality of soil separation and reducing damage to tubers.

YIELD AND SEED PRODUCTION OF POTATO VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY

The article presents the results of the research, aimed at studying the influence of doses and methods of fertilizer application and mass of planting material on the formation of the yield, seed productivity and yield structure of potato tubers in conditions of Vinnytsia region. As a result of the researches carried out by us during 2019-2021 it was established that the yield and yield of seed potatoes change depending on a dose and a way of application of fertilizers, weight of garden tubers and variety features. The highest indicators of structure of a crop yield and yield were received on the variant of experience, where on a background of action of the half-digested manure brought under the precursor and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer under the basic potato processing were brought into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the number of tubers under a bush increased from 9.0 to 9.5 pieces and the average weight of tubers from 78.1 to 79.5 g, the yield increased from 38.3 to 41.1 t / ha with increased fraction of seed tubers . At intensification of potato growing the highest rates due to varietal peculiarities of Granada variety tubers yield, the size of which on the greatest transverse diameter of 28-60 mm were obtained on the experiment variant, where on the background of half-digested manure introduced under the predecessor and phosphate-potassium fertilizer under potato, into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the share of tubers of this fraction varied depending on the weight of planting material from 44.9 to 54.6%. On average over three years, the highest yield of tubers grade Granada received on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of semi-digested manure and phosphate-potassium fertilizer made into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45) fraction ˃60 mm - 41, 1 t/ha, which is 32.6% higher than the control (no fertilizer) and 1.5 t / ha more compared to the yield obtained with the same dose and method of fertilization, but with a fraction of garden tubers 28-60 mm. However, when pointing out the yield gains from planting large tubers, it is necessary to mention the cost of planting material. That is, the difference in planting material expenditure between the best two potato varieties in the experiment, the Granada, was 1.85 t/ha. Consequently, the expenditure of planting material was greater than the yield increase we achieved. A similar pattern was obtained for the early maturing potato variety Laperla and the medium maturing variety Memphis. The important indicator of seed productivity of potatoes is multiplication factor, which changed depending on fertilizer, mass of garden tubers and variety features. The highest values of the reproduction factor as for quantitative as for mass value were observed in the variety Granada, on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of half-decomposed manure introduced under the predecessor and phosphate-potassium fertilizer under potatoes, introduced into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time the multiplication factor by the quantitative value varied from 8.3 to 8.7 and by the mass value varied from 7.4 for planting tubers of largest fraction to 17.8 for planting tubers of smallest fraction. It was proved that only at planting by fraction of seed tubers of 28-60 mm the reproduction coefficients both on quantitative and mass value were maximally approached to each other and made 8,5 and 10,7 This points out to optimum ratio of seed material reproduction just at planting by weight of planting tubers of this fraction.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMOTONG UBI-UBIAN OTOMATIS DENGAN PENDORONG PUTARAN ULIR DAN PEGAS BERTENAGA MOTOR LISTRIK

Cassava is a food ingredient that has a high carbohydrate content. Cassava farming products are widely available in Klaten Regency. Cassava is used to make raw materials for processed food which are relatively easy to process. However, it is a pity that the processing of these sweet potatoes is still done manually, especially in the process of cutting the sweet potatoes. So we need an innovation that can facilitate the community in the processing of sweet potatoes. Based on the problems faced by cassava chip manufacturers in Klaten, an alternative solution was developed by modifying and automating a semi-automatic cassava chip making machine with a push spring. With the design of this machine, it is hoped that it can help the production of cassava chips because if the cutting is done with a machine, the time needed is shorter and the shape is more consistent

Dry Matter, Starch Content, Reducing Sugar, Color and Crispiness Are Key Parameters of Potatoes Required for Chip Processing

To make potato production more sustainable for smallholder farmers, product diversification through processing is critical. On the other hand, the processing sector mandated some stringent standards in order to maintain product quality, hence potato quality evaluations are required for chip processing industries. Specific gravity, starch, reducing sugars, tuber dry matter, and chip color are all important characteristics to consider for processing. This study was designed to find suitable potato varieties with satisfactory attributes for processing chips, in comparison with other processing potato varieties. Keeping this in mind, the study was performed during the winter season of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 in Bangladesh. Six processing types of potato varieties viz. BARI Alu-25 (Asterix), BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta), BARI Alu-29 (Courage), BARI Alu-68 (Atlantic), BARI Alu-70 (Destiny), and BARI Alu-71 (Dolly) were evaluated for different quality parameters (specific gravity, dry matter, starch content, reducing sugar, chip color, and crispiness). The result of the study showed an ample variation in the studied parameters among the potato varieties. Among the varieties, BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta) and BARI Alu-29 (Courage) were found better for all the quality parameters, such as dry matter, starch, reducing sugar, chip color, and crispiness, and could be recommended for the processing industries.

