The 2025 10th International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environment Research (ICAEER 2025) was successfully convened in Shanghai, China, from October 24 to 26, 2025. As a prestigious international academic gathering with a proven legacy of fostering scholarly exchange, it brought together distinguished researchers, engineers, and scholars worldwide to explore key thematic domains including Energy Research, Environmental Research, and Multiscale simulations of energy materials, alongside other related frontier topics. The conference served as a pivotal platform for showcasing cutting-edge academic achievements, facilitating in-depth interdisciplinary dialogue, and forging long-term collaborative partnerships among global experts in sustainable development-related fields. By upholding rigorous academic standards and prioritizing the dissemination of high-quality research, the event advanced knowledge sharing in critical areas of global concern and laid a solid foundation for collective efforts to address pressing energy and environmental challenges through scholarly collaboration. The conference featured distinguished keynote speakers delivering insightful presentations closely aligned with its core themes of Energy Research, Environmental Research, and Multiscale simulations of energy materials. Prof. Omid Mahian from Ningbo University addressed “Nexus of Solar Energy and Nanotechnology: From Solar Collectors to CO2 Absorption Applications,” focusing on the physical properties of energy nanomaterials and experimental advancements in solar energy conversion—with implications for multiscale simulations to optimize performance. Prof. Xiaowei Liu of Huazhong University of Science & Technology presented “Research and Engineering Practice of Ammonia Combustion in Coal-fired Power Plants,” centering on physical combustion experiments and thermal system optimization, a key focus of applied energy research. Prof. Sheng Wang from China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute shared “Analysis and Reflections on Some Issues in China’s Energy and Environmental Protection Related Fields,” integrating physical experiment data and practical research to bridge energy development and environmental governance. Prof. Saad Mekhilef, affiliated with Swinburne University of Technology and Universiti Malaya, explored “The Role of Technology in Achieving a Modern Carbon-Neutral Society,” emphasizing how physical science experiments and multiscale simulations of energy materials underpin low-carbon transition. Prof. Richard Haynes from The University of Queensland presented “Development of the Technology to Convert Bauxite Processing Waste into An Engineered Soil,” showcasing environmental material innovation validated through physical property tests and experimental characterization, a critical link to environmental research. Prof. Jiang Wu of Shanghai University of Electric Power delivered “Regulation of Bimetallic Sulfides Promotes Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Resource Conversion,” highlighting the synergy of physical chemistry experiments and multiscale simulations in optimizing energy material catalytic performance for sustainable resource utilization. Collectively, these presentations deeply anchored in the conference’s core themes, with a sharp focus on physical experiment-based research and energy material simulations, offering profound academic insights and practical guidance to drive interdisciplinary innovation in energy and environmental science. Sincere thanks are due to all attendees, whose constructive discussions and enthusiastic participation breathed life into ICAEER 2025’s academic agenda. Gratitude extends to the distinguished keynote speakers for sharing invaluable insights and pioneering research, which shed light on key challenges in energy and environmental science. The organizing committee is acknowledged for its meticulous orchestration, rigorous coordination, and steadfast commitment that underpinned the conference’s smooth progression. We express appreciation to the host and supporting institutions for their generous resources, strategic guidance, and unwavering backing, which laid the groundwork for this successful gathering. Heartfelt thanks go to the volunteer team, whose diligent support and attentive assistance ensured seamless on-site operations and a welcoming experience for all. As we reflect on this fruitful event, we anticipate nurturing the collaborative bonds forged here, advancing interdisciplinary progress to address pressing global energy and environmental goals. List of Committee Member is available in this PDF.

A new certified reference material for NORM in mineral aluminium ore (bauxite) - IAEA-493.

Run-of-mine bauxite processing residue recovery from the mining industry for the production of artificial aggregate geopolymer paste

Study on the reaction kinetics of the alkaline hydrogen reduction process of high-sulfur bauxite via the Arrhenius equation.

With the continuous exploitation of bauxite mineral resources, Guangxi bauxite faces many difficulties in alumina production due to its characteristics of high silicon content, high iron content, and a low Al-Si ratio. In view of this, this study is closely related to the key link of bauxite pre-desiliconization and strives to break free from the status quo to improve the aluminum/silicon ratio and help optimize the subsequent alumina-refining process. In the work presented in this paper, the unique mineralogy of Guangxi bauxite was comprehensively considered, covering its complex mineral composition and fine distribution characteristics. The barium hydroxide pre-desilication technology was first used for in-depth experimental exploration, and the silicon removal efficiency under different working conditions was systematically compared. The system compared the silicon removal effect and the associated aluminum loss under different working conditions. The results of this study will lay a solid foundation for the rational and efficient development of bauxite in Guangxi, which is expected to reduce the cost of alumina production, improve the economic benefits for the Guangxi aluminum industry, simultaneously strengthen the efficiency of resource recycling, accelerate the sustainable development of the industry, and provide a useful reference example for subsequent similar studies.

