“Peak carbon dioxide emissions、Carbon neutrality” is the two stage goal of carbon emission reduction proposed by China. Carbon emission accounting is the basic premise for effectively carrying out various carbon emission reduction work and promoting the green transformation of the economy. The coal industry is one of the key objects of carbon emission reduction. Taking Zhenneng Coal Preparation Plant as the research object, this paper studies the carbon emission in the production process of the coal preparation plant and the selection of carbon emission factors, and constructs the carbon emission accounting model of the coal preparation plant. It is calculated that the carbon dioxide equivalent emission per 1 t of coal products produced by the coal preparation plant in 2018–2022 is 15.4391 kgCO2e. Based on the carbon emission reduction path at home and abroad, the development suggestions for carbon emission reduction in coal preparation plants are put forward. It is of great significance to establish a unified and standardized carbon emission accounting system for the coal industry, achieve the goal of “double carbon” and promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development.