Forest Regeneration Processes Research Articles

How tree species have modified the potentially toxic elements distributed in the developed soil–plant system in a post-fire site in highly industrialized region

The biogeochemical cycles of trace elements are changed by fire as a result of the mineralization of organic matter. Monitoring the accumulation of trace elements in both the environment and the tree biomass during the post-fire (PF) forest ecosystem regeneration process is important for tree species selection for reforestation in ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure. We analyzed the soil concentrations of different groups of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including beneficial (Al), toxic (Cd, Cr, Pb), and microelements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn), and their bioaccumulation in the tree species (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa) biomass introduced after a fire in a forest weakened by long-term emissions of industrial pollutants. The results indicated no direct threat from the PTEs tested at the PF site. The tree species introduced 30 years ago may have modified the biogeochemical cycles of the PTEs through different strategies of bioaccumulation in the belowground and aboveground biomass. Alder had relatively high Al concentrations in the roots and a low translocation factor (TF). Pine and birch had lower Al concentrations in the roots and higher TFs. Foliage concentrations and the TF of Cd increased from alder to pine to birch. However, the highest concentration and bioaccumulation factor of Cd was found in the alder roots. The concentrations of Cr in the foliage and the Cr TFs in the studied species increased from pine to birch to alder. Higher concentrations of Cu and Ni were found in the foliage of birch and alder than of pine. Among the species, birch also had the highest Pb and Zn concentrations in the roots and foliage. We found that different tree species had different patterns of PTE phytostabilization and ways they incorporated these elements into the biological cycle, and these patterns were not dependent on fire disturbance. This suggests that similar patterns might also occur in more polluted soils. Therefore, species-dependent bioaccumulation patterns could also be used to design phytostabilization and remediation treatments for polluted sites under industrial pressure.

Geographical Peculiarities of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Natural Regeneration as Related to its Seed Crops

Forest ecology faces a significant challenge in understanding the dynamics of populations of forest-forming trees during their renewal phase, as it shapes the subsequent development and structure of forest ecosystems. The forest regeneration process relies on the dynamics of the seed yield of the woody plants and the unique characteristics of their distribution. In the case of the Cembrae sp. five-needled pines belonging, which have wingless seeds, their renewal is closely linked to the activities of Nucifraga sp. birds that scatter the seeds to create food reserves in the soil. This research aims to explore the geographical variations of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) natural regeneration as a function of seed abundance. This study was conducted in three Russian mountain regions known for their forests predominated by Pinus sibirica: the Aldan Highlands, the Northern Urals, and the Khamar-Daban Mountains. It was discovered that each region exhibited distinct patterns in both cone yields and Pinus sibirica regeneration. The fluctuations in the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) populations during the seed harvest season, influenced by the nature of the seed production dynamics in each region, we believed to play a major role in the quantity of Pinus sibirica seedlings appearing in the subsequent year. These findings explain the observed variations in the renewal dynamics of annual emergent seedlings of Pinus sibirica and its reliance on cone yield in the examined regions.

Effects of subtle variation in forest canopy openness on cache pilferage and its implications for forest regeneration.

Scatter-hoarding rodents play important roles in plant regeneration and species coexistence in many forest ecosystems. Cache pilferage, the behavior of rodents seeking or relocating seeds cached by other individuals, is ubiquitous during the scatter-hoarding process. The effects of canopy openness on cache pilferage have received considerable attention, most of which have focused on the comparison between full canopy cover and completely open areas, such as forest gaps. However, little attention has been given to whether the subtle variation in forest canopy openness affects cache pilferage, although subtle variation in light environments exists in many forests, especially tropical and subtropical forests, where the overall canopy is large and the forest window is relatively small. Here, we directly tested these questions by simulating 400 artificial caches, each containing one seed from four selected tree species, in a subtropical forest in southwestern China. The overall canopy openness of the forest was relatively small (with a mean value of 11.1%), but subtle spatial variation still existed (ranging from 5.7% to 19.5%). Overall, caches with lower canopy openness were more likely to be pilfered and removed faster, although not all species showed the same pattern. Our study highlights that subtle variation in forest canopy openness, even in a closed primary forest, has significant effects on cache pilferage by rodents, which may influence the following seed germination and forest regeneration processes. Additionally, seedling species composition may further be altered because the canopy effects on cache pilferage are species-specific.