Civil construction is one of the activities that consumes the most natural resources and generates solid waste, negatively impacting the environment. Among the most challenging wastes is red mud, a byproduct of bauxite processing in alumina production, which is highly alkaline and generated in large volumes. This article presents a literature review on waste management practices in civil construction, with an emphasis on sustainability and the potential reuse of red mud as an alternative raw material. The current legislation, waste classification, and possibilities for reusing red mud in the production of materials such as bricks, concrete, and synthetic aggregates are discussed. The results indicate that, despite technical challenges, the use of red mud in civil construction represents a promising strategy for promoting a circular economy, reducing the environmental impact of mining, and mitigating the use of conventional raw materials.

Red mud from bauxite processing is among the large-tonnage technogenic waste that poses a significant ecological threat. At the same time, red mud serves as a raw material source for expanding the resource base for obtaining iron, rare metals, and rare earth elements. Numerous studies on their utilization have shown that only through comprehensive processing, combining pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, is it possible to maximize the extraction of all the useful components. This work addresses the first stage of a comprehensive technology for processing red mud through reduction smelting, separating iron in the form of pig iron, and producing slag. Studies were conducted on the reductive smelting of red mud using waste slurry from alumina production as the calcium-containing material, taken in proportions calculated to obtain a fluid slag with a hydraulic modulus of 0.55–0.8. The permissible mixing range of red mud with waste slurry was determined to be in the ratio of 0.56–1.2. In cases where the charge was prepared in violation of the required hydraulic modulus value, pig iron was not obtained during smelting. When the hydraulic modulus requirement was met, the temperature of the reductive smelting process was 1350–1400 °C. The total amount of recovered iron obtained as pig iron and fine fractions amounted to 99.5% of the original content. The low iron content (0.23–0.31%) in the non-magnetic slag fraction allows for the production of high-quality titanium oxide and rare earth element concentrates in the subsequent stages of the comprehensive hydrometallurgical processing of red mud, involving acid leaching. Based on the results of a phase analysis of the slag, pig iron, and melt, the reactions of the reductive smelting process were established, and their thermodynamic likelihood was determined. In fluid slags, the content of the sodium aluminosilicate phase is twice as high as that in slag with a higher hydraulic modulus. The reductive smelting of 100% red mud with the addition of calcium oxide, calculated to achieve a hydraulic module of 0.55 at a temperature of 1350–1400 °C, produced pig iron and slag with high alkali and iron contents.

In the Amazon region, bauxite processing generates significant quantities of clay mineral-rich tailings, which pose a major challenge for bauxite mining operations. This study explores the use of bauxite tailings to produce fired bricks and evaluates their properties. Using a Box–Behnken experimental design, nine specimens were prepared with varying granite content (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and fired at three different temperatures: 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The bauxite tailings contain gibbsite, kaolinite, Al-goethite, and hematite, while the granite powder comprises quartz, potassium feldspar, sodium plagioclase, muscovite, and occasionally kaolinite. Linear shrinkage values remained within recommended limits, below 8%. Apparent porosity (AP) results ranged from 60.2% to 72%, with maximum water absorption reaching 23.6%. The compressive strength of bricks without granite addition was 11.9 MPa at 900 °C, with the highest value recorded at 14.9 MPa at 800 °C when granite was added. These findings indicate that bauxite tailings, when supplemented with pulverized granite, exhibit promising potential for fired brick production.

Peatlands are suboptimal lands that can be improved its quality to be used for agricultural cultivation. One of which is by using red mud and biofertilizer. Red mud, a by-product of bauxite processing, is widely available in West Kalimantan. Red mud has high pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and base saturation. Biofertilizers are products containing selected microorganisms that can help enhance plant growth and yield. This study aims to examine the effects of red mud and biofertilizer applications on peat quality improvement and their impact on the growth and yield of hybrid corn. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was red mud with three dosage levels: control (l0), 6 tons/ha (l1), and 12 tons/ha (l2). The second factor was biofertilizer with three types: control (p0), Mycofer at 10 g/plant (p0), and Provibio at 10 ml/l (p2). The results showed that red mud at a dose of 12 tons/ha significantly affected soil pH, electrical conductivity, plant growth, and hybrid corn yield. The interaction of 12 tons/ha red mud and Provibio biofertilizer significantly increased sodium content and achieved the highest uptake of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Red mud, as the main waste product of the bauxite processing industry, still has potential for utilization through the extraction of valuable metals such as titanium. This study examines the effect of bromide acid concentration, temperature, and leaching time on increasing the titanium content in solid residues. The experimental results show that the optimum conditions are achieved at a HBr concentration of 4.41 mol/L with a titanium content of 3.46 wt.%, while higher concentrations reduce the effectiveness of leaching due to the formation of a secondary phase. A reaction time of six hours produced a maximum content of 3.78 wt.%, while increasing the temperature to 75 °C increased the leaching rate through accelerated reaction kinetics and mass diffusion. XRD and XRF analyses showed that hematite remained dominant, while anatase and quartz were present as minor phases. These findings confirm the need to optimize process parameters so that red mud leaching can become a sustainable alternative for recovering titanium from secondary sources.