Understanding air-drying behavior of potato peel waste

Air-drying kinetics of potato peel, a wastage of potato processing, was characterized in this work. For this, potato peel samples were dried in convective dryer at different operating conditions from which drying kinetics curves were estimated. Potato flesh samples were dried under the same conditions for comparison purposes. As well, proximate composition, scanning electron microscopy images of tissue structure, total phenolics and chlorogenic acid contents, were determined to characterize fresh and dried samples of potato peel and flesh. Sorption isotherms at ambient temperature were also established. Both drying kinetics curves and sorption isotherms were well fitted by Fick’s and Guggenheim–Anderson-de Boer mathematical models. Results pointed out the need for appropriate selection of drying parameters in further transformation of potato waste.

The effect of low-temperature processing of semi-finished potatoes on the ascorbic acid content

In Russia, only 2% of grown potatoes are processed, while in Western countries this figure exceeds 50%. In the food industry the use of potatoes in processed form (various semifinished products) has a number of advantages as compared to fresh potatoes. It is established that the range of processed potato products is expanding every year, however, one of the most popular types of semi-finished products from potatoes are those subjected to low-temperature processing. In this regard, the change in the content of ascorbic acid in semi-finished potato products during freezing and storage was studied. After examining the chemical composition of five varieties of potatoes grown in the Kemerovo region the “Rikeya” variety was selected. Freezing of the potatoes was carried out at temperatures of -24ºC and -40ºC with natural, as well as forced convection with an air velocity of 1.25 and 2.5 m/s. The resulting frozen semifinished products were stored for 25 days at temperatures of -12ºC, -18ºC, -24ºC. It was found that the temperature of freezing and storage, as well as air velocity during freezing, significantly affect the preservation of vitamin C in semi-finished potatoes. The determining factor contributing to the preservation of the processed potatoes’ quality is the temperature regimes of freezing and storage – the smaller the difference of these temperatures, the less the loss of ascorbic acid.

The Type of Seeds Did Not Alter The Quality of Potato Tuber in Four Processing Potato Varieties

Apical rooted cutting is a method to produce potato tuber seeds. This method used in potato tubers production as well. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences of potato tuber processing properties between those produced using tuber seeds and apical rooted cuttings in four processing potato varieties. Four main processing characteristics were analysed in the laboratory, were starch content, reducing sugar content, total soluble solid content, and specific gravity. As the result, four processing properties of potato tubers produced from cuttings were similar to those from tuber seeds. Whereas the differences between varieties occurred only in starch content and TSS content. This indicated that raw materials in the potato chips industry can be met by Medians, Spudy, as well Papita, not only Atlantik M. Therefore, apical rooted cuttings can be used as potato seeds in addition to tuber seeds in potato tuber production.

Basis of Developing Automated Machines with Digital Control Systems for Cultivating, Harvesting and Postharvest Processing of Vegetable Crops and Potatoes

Introduction. The accelerated deployment of modern electronics contributes to the efficiency of agricultural activities. The aim of the study is to develop automated machines with digital control systems for cultivating, harvesting and post-harvest processing of vegetable crops and potatoes. Materials and Methods. The article describes the technique of analytical studying the development of automated machines for cultivating, planting, harvesting and post-harvesting with automation in separate technological operations according to the technique of comprehensive assessment of performance quality and stability of technological operations on the basis of quantitative optimization criteria. Results. It is found that for the development of control and monitoring system of the technological process, it is necessary to provide automatic adjustment of the main technological parameters of the machines. These parameters should include the uniformity of soil density when seeding down, recording the force impact of the working body on the soil layer below or above the specified limits of the soil density toleration, changing and maintaining the vibration frequency of separation intensifiers, identifying commercial products through the vision system in the form of a camera, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study on the development of algorithms and hardware-software means of the functioning of automated machine individual elements have resulted in ensuring the implementation of automation segments on the main operations of crop production: tillage, seeding/planting, harvesting and post-harvest processing.