Structure and Composition of Woody Species in the Kpatawee Tropical Rainforest in Liberia

Studying ecosystem structure and species composition is pivotal, offering critical insights into environmental health and biodiversity. It facilitates the evaluation of environmental changes, like deforestation and climate shifts, and their influence on species dynamics within ecosystems. Our study aimed to assess the woody species composition and structure within Liberia's Kpatawee tropical rainforest. We conducted transect walks, crossing the forest south-north and east-west, establishing six 20 m x 20 m sampling plots. Using the PlantNet plant species identifier tool, we cataloged surviving trees with a DBH ≥ 5 cm, including their scientific names. Results unveiled 71 tree species across 42 families, with Leguminosae displaying the highest diversity. Prominent species included Quararibea asterolepis, Hasseltia floribunda, and Castilla elastica. An intriguing inverted J-shaped pattern in diameter distribution linked to stem-stand shrubs, small-sized trees, and young large trees characterized the first class. The tree layer, mainly species like Garcinia benthamiana, Iramyan therasagotiana, and Eschweilera decolarans, contributed significantly to the total DBH (65.45%). Total basal area (BA) for trees DBH ≥ 5 cm was 16.39 m² ha-1. Notably, eight species accounted for 93% of the basal area, reflecting a concentration of individuals in lower DBH classes in the first category. This trend suggests a gradual decline in numbers in higher DBH classes. Consequently, we recommend implementing sustainable forest management to mitigate the impacts of selective cutting on forest recruitment and regeneration processes. The inverted J-shaped pattern, indicating prolific regeneration but limited recruitment, possibly due to selective cutting, underscores the imperative for prudent forest management.

Characterization of the dynamics of the successional stages of the Amazon forest using Google Earth Engine

Aim of study: This study evaluates the potential of the Google Earth Engine tool, supported by fine-scale information obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, to apply and characterize the dynamics of the successional stages of the Amazon Forest in the state of Rondônia over ten years. Area of study: The study was carried out in the state of Rondônia located in the North Region of Brazil (Western Amazon). Material and methods: The data and its by-products were derived from the Landsat Level 1 - TOA collection of the United States Geological Survey, specifically Landsat 5 and 8. The mapping also used Phantom 4 Pro UAV images. We used the supervised classifier Random Forest to map the primary forest/advanced regeneration, medium regeneration, initial regeneration, and classes, and, subsequently, we crossed and quantified the successional advance and vegetation loss. Main results: It was observed that the state lost forest area even with the successional advance that occurred throughout the period, implying that the forest succession was insufficient in the face of forest deforestation. Research highlights: This study contributed to understanding the dynamics of the Amazon Forest, which goes through a process of deforestation and forest regeneration simultaneously.

Climate-induced changes to provisioning ecosystem services in rural socioecosystems in Mexico

Extreme climatic events are changing the structure and functioning of forests worldwide, and often reducing abruptly their capacity to provide ecosystem services, especially to rural communities intimately connected to their environment. In this paper, we analyze climate-induced changes to provisioning ecosystem services, including forest resources available and used by rural communities, and local perceptions about how these services changed after recent extreme climatic events inside and outside a Biosphere Reserve in northwestern Mexico. Our approach integrates quantitative and qualitative techniques from traditional (50 local interviews) and scientific (forest surveys in 24 1-ha plots) ecological knowledge. Our integrated analysis suggests widespread tree mortality was the main ecological effect of recent extreme climatic events, especially in forests regrowing in the reserve former agricultural land, overturning decades of forest natural regeneration. Reserve inhabitants, strongly relying on their surrounding forests for self-consumption, identified climatic events as the main driver of forest change. In addition to climatic events, people outside the reserve recognized selective logging for charcoal production and in general forest exploitation as key drivers of forest change, consistent with the decline of hardwood species revealed by our field surveys. The persistence of an eroding environmental dimension (e.g., unsustainable use of forest resources) outside reserves could increase the long-term vulnerability of rural socioecosystems to extreme climatic events. The protecting role of biosphere reserves will be essential to preserve old-growth forests more resistant to temperature extremes and aid the process of forest natural regeneration after climate-induced disturbance. In order to protect native biodiversity and reduce climate vulnerability, coupled human-environment systems such as Biosphere Reserves should genuinely and rightfully engage local people in management decisions, prioritizing policies that build more sustainable livelihoods and enhance the adaptive capacity of socioecosystems to cope with climate variability.

