Perceptions Of Procedural Justice Research Articles

Managerial Pro-Social Rule Breaking in the Chinese Organizational Context: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Double-Edged Sword Effect on Employees’ Sustainable Organizational Identification

Managerial Pro-Social Rule Breaking (MPSRB) is a prevalent leadership behavior in China, characterized by conflict between favor and rule. Despite emerging interest in this behavior, two theoretical questions remain unsolved. First, its definition, dimensions, and measurement in the Chinese context are still lacking or improper; second, its double-edged sword effect on employees’ attitude is rarely empirically examined. This paper conducts three studies to solve these questions. In study 1, based on an analysis of the Chinese traditional culture, three dimensions of MPSRB (i.e., benevolence-based, pragmatic-based, and justice-based) were identified. In study 2, a scale of MPSRB containing 12 items was developed through an interview, preliminary, and formal questionnaire survey. In study 3, employees’ sustainable organizational identification perception (SOIDP) was studied as the dependent variable, to analyze and verify the double-edged sword effect of MPSRB by hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) methods on the data gathered through the three stages from 380 employees. The results show that the three dimensions of MPSRB have a direct positive impact on employees’ SOIDP and, simultaneously, they have an indirect negative impact through the mediating role of procedural justice perception.

Extrinsic rewards and creative performance syndrome: The mediating mechanism and interacting effects

Despite the widespread use of extrinsic rewards (ERs) to enhance employees’ creative performance (CP), the debate on the effectiveness of these rewards on employees’ creativity remains inconclusive. The present study, therefore, aims to empirically examine the effect of ERs on CP of employees by taking intrinsic motivation (IM) as an important psychological mediator linking ERs to CP. In addition, this study examines the moderating effects of distributive and procedural organizational justice (OJ) on the ERs-IM relationship, and consequently on CP. Using survey data from 303 employee-supervisor dyads working in the banking industry of Pakistan, our results demonstrate that ERs exert an indirect but significant effect on employees’ CP through IM. Our study supports that ERs have a positive relationship with IM, and consequently with CP, particularly when the perception of distributive and procedural justice is higher. These findings are useful for managers to channelize the creative abilities of employees towards the desired direction through prudent measures and for researchers to have nuance perspective on the above relationships in the context of an emerging market i.e., Pakistan.

Effects of Inter-organizational Justice on Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: A Study on Kuwait Ministries’ Employees

The aim of this article is to model the relationships between three different dimensions of inter-organizational justice (procedural, interactional and distributive) and their influence on five dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (altruism, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue) in public sector organizations. The partial least square (PLS) path method was used to explore the nature of the relationships. The survey was self-administered to 573 employees working in nine different government ministries in Kuwait, with a response rate of 373. The results indicate that employees’ perceptions of interactional justice positively influence their perceptions of procedural justice, distributive justice, altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, courtesy and sportsmanship. In addition, the results showed the perceived interactional justice of employees has an indirect effect on all dimensions of OCBs through their distributive justice perceptions. The results also revealed that interactional justice has only an indirect effect on altruism, sportsmanship, and courtesy through procedural fairness. Directors of public organizations should pay particular attention to offering a higher level of interactive justice that can strongly improve employee perception of distributive and procedural justice. This, in turn, may show high degrees of civic virtue, sportsmanship, altruism, courtesy, and conscience behavior among employees.

Shall We Go Digital or Stay Where We Are?

Recent technological advancements have changed the way in which people communicate in general, and in business and management practices specifically. Digital personnel selection is one of the areas that has dramatic changes recently, where many companies shifting to use digital interviews as a screening tool to assess their job applicants using artificial intelligence rather than human assessors. Yet, limited research had examined applicant reactions to such novel technology or compared it to the video-conference and face-to-face interviews from the applicants’ point of view. This study used a sample of job applicants and assessed their fairness reactions to these procedures. The results showed that applicant favour and perceived face-to-face interviews significantly higher than video-conference and digital interviews. Also, applicants with high procedural justice perceptions were attracted to the organizations using face-to-face and digital interviews, however, their perceptions did not increase their intentions to accept the job offer. The implication for research and practice are discussed. Applicant’s high on openness to experience had a higher rating for process favorability of online interviews, whereas no significant differences were found for digital and face-to-face interviews.

