Problems Of Gerontology Research Articles

Life style and problems of elderly people in Uzbekistan

The article deals with one of the main problems of gerontology and sociology. It is, in particular, about social activity of elderly people, motives and factors that induce them to social activity, as well as spheres in which their social activity is manifested. The statistical data of the Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the data obtained on the basis of sociological research conducted under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) Population Fund are analyzed. In addition, the author of the article reveals the nuances of the lifestyle of older people in Uzbekistan, shedding light on the unique challenges they face and the opportunities that lie ahead. As the demographic landscape around the world is undergoing significant changes, Uzbekistan is no exception, taking steps to combat the aging population. The study uses a multidimensional approach to comprehensively analyze the socioeconomic, health and cultural aspects that shape the lives of older people in this Central Asian country. Relying on a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the study reflects the multifaceted challenges faced by the older population. Economic constraints, access to health care and social isolation emerge as key themes with implications for their overall well-being. In addition, the article explores the cultural dynamics affecting the lifestyles of the elderly, traditional family structures, social relationships, and the process of how urbanization affects their daily lives. By bridging the gap between academic research and practical implications, the article contributes to a better understanding of the complex issues surrounding the livelihoods of the elderly population in Uzbekistan. The author offers insights that can help in policy implementation in close collaboration with the community.

Domestic researchers who have made important contributions to the study of digestive system diseases: images in art. Mykola Dmytrovych Strazhesko

In his doctoral thesis, young M. D. Strazhesko described a number of important physiological patterns in the activity of the dog’s intestines. M. D. Strazhesko was one of the first authors in world literature to present information about the nature of the juice in different parts of the colon, especially in the caecum. At the same time, his attention was drawn to another new question about the specific sensitivity of the intestinal mucosa. «The specific sensitivity of the mucous membrane at the end of the small intestine is very different from the sensitivity of the mucous membrane in the large intestine», he noted. «While the mucosa of the former has a very high sensitivity, the mucosa of the colon is not very sensitive».
 M. D. Strazhesko described the symptom complex of the mobile caecum and the observation of hemorrhagic pancreatitis with a retroperitoneal abscess, which was common at that time.
 The well‑known clinical manual «Fundamentals of Physical Diagnosis of Abdominal Diseases», which went through four editions, was published. In this manual, a separate lecture is devoted to the study of the pancreas. M. D. Strazhesko described in detail the technique of abdominal examination and percussion, palpation of the pancreas, pain zones and spots, and the interpretation of the X‑ray examination results in its pathology.
 In 1924, V. P. Obraztsov’s monograph «Diseases of the Stomach, Intestines, and Peritoneum» was published, in which some chapters were completed by M. D. Strazhesko. After that, in the years 1927 and 1928, he wrote monographs about the clinical picture of colitis and peptic ulcer. With his great observation skills as a thoughtful clinician, M. D. Strazhesko described the intravital diagnosis of occlusion of the right branch of the portal vein (1934).
 The breadth of scientific interests of M. D. Strazhesko was truly extraordinary. In addition to research in gastroenterology and cardiology, he fruitfully studied the peculiarities of the clinical course of infectious diseases and metabolic disorders, diseases of the respiratory and urinary organs, problems of gerontology, fatigue, shock, and clinical hematology. On his initiative, the Ukrainian Institute of Clinical Medicine was created. Physiological orientation dominated all the works of the institute.
 M. D. Strazhesko published more than 200 works. He devoted a number of articles to the history of medicine, the role of outstanding medical figures. A great merit of Mykola Dmytrovych was his popularization activity. He is known not only as a lecturer covering general medical topics, but also as the author of more than 20 articles published in newspapers and non‑medical journals. His organizational skills also gained general recognition. He created a clinical school. Under his supervision, 18 candidate theses were completed. Mykola Dmytrovych was the scientific supervisor of 17 doctoral students. Two of his students — B. X. Vasylenko and D. F. Chebotaryov became academicians of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR

Effect of Caloric Restriction on Aging: Fixing the Problems of Nutrient Sensing in Postmitotic Cells?