The 30-year impact of post-windthrow management on the forest regeneration process in northern Japan

The frequency and intensity of typhoons are expected to increase over time due to climate change. These changes may expose forests to more windthrow in the future, and increasing the resilience of hemiboreal forests through forest management after windthrow is important. Here, we quantified forest structure recovery using aerial photos and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data after catastrophic windthrow events. Our aims are to test the following three hypotheses: (1) forest structure will not recover within 30 years after windthrow, (2) forest recovery will be affected not only by salvaging but also pre-windthrow attributes and geographical features, and (3) various post-windthrow management including salvaging will drastically alter tree species composition and delay forest recovery. Our results revealed that hypothesis (1) and (2) were supported and (3) was partially supported. The ordination results suggested that more than 30 years were needed to recover canopy tree height after windthrow in hemiboreal forests in Hokkaido, Japan. Salvage logging did not delay natural succession, but it significantly decreased the cover ratio of conifer species sites (0.107 ± 0.023) compared with natural succession sites (0.310 ± 0.091). The higher the elevation, the steeper the site, and the higher the average canopy height before windthrow, the slower the recovery of forest stands after windthrow and salvaging. Scarification and planting after salvage logging significantly increased the number of canopy trees, but those sites differed completely in species composition from the old growth forests. Our study thus determined that the choice and intensity of post-disturbance management in hemiboreal forests should be carefully considered based on the management purpose and local characteristics.

Computer-aided classification of successional stage in subtropical Atlantic Forest: a proposal based on fuzzy artificial intelligence

Due to the continuous variability of the forest regeneration process, patterns of indicator variables with membership in more than one successional stage may occur, making the classification of such stages a challenging and complex task. This study aims at presenting a comparative analysis of artificial intelligence methods as an alternative for computer-aided classification of successional stages in subtropical Atlantic Forest. As a research hypothesis, the authors consider that a fuzzy inference system should provide the best performance due to its ability to deal with uncertainties inherent to complex processes. The analyses were carried out using a database of the forest inventory of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The data are composed of 177 sampling units of subtropical Atlantic Forest (mixed ombrophilous forest), characterized according to eighth indicator variables verified from the field by experts. This database was employed to train several machine learning methods under a tenfold cross-validation process. The overall accuracy (θ) and kappa coefficient were used to compare the performance between FIS and neural networks, classifier committees and support vector machine. Then, to verify if the classification by the FIS differed from the one performed by experts, the Kappa index and a statistical significance analysis by Pearson's [Formula: see text] test were determined. The hypotheses were verified with two-way tests at a significance level (α) 0.05, for a test power (1-β) 0.8 and minimum expected effect size between medium (ρ = 0.3). Statistical significance tests confirmed the hypothesis that FIS achieved the highest performance, with θ = 98.3% and a kappa value equal to 0.93 (almost perfect agreement) and showed no significant difference ([Formula: see text] = 0.047, p = 0.976) in comparison with the classification by experts. The use of FIS represents a promising alternative as a tool applicable for computer-aided classification of successional stages in subtropical Atlantic Forest. The results and conclusions should substantially impact the guidelines and decision-making process for deforestation authorizations and applicable compensation measures, which are based on the forest succession stage.

Seed rain and soil seed bank in Chinese fir plantations and an adjacent natural forest in southern China: Implications for the regeneration of native species.

The natural regeneration of native broadleaved species underneath forest monoculture plantations is important to recover ecosystem functions and to mitigate adverse environmental effects. To understand how seed rain and soil seed bank facilitate natural regeneration, we surveyed their density and composition in a monoculture Chinese fir plantation, a mixed Chinese fir–broadleaf plantation, and an adjacent natural broadleaved forest for two years in southern China. Twenty‐eight species (16 families) were in seed rain, and 45 species (27 families) were in soil seed bank. Seed rain density did not differ significantly across stands; however, the number of taxa in seed rain was highest in the mixed plantation and lowest in the natural forest. Seed bank density was significantly higher in the mixed plantation than in the other stands (p < .05). The Sørensen similarity index of species composition between seed sources and aboveground vegetation were relatively low (<.50). The seeds of various native tree species were common in the seed bank of the plantations, indicating that seed rain and seed bank played an important role in native forest regeneration. We recommend that managers interested in sustainable forestry should take into consideration the presence of existing soil seed bank when developing their management strategies. In addition, with regard to forest regeneration process, we also recommend supplementation of the species composition by direct seeding or planting of desired species.