The RIDE study: Effects of body‐worn cameras on public perceptions of police interactions

Research SummaryDuring a brief interaction with motorists (i.e., a sobriety check), this study manipulated officer use (and declaration) of a body‐worn camera (BWC) (present; absent) while documenting participant BWC recollection (correct; incorrect) to assess effects on motorists’ perceptions of the encounter and of police more generally. Results (N = 361) demonstrate that perceptions of procedural justice were more favourable in the BWC‐present condition when the entire sample was included in the analyses, but that this effect was not significant when focusing on the subset of the sample that correctly recollected BWC use (though the pattern of the effect was the same in both analyses).Policy ImplicationsIn combination with results from a handful of similar studies, this study's results suggest that BWCs may be a tool that can be leveraged to enhance public perceptions of encounters with police; however, more research is needed to substantiate this claim. In particular, the development of evidence‐based policy on this matter necessitates continued studies that address issues such as sample imbalances (e.g., gender and minority status), length of the interaction studied (i.e., experimental dosage), and controlling for officer behavior.

Inclusive leadership and work engagement: the mediating role of procedural justice

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between inclusive leadership (IL) and employee work engagement (WE), as well as the mediating effect of procedural justice (PJ) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAn online, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 201 information technology (IT) professionals in Turkey participated in the study. The authors used structural equation modeling to analyze the collected data. The authors then used a series of nested model comparisons to test the hypothesized mediating relationship.FindingsThe outcomes suggest that IL is positively related to PJ while PJ is positively associated with WE. In addition, PJ mediates the relationship between IL and WE.Practical implicationsThe outcomes underline the importance of IL to effectively lead IT professionals. Organizational leaders can cultivate IL by demonstrating openness, availability and accessibility toward their employees and create work environments in which employees’ ideas are valued. Additionally, for employee PJ perceptions, organizations need to ensure that their procedures and policies are transparent and fair in terms of how decisions are made. Moreover, organizations can offer training to their IT managers on IL and PJ topics.Originality/valueThis study adds to the very scarce literature on IL. In addition, to the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study to test the IL and PJ relationship. Furthermore, this is the first study to explore the concept of IL in the Turkish context. Moreover, the findings of this research can be beneficial for future theory development on IL in cross-cultural contexts.

Effect of Manager’s Characteristics on Budget Participation mediated by Perception of Procedural Justice

Objective: To examine the relationship between managerial characteristics, perception of procedural fairness and budget participation.Method: A survey was conducted with 94 managers of large hotels in Brazil. We adopted the technique of Structural Equation Modeling for data analysis, performed in the software SmartPLS version 3.Originality/Relevance: The proposal indicates that decisions taken during the budget process are related to managers’ characteristics. These characteristics influence budget participation and the perception of procedural justice. The relevance of the research is to check the mediation of procedural justice in the relationship between managers’ characteristics and budget participation.Results: The results indicate that managers’ characteristics are directly related to budget participation, and managers' perception of procedural justice is related to budget participation. Also, it has a mediating relationship between managers’ characteristics and budget participation. Based on the findings, it appears that the characteristics of Brazilian hotel managers determine the way managers feel procedurally justified and improve their budget participation.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This paper makes a relevant contribution to the literature on the study theme, as there is still little knowledge of how procedural justice can mediate this relationship between managerial characteristics and budget participation.Social/management contributions: The present research contributes to hotel management because it is a sector characterized by a high level of competition and risk, in which budget efficiency can be one of the key success factors.