The review discusses the role of metabolic disorders (in particular, insulin resistance) in the development of age-related diseases and normal aging with special emphasis on the changes in postmitotic cells of higher organisms. Caloric restriction helps to prevent such metabolic disorders, which could probably explain its ability to prolong the lifespan of laboratory animals. Maintaining metabolic homeostasis is especially important for the highly differentiated long-lived body cells, whose lifespan is comparable to the lifespan of the organism itself. Normal functioning of these cells can be ensured only upon correct functioning of the cytoplasm clean-up system and availability of all required nutrients and energy sources. One of the central problems in gerontology is the age-related disruption of glucose metabolism leading to obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other related pathologies. Along with the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles are the main consumers of insulin; hence the physical activity of muscles, which supports their energy metabolism, delays the onset of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance disrupts the metabolism of cardiomyocytes, so that they fail to utilize the nutrients to perform their functions even being surrounded by a nutrient-rich environment, which contributes to the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic pathologies also alter the nutrient sensitivity of neurons, thus disrupting the action of insulin in the central nervous system. In addition, there is evidence that neurons can develop insulin resistance as well. It has been suggested that affecting nutritional sensors (e.g., AMPK) in postmitotic cells might improve the state of the entire multicellular organism, slow down its aging, and increase the lifespan.

Болезнь Альцгеймера и искусственный интеллект: долговременная персонифицированная реабилитация и медико-социальное сопровождение

Modern technologies and tools for the rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have many potential applications for the treatment of dementia from diagnosis and evaluation to medical care, medical, social and economic support: from healthy aging, to accelerated and pathological aging of Homo sapiens. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Systems biology, Biophysics, physiology, neurophysiology and highlight the multidimensional and combinatorial profiles of genetic, biological, pathophysiological and clinical biomarkers that reflects the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration, by means of modern efficient analysis tools to register and create comprehensive maps of the brain and recording of dynamic models in different systems: from molecules to neurons to brain regions. Bioinformatics, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of systems are aimed at calculating neural network models of the relationship between structure and dynamic function in brain networks. Structural and functional markers of the brain establish a link between clinical phenotypes and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. Phenotypic variability is now considered one of the biggest problems in gerontology and geriatrics. MRI imaging to detect subtle changes in brain tissue and structure, fMRI imaging to measure changes in brain activity, and EEG to measure electrical activity have given clinicians many new insights into what happens in the brain in healthy and pathological aging. The paradigm of system neurophysiology is aimed at studying the fundamental principles of functioning of integrated neural systems through the integration and analysis of neural information recorded in a multimodal way (for example, fMRI and EEG), through computational modeling and combining data mining methods. The ultimate goal of systemic neurophysiology is to find out how signals are represented in neocortical networks and what role many different neural components play. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo sapiens.

THE GSA PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM — STRENGTH IN AGE: HARNESSING THE POWER OF NETWORKS

GSA is a network of disciplinary components each of which is a network composed of members. This large system possesses powerful emergent properties that are realized at many interdisciplinary interfaces. The GSA Presidential Symposium mirrors this by bringing together rapporteurs from our disciplinary presidential symposia who will summarize the major findings of these symposia. The Behavioral and Social Sciences presidential symposium explores the use of social networking by aging adults, the media and technologies utilized, and the impact of these trends on health and well-being. The Biological Sciences presidential symposium examines multiple layers of biological networks as predictors of systemic aging. The Social Research Policy and Practice presidential symposium dissects the reciprocal relationship between broad environmental contexts and social networks throughout life and ways in which this relationship can be used to optimize the aging experience. The Health Sciences presidential symposium reports on the improvement of perioperative care of older adults achieved through harnessing the partnership and collaboration of all disciplines involved in this care. The Academy of Gerontology in Higher Education presidential symposium discusses ongoing initiatives that build networks to shape age-friendly programs and policies at universities, international collaborations, and competency-based gerontology education. The Humanities and Arts presidential symposium investigates the synergy between museums and aging, both of which are represented as networks. A discussion between the presidential symposia rapporteurs with audience participation will ensue to identify common, overarching themes and to spark approaches to important, interdisciplinary problems in gerontology. • Kelly Niles-Yokum, Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education, Education Networks: Strengthening of Gerontology and Geriatrics through Connectivity • Kristine J. Ajrouch, Behavioral and Social Sciences Section, The Ties That Bind: The Influence of Social Media and Technology in the Lives of Older Adults • George L. Sutphin, Biological Sciences Section, Expanding the Geroscience Network • Luigi Ferrucci, Health Sciences Section, Optimizing Surgical Care for All Older Adults • Kate de Medeiros, Humanities and Arts Committee, Museums and Aging: Novel Network Opportunities to Support Optimal Aging • Emily Greenfield, Social Research Policy and Practice Section, Harnessing Social Networks to Optimize Environmental Contexts for Diverse Aging Experiences