Long-term nucleation effect of remnant trees in a temperate forest established on abandoned grassland

The contribution of seed dispersal by animals in a 25-year-old forest established on abandoned temperate grassland was investigated, with a focus on the long-term nucleation effect of scattered remnant trees. The remnant trees were found to increase the density and species richness of zoochorous trees around them, leading to local heterogeneity in the stand structure. However, this effect was not found for barochorous and anemochorous trees. Although the contribution of nucleation to the initial process of forest regeneration has often been recognized in the tropics, this study confirmed that the nucleation effect occurs even in temperate regions, and the effect persisted long after the forest was established. However, we detected the long-term nucleation effect only for zoochorous tree species, indicating that the perch effect was the main contributor to nucleation at the study site. Zoochorous trees that regenerated around the remnant trees were relatively small and confined to the shrub layer of the established forest. It is possible that either the regeneration of zoochorous tree species was delayed compared with that of trees with other seed dispersal modes or the zoochorous tree species were outcompeted by other vegetation because of their slow initial growth. The long-term nucleation effect was unclear when all the trees, including anemochorous and barochorous trees, were analyzed. This was probably due to the broad range of many non-zoochorous trees away from the canopy of the remnant trees in the study area, masking the nucleation effect on the smaller number of zoochorous trees.

RESTORATION OF FORESTS IN THE TERRITORIES PASSED BY LARGE-FOREST FOREST FIRE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE «OVRUTSKE FORESTRY»

RESTORATION OF FORESTS IN THE TERRITORIES PASSED BY LARGE-FOREST FOREST FIRE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE «OVRUTSKE FORESTRY»

Post-pyrogenic tree species regeneration under the Tikhvin Ridge landscape conditions, North-West Russia

The effect of ground fires on the success of later regeneration of tree species in the landscape locations of gentle hilly ridges of terminal moraines and ozovo-cam complexes of the North-Eastern part of the Leningrad Region was assessed. The study of the juvenile generation of tree species was carried out by a reconnaissance survey of forest areas traversed by wildfires on the transects of the tracks. The quantitative and heights of the re-growing tree species were taken into account. The method of correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of influence of external factors - soil conditions, the area of the plot passed by the fire on forest regeneration processes. The dependence between soil factors and categories of size of spruce and pine undergrowth in stands with a predominance of coniferous and deciduous species was determined. The size of the area covered by pyrogenic effects, depending on the granulometric composition of soils, has a significant impact on the regeneration of coniferous and deciduous species. Depending on the proportion of participation of pine and spruce and deciduous species, we can prognosticate the further development and formation of stands by species composition and prescribe forest management measures.

Monitoring The Regeneration Process of Areas Destroyed by Forest Fires Aided by Google Earth Engine

Abstract&#x0D; Aim of study: Our world is exposed to forest fires and threatens both natural and human environments. Remote sensing is one of the effective techniques to monitor forest fires. However, accessing and processing data on the field is challenging for researchers as it is costly and time-consuming. &#x0D; Area of study: In this study, the Mersin-Gülnar fire that happened in 2008 in the Mersin region was investigated.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Starting from 2000, data from the MODIS satellite images were used to monitor the forest's regeneration process along the forest fire's complete timeline. For this, analyzes were made over 471 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) MODIS satellite data from 2000 until 2020. The analyses were made in Google Earth Engine.&#x0D; Main results: According to the data processed on the Google Earth Engine platform, the vegetation cover was damaged after the fire. As a result of the examined 471 MODIS images, it was observed that the recovery process of the study area after a forest fire takes an average of 10 years.&#x0D; Highlights: Remote sensing methodologies and satellite datasets provide powerful functionality for assessing the damage caused by forest fires. This study is an example that the recovery period of forest fires is long, and it brings many difficulties together with other natural events.