The benefits of live court date reminder phone calls during pretrial case processing

The aims of this study are to test the effectiveness of court date reminders on failure to appear (FTA) and to test their effectiveness based on demographics and case characteristics. Randomized controlled trial with four treatment groups: (1) no call; (2) reminder call made 3 days in advance of the appearance; (3) reminder call made the same day of the appearance; and (4) reminder call made both 3 days in advance and the same day. Participants included individuals released before their first appearance (arraignment) for which the provider had a phone number at which to make a reminder attempt. Some demographic information is available (race, sex, and age) and some case characteristics are available (the time from arrest to arraignment, and charges). Using an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, reminders reduced the FTA rate by 37%. The results suggest the timing of the reminders was not important. People of color benefited from the reminders more than white participants. Participants with a longer time between the arrest and the arraignment benefited more than participants with a shorter time between the arrest and arraignment. Court-date reminders may reduce racial disparities in FTA rates. Future research should attempt to include measures of perceptions of procedural justice and other measures of socioeconomic status. The current study is limited by small disparities in intended and attempted treatment, and lack of data on perceptions of procedural justice, and socioeconomic status.

The effect of tax knowledge on relationship of procedural justice perception towards voluntary tax compliance mediated by trust

This research aims to examine the effect of psychology factors toward voluntary tax compliance on personal taxpayers who have a business (MSME) in Malang Raya. Kirchler, Hoelzl, & Wahl (2008) define voluntary tax compliance as the obedience based on the feeling of trust towards the tax authority. This feeling of trust towards tax authority can be created from the procedural justice obtained and felt by the taxpayers. Tax knowledge of taxpayers is also expected to strengthen the effect of perception of procedural justice towards voluntary tax compliance and the trust towards the tax authority. The researcher employed samples of personal taxpayers who have a business (MSME) in Malang Raya through a convenience sampling method. The samples of this research were 405 respondents and were analyzed by using the SEM-PLS method with WarpPLS 6.0. The research results show that procedural justice perception affects the trust towards the authority and voluntary tax compliance, the trust towards the authority also mediates the effect of procedural justice perception towards voluntary tax compliance, but tax knowledge is not proven of strengthening procedural justice perception towards the trust towards the authority and voluntary tax compliance. The result indicates that to increase tax compliance the authority must make sure the fair procedure according to taxpayers. The fair procedure will establish trust in the authority and make taxpayers easier to comply. Tax knowledge doesn’t make the effect stronger because taxpayers only judge to comply according to the easy and simple procedure of tax system

General and specific perceptions of procedural justice: Factors associated with perceptions of police and court responses to domestic and family violence

Improving criminal justice responses to domestic and family violence is a key focus within many policy and practice reforms. The efficacy of police and court responses to domestic and family violence is central because of the role of police as first responders and courts in issuing protection orders, imposing sanctions and ensuring perpetrator cooperation and accountability. To promote compliance and satisfaction with criminal justice outcomes, a large body of research points to the role of procedural justice. This study draws on survey and administrative data from an Australian jurisdiction to examine perceptions of procedural justice in specific domestic and family violence-related encounters. Findings and implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Low Self-control and Legal Cynicism among At-Risk Youth: An Investigation into Direct and Vicarious Police Contact

Objectives:This study explores the nexus between low self-control and legal cynicism among a recent sample of at-risk youth while accounting for various features of direct and vicarious police stops.Methods:Analyses are based on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which employs a national sample of urban-born, at-risk youth.Results:A uniquely potent association between low self-control and legal cynicism emerged across samples with and without exposure to vicarious or direct police stops. Furthermore, among youth exposed to police stops, the link between low self-control and legal cynicism was largely robust to perceptions/features of these stops, including the degree of officer intrusiveness, arrest, perceptions of procedural justice, and youth feelings of social stigma following the stop.Conclusions:Programmatic efforts that both enhance the early development of self-control through mindfulness and curriculum-based interventions (e.g., Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies) and facilitate trauma-informed policing may be beneficial in curtailing the development of legal cynicism.

Understanding citizen satisfaction with the police: results from a community survey

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades, law enforcement has come to value aspects of its role as essential to its crime-fighting capacity, including legitimacy, procedural justice, quality of life matters, and partnership with the community. While evolving law enforcement strategies have improved crime control, many departments still strive to enhance satisfaction among community members while balancing crime control and community-oriented approaches. Citizen satisfaction with police has been found to promote community buy-in and participation in identifying and addressing both criminal and non-criminal matters. Predictors of citizen satisfaction with law enforcement, however, have generally been assessed in larger, urban contexts. This study extends the literature on community-oriented policing approaches and citizen satisfaction by exploring survey results from a mid-sized U.S. city. Aside from demographic factors, levels of satisfaction with police were predicted by citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice, safety, crime, and disorder. Results suggest that police departments attend closely to fostering procedurally just interactions with citizens. Additional implications for scholarship and police practice are included.