In the last decade, the oil and gas industry has been in dire need of seamless steel pipes resistant to corrosion destruction, which is associated with the development of oil production containing large amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other aggressive impurities. A key role in achieving high indicators of resistance to hydrogen cracking is given to the development and use of methods for controlling the type, quantity, size and morphology of non-metallic inclusions, forms of impurity presence, precipitation of non-metallic excess phases or strengthening structural components. The authors analyzed the current technology for smelting and casting of 13HFA steel at the KSP Steel PB LLP enterprise and developed a set of technological measures for smelting, extra-furnace treatment and casting of 13HFA steel, ensuring a high level of resistance to hydrogen cracking. A series of melts carried out according to the developed technological indicators ensured the achievement of the main HIC indicators at the level of CLR and CTR = 0 %. The research was conducted within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the competition for grant funding for scientific and (or) scientific and technical projects for 2024–2026 under the project AP23487674 «Complex processing of bauxites of Kazakhstan with additional extraction of iron by alternative reducing agents in the implementation of the low-carbon development strategy». Keywords: low-alloy steel, hydrogen cracking, smelting, out-of-furnace processing, continuous casting.

Transportation is the main means of communication for trade, commerce, and many other purposes. In transportation, the roadway plays a crucial role as it is having more advantages compared to other forms of transportation. In India, the maximum length of the highway network is of bituminous pavements. Bituminous pavement is a general type of bitumen mixture with recommended changes if any. Generally, the bituminous pavement has some failures such as potholes, rutting, cracking, shoving, etc, the major cause of the cracking, shoving, rutting is the lack of adhesion in the bitumen and heavy load vehicles. To solve this issue, we are going to replace the filler material with Bauxite residue in the incremental method from 0% to 25%. This study investigated the strength of the marshall stability specimen. At present NHAI is taking an initiative to construct rigid pavements for highways. Most of the rigid pavements are constructed with cement concrete. It is not always possible to supply cement because of its limited production there is a necessity to go for alternatives. Bauxite residue, also known as red mud, is a byproduct of aluminum production during bauxite processing. In India, this waste is often improperly managed, with large quantities being stored in deforested areas. Each year, around 22 million tons of red mud are produced in India alone, contributing to a global total of approximately 119 million tons annually [1]. By using this red mud in bitumen pavement, we are expecting to improve the marshal stability of the pavement and reduce the cost of the construction. By using this material in rigid pavements, we are expecting to improve the strength, durability of pavement and reduce the cost of construction and environmental pollution. Keywords: Bauxite residue powder (red mud), bitumen pavements, marshal stability, rigid pavements, compressive strength, flexural strength.

The article provides an overview of various data on red mud as a waste from the processing of bauxite into aluminum. An analysis was made of the prevalence of red mud in the world, the features of its storage and disposal, as well as the possibility of its processing into products and intermediates necessary for the production of various materials. The features of the chemical composition of red mud are given depending on its place of production and storage. An analysis of world practice on the implementation of the possibility of processing red mud using various techniques is presented. Analysis of literature data has shown that there are a large number of scientific groups involved in the processing of red mud into products such as oxides of various metals, the extraction of rare earth and radioactive metals from it, as well as the production of other products that can be used in construction, wastewater treatment, and agriculture etc. In the article, one of the most significant sections is the protection of the environment from the harmful effects of red mud. The achievements of world scientists to minimize such impacts are presented and measures that need to be taken in the future to protect the environment are considered. In addition, one of the important sections of this article is the section devoted to the processing of red mud into catalysts for various reactions, consisting in most cases of transition metals supported on aluminum oxide. This review article will allow us to systematize existing scientific developments on the processing of red mud and can be used as a basis for further study of the possibility of obtaining industrially important products from metallurgical industry waste. For citation: Afineevskii A.V., Prozorov D.A., Smirnov D.V., Gordina N.E. Strategies for the use of iron-containing waste in the production of high-tech chemical industry products. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 11. P. 6-14. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246711.7111.