Models for dominating forest cover type prediction

The question of the most suitable forest tree species for defined area and landscape has been investigated in the paper. A set of classifiers is constructed in order to build relations between type of soil and other features of forest area and preferable species of trees. The decision tree classifiers, ensemble methods implementing bagging and boosting over such trees are used. The machine learning methods are implemented to obtain the best suited tree species to cover given forest area. This classification task is one of very important problems of forest regeneration process. Efforts of ecologists can have better results if there are expert systems allowing to understand the best forest cover type for areas of forest fires or deforestation that takes place because of human factor. Results and conclusions of this paper can be used in processing of other forest recover tasks. The same methods can be implemented in order to get the preferable tree species for different areas if there’s enough data to solve these tasks with machine learning technique.

Tree height and species composition of young forest stands fifteen years after the large-scale wind disturbance in Tatra National Park

Abstract In November 2004, the windstorm Alžbeta damaged over 12 thousand ha of forests in the High Tatra Mts. It was the largest wind disaster in the modern forestry history of Slovakia. The process of forest regeneration at the post-disturbance area has to be monitored together with the effectiveness of implemented forestry measures. Therefore, we focused on tree measurements at 90 monitoring plots (MP) in 1 × 1 km net placed in the post-disturbance area in the Tatra National Park. We recorded tree species, number of trees (density) and tree heights. Besides that, stem diameters of trees with breast height diameter over 7 cm were measured. The field work was performed in the growing season of 2019, i.e. about 15 years after the wind disturbance. In total, 20 tree species, 15 broadleaves and 5 coniferous ones, were recorded at MP. The most frequent (28.9% of all trees) species was Norway spruce followed by silver birch (18.6%), rowan (16.9%) and goat willow (15.2%). Four species, i.e. European larch, wild cherry, grey alder and common alder contributed to the total number of trees between 1.8 and 4.8% each. Share of all other species together was about 5%. Tree height frequency was left-sided for the whole sampling set (all species together), as well as for individual species. Most of young trees were less than 1m high, but some of them exceeded 10 m. Further, tree density of over 100 individuals per are (100 m2) was found at 1/3 of all MPs. As many as 25% of MPs were characterized with tree densities between 61 and 90 individuals. At 23% of MPs, the number of trees was up to 30 individuals per are, and 20% of MPs had between 31 and 60 small trees per are. The results suggested that the post-disturbance forest stands in the High Tatras would be more resistant to wind storms and very probably also to bark beetles after reaching maturity than those, which were destructed and declined at the beginning of 21st century.

Comparative analysis of unsupervised classification methods for mapping burned forest areas

Forest fires cause a lot of damage in Turkey, due to the geographical location, high temperatures, and low humidity levels. Accurate determination of burned forest areas is crucial for correct damage assessment studies, fire risk calculations, and review of the forest regeneration processes. In this study, we compare the performances of unsupervised classification methods (which have not been used to map burned areas before) of burned area extraction from medium resolution satellite images with K-means. In this regard, the areas affected by fire in the Kumluca and Adrasan regions in 2016, Alanya and Gumuldur regions in 2017 and Athens region in 2018 are determined using Landsat 8 images. For this purpose, Canopy, M-tree, a hierarchical clustering algorithm, and a learning vector quantization which are frequently used in the literature are applied to determine the burned area, and the results obtained are compared with the results obtained from K-means. The results show that unsupervised classification methods can be used to map burned areas. The hierarchical clustering and K-means algorithms provide the most accurate results in mapping burned areas in most of the regions used in the study.

Plant-bird mutualistic interactions can contribute to the regeneration of forest and non-forest urban patches in the Brazilian Cerrado

Birds play a crucial role in plant reproduction, being one of the most important pollinators and seed dispersers among vertebrates. Here, we aim to study plant-bird interactions in the Cerrado biome of Brazil, highlighting existing mutualistic relations and their role in forest regeneration processes. We sampled plants and recorded feeding events and other interactions between frugivorous birds and tree and shrub species in forest and non-forest environments between May 2015 and July 2016. We registered 74 plant species of 36 genera in 23 families, along with 44 bird species, 63.7% of which were frugivores. The rainy season (September-October) offered the highest resource availability for birds, therefore most feeding events and other interactions also occurred during this period. Approximately 64% of the plants observed at the study site had zoochoric dispersal and more than half of them relied on birds. We found a variety of bird species interacting with plants that supplied their food in urban fragments and highlight the relevance of plant-bird interactions to maintaining urban ecosystems. This result demonstrates the importance of maintaining forested environments, as habitat loss reduces ecological interactions, leaving only a few healthy ecological systems as scattered forest fragments within the urban matrix.