Attitudinal Changes Toward Body-Worn Cameras: Perceptions of Cameras, Organizational Justice, and Procedural Justice Among Volunteer and Mandated Officers

Little is known about officer perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs), and whether perceptions change following implementation within their agencies. BWC deployment varies, with some agencies mandating officers to wear BWCs and others using volunteers. Researchers have yet to assess attitudinal differences between volunteers and mandated officers. This study addresses these gaps using data from an evaluation of BWCs in the Phoenix Police Department to examine officer perceptions of the utility of BWCs, perceptions of organizational justice, and support for using procedural justice. We use inverse propensity weighted difference-in-difference models to examine changes in officer perceptions over time between randomly selected officers who were mandated to wear a BWC, BWC volunteers, officers who resisted BWCs, and control officers. We identified limited significant differences in perceptions of BWCs over time, though effect sizes suggest that BWC volunteers and mandated officers were more subdued in their expectations about BWCs at the posttest.

Organizational Justice and the Inclusion of LGBT Federal Employees: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Using Coarsened Exact Matching

Inclusiveness occurs when employees are considered a part of critical organizational processes, which means that they have access to information (including information that may be passed around through informal networks), a connectedness to coworkers, and the ability to participate in and influence the decision-making process. With an organizational justice framework, this study examines the level of inclusion federal lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) employees perceive, compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Using a quasi-experimental method, coarsened exact matching, we find expected differences in perceptions of procedural and informational justice but no perceived differences in distributional justice between LGBT and heterosexual federal employees. The implications of our methodology and findings for the diversity management literature are discussed.

Private security officers’ willingness to cooperate with police: the role of procedural justice

ABSTRACT Private security officers perform a variety of services that ensure citizens’ safety and security. While some of their functions mirror those of public police officers’ responsibilities, security officers often work with limited power and authority comparable to those of ordinary citizens. Consequently, security officers primarily engage in loss prevention and order maintenance and play a secondary role in crime prevention, which requires contacting the police for further assistance and completion of their duties. Thus, the factors that affect private security officers’ willingness to work and cooperate with police warrants investigation, especially in an era of growing private security industry and increasing demand for safety and security. In this research, the authors examine a convenience sample of private security officers and the predictors of their willingness to cooperate with police officers. Particularly, the extent to which perceived police procedural justice impacts security officers’ opinions of police legitimacy as well as willingness to cooperate with police is investigated. The results show that the perceptions of police procedural justice have both direct and indirect effects on private security officers’ willingness to cooperate, and implications for research and practice are discussed based on the findings.

Developing relationship quality in economy hotels: the role of perceived justice, service quality, and commercial friendship

ABSTRACT With a paradigm shift to relationship marketing, how to build high-quality relationships between customers and firms has become a key for companies, particularly hospitality companies to achieve success. Other than the well-documented antecedent of service quality, this study provides an integrated model that investigates the development of high-quality relationships between customers and the firm from a social perspective by incorporating perceived fairness and interpersonal relationship between customers and employees, i.e. commercial friendship into the model. Moreover, acknowledging a scarcity of academic investigation of the economy hotel sector despite its increasing significance in China, this study collected data from economy hotels in various regions of China. The empirical results of this study provide insightful implications for both scholars and practitioners. Findings clearly suggest that customers’ perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice contribute to the evaluation of service quality and the development of commercial friendship, which ultimately results in higher relationship quality.

Veteran Treatment Court Clients’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Recidivism

Studies surrounding the effectiveness of veterans’ treatment courts (VTCs) are now emerging. Absent from this scholarship is an examination of the presence of procedural justice within VTCs and the influence of procedural justice on future criminal behavior of VTC clients. To begin this dialogue, this study surveys 41 clients enrolled in two VTCs in a Southern state. We explore client perceptions of procedurally just treatment by their judge and assigned supervision officer. Using an average follow-up time of 20 months, this study also examines the effects of perceptions of procedural justice on recidivism of court clients. Results find VTC clients perceive their judge and supervision officer treat them in a procedurally just manner. Interestingly, perceptions of procedural justice during interactions did not result in reduced recidivism among the current sample. Policy and program implications along with recommendations for future research are provided.