The personalized medicine and organization of geriatric care of population

The article presents advisability of applying approaches of personalized medicine to solve problems of modern gerontology and geriatrics. The actuality of issue is conditioned by population aging due to rapid increasing of both percentage and absolute number of elderly people in total population of most countries. The ideology of personalized medicine or P4 medicine is targeted to developing individual preventive and therapeutic activities for specific personality. The fundamental basis of developing personalized medicine is ensured by biomarkers, specific for every patient and certain disease. The elderly people health is characterized by increased susceptibility to diseases, polymorbidity and heterogeneity in health status. The solution of actual problems in gerontology and geriatrics improvement of basic principles of health care is needed with an emphasis on prognostication, prevention and personalized approach applied to elderly patients with the purpose of ameliorating their quality of life. The development and promotion of complex inter-disciplinary programs of personalized treatment of elderly patients is required.

VITAL INVOLVEMENT: A LENS FOR EXPLORING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF GERONTOLOGICAL AI INTERVENTIONS

As described by Erikson et al, Vital Involvement (VI) constitutes both an individual’s meaningful engagement with the environment outside the self, and the essential dynamic that catalyzes an entire life cycle of thematic psychosocial development. In these terms, AI interventions, in general, may be ideally conceptualized as new environmental supports that help elders compensate for existing frailties and disabilities, to maintain healthy individual VI. ECA’s are presented as an intriguing remedy for gerontological problems associated with grief, attachment, loneliness, and isolation. We can understand these problems as reflecting imbalances in the three Eriksonian themes of Trust & Mistrust, Autonomy & Shame/Doubt, and Intimacy & Isolation. This presentation explores elder interaction with Embodied Conversation Agents in terms of these psychosocial themes, posing questions about potential benefits, liabilities, and implications for individual VI and societal ethics.

Topical Problems in Gerontology

Abstract—Currently, gerontology is changing its priorities. If yesterday the main was search for biological mechanisms of aging (independent work of gerontologists), that today the problems of practical application of the acquired knowledge for target purposes come to the fore deceleration of human aging (joint work of gerontologists and geriatricians). To do this, it is necessary to develop common views on the fundamental concepts and ideas about the aging process and to begin gerontological analysis of population changes in the historical dynamics of life expectancy and causes of death in developed countries. The major basic concepts revealed by the analysis of the population mechanisms that underlie the slowing of aging in Finland during the 1970–2011 period are considered.

Comprehensive Approach for Managing the Older Person with Diabetes Mellitus.

Care of the elderly population with diabetes may not be restricted to the management of hyperglycemia, associated risk factors, and specific diabetic complications. An integrated approach should also include the assessment and management of gerontological problems. Both diabetes mellitus and aging interact toward the direction of the increased incidence of geriatric syndromes. Education is a common element of both diabetes control and geriatric syndrome care. However, it has been perceived that conventional education programs for diabetics are not as effective for the elderly. We have designed geriatric reinforced education (GRE) for application in older diabetics with geriatric syndromes. We observed that the application of GRE improved the glucose control and the status of geriatric syndromes in older adults with diabetes. In summary, in terms of integrating the care of coexisting diabetes and geriatric problems, GRE may be a beneficial tool for the management of older adults with diabetes.

Вегетативная нервная система и функциональная асимметрия в геронтологии (обзор литературы)

To solve the problems of gerontology this review presents the detailed description of the choices of the many signs as the most significant for the assessment of functional systems of the organism. The authors have justified the expediency to abandon the deterministic and stochastic approaches to complex systems - complexity. The possibilities of chaos theory and self-organization systems have been described in detail. The review provides a description of the capabilities of nano-emulsion, neuro-computing, method of calculation quasi-attractors for the solution of problems of system synthesis to identify order parameters. The authors presented data on the use of these methods for different age groups of women Khanty living in the North of Russia. The necessity to increase the number of iterations (settings) neuro-motor to increase the precision of separation of the samples was established. The authors proposed to implement the methods of chaos theory and self-organization in the practice of gerontology.