Application of fuzzy and classical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods in assessing the forest area preservation level of Romania’s counties

With over a quarter of its territory covered by forest, Romania stands out as a European country with a medium forest area extension. Despite the fact that the forest area has increased since 2008, there are counties that are affected by forest loss caused by outlawed forest cutting and other factors. This calls for improved knowledge and critical spatial planning of the forest area at county level. The aim of this study is to assess the forest area preservation level of Romania’s 41 counties using fuzzy and classical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods. The paper includes inferences regarding the distribution of the illegal forest cutting cases at county level, that link forest management issues with the forest area preservation level. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to weigh factors related to the changes of forest provisions, forest loss and forest regeneration processes, dimensions of forest exploitation and illegal forest cutting cases using forest data referring to 1990-2017. The alternatives are represented by the 41 counties of Romania and are evaluated by the use of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results are integrated with GIS and the choropleth map may serve as a powerful visual and practical tool for identifying the counties with pressing forest loss issues. Results show the counties with the lowest levels of forest area preservation were Argeș, Prahova and Gorj. Harghita, Brăila and Suceava counties recorded the highest levels of forest area preservation. While some of the counties that rank among the least in terms of forest area preservation are also altered by massive illegal forest cutting, there are others that serve as counter-examples. The discrepancies are explained by the provisional character of the illegal forest cutting data. Our study shows significant practical importance, pointing out the administrative units of Romania that need to take urgent action in order to mitigate the problem of forest loss and to better their forest management.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: forest area preservation, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, forest management, illegal forest cutting, Romania.

The Diversity and Diameter Growth Rate of Sprouting-Type Tree in Bukit Pinang-Pinang Forest Permanent Plots

The process of forest regeneration can take place within a certain period of time. Sprouting is a form of strategy for in adapting to its environment for success in regenerating. The Research on the diversity and diameter growth rate of sprouting-type tree in Bukit Pinang-pinang forest permanent plots, West Sumatra was carried out from October 2012 to December 2016 in the forest of Bukit Pinang-Pinang, West Sumatra and Herbarium Department of Biology, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This research was conducted using a survey method by census. The parameters analyzed were plant species composition, Morishita Index, Mann-Whitney test, Regression and Correlation test as well as RDGR (Relative Diameter of Growth Rate). The result of experiment was found 40 species of trees sprouting type in forest permanent plot Bukit Pinang-Pinang. The pattern of sprouting type trees distribution in the study locations was found to have a clustered, random and uniform pattern. Relative Diameter Growth Rate (RDGR) of 40 sprouting types of trees in the Bukit Pinang-Pinang forest permanent plots ranged from 0.003 cm/cm/year to 0.0288 cm/cm/year. Altitude did not affect RDGR of an individual tree sprouting type for 31 years

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DIURNAL DI DESA BUKIT BATU KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

The bird is an indicator for the quality of the environment and has a role in ensuring the passage of tropical forest regeneration process naturally in Indonesia. The bird is one of the animals with the highest diversity in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to examine the diversity of diurnal birds and can be relied upon the efforts of wildlife preservation process. This research method using a combination of methods to calculate point (Point Count) or IPA (Ponctuele d'Abundance Index – Index of abundance at that point) and the method of lines (Transect), observations conducted quietly at some point later noted the encounter against birds, observations using the six-point count/observation station. The whole of the observations was on track (Transect) the length of 1,800 meters. The results of this study that the diurnal bird species diversity in Bukit Batu village Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict Mempawah Regency. Course found 26 species of birds in three diurnal habitat types with a total of 420 individuals. The value of the index of diversity (H ') type on every type of ecosystem is on the secondary, 2.19 swamp forest, shrub swamps 2.32, and dry land farming 2.18. This indicates that each type has the different diversity of habitat.Keyword: Birds, Diurnal, Ecosystems, Indicators and Species diversity