The Middle-Late Permian Yakshawa and Late Cretaceous Daresard bauxite deposits, western Iran: Elemental deportment, parental affinities and genesis of REY minerals

In the process of the formation of classical lateritic bauxites in the Futa Jallon-Mandingo province, due to a complex of two-three-stage genesis, different lithological and genetic types of bauxites were formed in external characteristics, color, texture, structure. The proposed genetic typification of bauxite, based on the textural and structural features of the rocks, in fact is the basis for the geological and industrial classification of deposits of the region. Studying the textural and structural features of bauxites is the only way through which one can get an idea of the conditions of their formation. It is in the textures and structures of ores their genetic history is imprinted. The analysis shows that the deposits, within which deposits of sedimentary-lateritic and chemically transformed bauxites predominate, are distinguished not only by greater thicknesses of ore bodies and a significantly higher content of total alumina in the ores, but also by increased contents of monohydrate forms. This also determines various economic indicators of the operation and technology of metallurgical processing of bauxite.

Manufactured soil: A new use for bauxite residue

The mid-Cretaceous bauxites of SE France: Geochemistry, U-Pb zircon dating and their implications for the paleogeography at the junction between Alpine Tethys and Pyrenean Rift

Inclined parallel plates thickener (lamella sedimentation tank) is a new modern type of equipment for fine slurry deposition in the world. Actual use shows that the tank is very effective with fine and ultra-fine slurry. But up to now, lamella thickeners have hardly been used in the mineral processing industry in Vietnam. Currently, two bauxite ore washing factories (Dak Nong and Lam Dong Aluminum Company) are using 02 traditional thickeners with a total area of 4,400 m2 to sediment slurry with a volume flow of 4,000 m3/h. However, the sedimentation efficiency is low, and the overflow water quality and discharge product concentration have not reached the design criteria. The reason is that the slurry from the two companies' washing factories contains over 60% ultra-fine particles (-0.02 mm) and the ROM ore properties have changed further compared to the design. The report presents the sedimentation results of two slurry samples with particle sizes below 1 mm, which were collected from the bauxite ore washing factory of Dak Nong and Lam Dong Aluminum Company. Tests were conducted using a laboratory Lamella sedimentation tank with a settling surface area of 0.05 m2. The feed capacity to the thickener was 0.52÷0.63 m3/h (3 times higher than the theoretical calculated capacity). The 6% solid concentration of tailing slurry is separated into the overflow product (has a solid concentration in the range of 56.33÷80 mg/l) and the discharge product (with a solid concentration in the range of 35.44÷48.39%). The above preliminary results open the prospect of applying lamella sedimentation tanks to the actual slurry deposition of washing factories of Vinacomin's Aluminum Companies.

Addressing the issue that the Bayer process is not suitable for low-grade bauxite, carbochlorination was proposed to recover aluminum and silicon from low-grade bauxite. This study focused on the behavior of aluminum and silicon during the carbochlorination process of low-grade bauxite. The impact of various process parameters on the chlorination efficiency was investigated, and the chlorination mechanism and kinetics of aluminum and silicon chlorination in bauxite were analyzed and discussed. Under optimal experimental conditions, the chlorination efficiency of Al2O3 and SiO2 reached 94.93% and 86.32%, respectively. The carbochlorination of aluminum and silicon in bauxite adhered to a shrinking, unreacted core model governed by gas diffusion within the product layer. This process can be bifurcated into two stages. Additionally, calculations were conducted to determine the apparent activation energy and reaction order of the chlorination processes involving Al2O3 and SiO2. Examining the chlorination mechanism revealed that the bauxite carbochlorination encompasses transformations among various minerals. Notably, the aluminum component prefers to participate in the carbothermal chlorination reaction over silicon.

This paper presents the application of sodium aluminate, directly or after small adjustments in concentration and purity, in some other valuable intermediary products. Sodium aluminate is an intermediary product in Bayer technology applied by Alum SA Tulcea production of alumina and alumina products. Mainly, sodium aluminate is a carrier of aluminum hydroxide between important manufacturing stages in the Bayer process, bauxite processing, and aluminum hydroxide crystallization. After a short investigation of the uses of sodium aluminate, it was decided to choose and study the possibility of converting this secondary product into ecological material for the treatment of natural or industrial wastewater. Actually, on the market, products similar to sodium aluminate from Alum SA Tulcea provide treated waters with high purity and reasonable quality, excellent coagulation rates, rapid flotation, and sedimentation, and in addition, significant side effects, such as excellent removal of phosphorus and silica from treated water. Treatments do not require lime or hydroxide to control alkalinity, and chemical sludge remains at a minimum volume and mass. The test performed with sodium aluminate from Alum SA Tulcea was comparable with other tests with Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3. The maximum removal yields of global organic load expressed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chromium (Cr VI), and total suspended solids (TSS) were: 83%COD, 71% BOD5, 99.7% Cr VI and 93% TSS.