Do Perceptions of Legitimacy and Fairness Matter in Prison? Examining How Procedural and Distributive Justice Relate to Misconduct

Recent scholarship suggests disciplinary protocols and incarcerated individuals’ perceptions of procedural justice toward correctional officers may be important in influencing one’s behavior and prison order. This study provides an examination of procedural and distributive justice in prison. We surveyed a stratified random sample of 144 respondents incarcerated in Maine state prisons about their perceptions toward the disciplinary process and corrections officers to assess the relationship between such views and patterns of institutional misconduct. Findings provide partial support for the procedural justice perspective in prison. Normative perceptions (e.g., legitimacy) are positively associated with voluntary deference measures while instrumental perceptions of officer effectiveness in controlling behavior are positively associated with respondent perceived risk. These results supply insight into theory development related to voluntary deference. Similarly, these findings can inform which relationships between officers and respondents may hold the potential to promote rule compliance and prison order.

The Stigma of Addiction and Effects on Community Perceptions of Procedural Justice in Drug Treatment Courts

We present a series of four between-subject, multifactorial experiments that examine how labeling offenders with addiction, as well as if that psychiatric label is described to be biologically influenced, may affect community perceptions regarding the importance of procedural justice in drug treatment courts. Stigmatization toward addiction is hypothesized to moderate community views on procedural justice. Labeling with addiction garnered nonsignificant effects on community perceptions of the importance of procedural justice in drug treatment courts. Yet, patterns of moderation analyses indicated that participants with higher degrees of stigmatization toward an offender with addiction, and particularly if that psychiatric label was also described to be biologically influenced, rated the importance of offenders experiencing aspects of procedural justice as significantly higher. Higher degrees of public stigmatization associated with the “brain disease model” of addiction appear to coexist with increased community support for offenders with such labels experiencing increased procedural justice and fairness.

Perceptions of procedural justice and coercion among forensic psychiatric patients: a study protocol for a prospective, mixed-methods investigation

BackgroundThe risk and recovery paradigms are the dominant frameworks informing forensic mental health services and have been the focus of increasing research interest. Despite this, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the nature of mental health recovery in forensic settings (i.e., ‘secure recovery’), and specifically, the key elements of recovery as perceived by forensic patients and their treatment providers. Importantly, we know little about how patients perceive the forensic mental health system, to what extent they see it as fair and legitimate, and how these perceptions impact upon treatment engagement, risk for adversity, and progress in recovery.MethodsIn this prospective, mixed-methods study, we investigate patient perceptions of procedural justice and coercion within the context of the forensic mental health system in Ontario, Canada (final N = 120 forensic patients and their primary care providers). We elicit patient self-assessments of risk and progress in recovery, and assess the degree of concordance with clinician-rated estimates of these constructs. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to assess the degree to which patient perceptions of coercion, fairness and legitimacy impact upon their level of treatment engagement, risk for adversity and progress in recovery. A prospective, two-year follow-up will investigate the impact of patient and clinician perspectives on outcomes in the domains of forensic hospital readmission, criminal reoffending, and rate of progress through the forensic system.DiscussionResults from this mixed-methods study will yield a rich and detailed account of patient perceptions of the forensic mental health system, and specifically whether perceptions of procedural fairness, justice and legitimacy, as well as perceived coercion, systematically influence patients’ risk for adversity, their ability to progress in their recovery, and ultimately, advance through the forensic system towards successful community living. Findings will provide conceptual clarity to the key elements of secure recovery, and illuminate areas of similarity and divergence with respect to how patients and clinicians assess risk and recovery needs. In doing so, knowledge from this study will provide a deep understanding of factors that promote patient safety and recovery, and provide a foundation for optimizing the forensic mental health system to improve patient outcomes.