The genetic certificate is the basic contributor to active longevity and long lifespan

A genetic certificate is a DNA database reflecting the specific features of a personal genome. The review considers the concept of individual genetic certificates and their significance for prolongation of active longevity and for paving the way to the longest possible lifespan. The involvement of the biological clock and weak link genes in aging processes in human beings is outlined. The significance of genetic tests for allelic polymorphisms and marker genes associated with common multifactorial disorders is stressed. Special attention is paid to the Genome Wide Association Studies technology implemented for analysis of genetic profiles and candidate genes associated with common diseases. Relevant scientific problems are discussed, as well as the public interest in creation of personalized DNA databanks (genetic certificates) for pregnant women, children, athletes, etc. The relationship of the genetic certificate concept to the current international Personal Genome Project is highlighted. The prospects of the introduction of genetic certificates into medical practice are discussed in the context of gerontological problems.

The aging male in the Old Testament

According to the first books of the Old Testament – namely the Pentateuch – the antediluvian and postdiluvian patriarchs lived for hundreds of years having sons and daughters until the end oftheir exceptionally long lives. These unbelievable statements can be explained only if the particular character of the biblical chronologies is considered. The continence of David and the behavior of Solomonand of some of the 'judges of the people' pose very interesting historical, cultural and gerontological problems.

Genetics of survival.

The fields of gerontology and genetics have merged, spawning novel lines of investigation and generating a wealth of new results in recent years. However, the lack of clarity and consistency in the basic definitions upon which the science of gerontology must rest has fostered a certain amount of enduring confusion. Among the unclear issues are the genetic components of life span and the distinction between "normal" and "pathologic" aging. At a time of massive world population aging, such issues have, beyond their scientific importance, a momentous social and economic impact. A simple axiomatic framework, consisting of three definitions and five axioms, is proposed that clarifies the aforementioned issues and reconciles disparate data in gerontology. Based on this framework, a new classification of genes involved in survival is proposed. Within the Compensatory Adaptation Theory of aging, apparent paradoxes are solved and problems in gerontology may be formulated anew.

Characteristics of Self-Esteem in Old Age

Interest in the gerontological problems of the science of man has increased considerably in recent years. In the interval between 1972 and 1982 alone, several thousand articles and books were published on gerontology worldwide. Such a steady interest is no coincidence, but has to do with the phenomenon of "demographic aging," which is characteristic of the present stage in human history. Changes in the age structure of the population confront society with a multitude of questions, psychological ones included: What occupies the inner world of the aging person? Is there anything specific at this age compared with preceding age periods, and if so, what is it? Such questions are dictated primarily by practice, for answers to them will give us some idea of personal status and life-style in old age, which, in turn, will enable us to improve them if possible—not simply to prolong life, but to keep it as full and active as possible. But these questions are also important theoretically, for example, in analyzing the development of the personality over the age cycle because, without an understanding of the distinctive features of old age, we cannot fully appreciate the process of development of the personality, its changes, and its dynamics. According to the apt comment of B.G. Anan'ev (1972), both aging and old age are intimately intertwined with the entire history of the subject's individual development; they are not just stages in this development, but its end results.

The History of Psychogerontology in Russian Science

The separation, in the 1960s, of gerontology in the USSR into psychogerontology, social gerontology, and gerontohygiene was the result of long development of various aspects of study of the problem of old age and longevity in domestic science. Analysis of publications in the scientific literature, beginning with the 19th century in Russia, shows that psychological problems of gerontology have been reflected in many Russian philosophical, general biological, and medical studies. It is obvious mat psychogerontology has become a domain of knowledge in its own right at the interface among gerontology, psychology, and mental health, which in turn have developed within the framework of various sciences—philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, and others. Hence, it is necessary to trace the interdisciplinary connections in the genesis of psychological knowledge of old age in Russia.

Geriatric Cardiology: Principles and Practice

This is a comprehensive treatise emphasizing fundamentals of the aging heart. The authors, experts in the field, have adroitly used their experience and given detailed, meaningful information in 35 well-written and well-documented chapters. The basic problems of gerontology—that is, separating normal aging from abnormal or pathological aging and defining the facets of illness resulting from aging—are masterfully presented by Powell in chapter 2. Basically, evaluation of the older patient takes into account his birth certificate, which is not the best indicator for predicting morbidity and mortality. "Elderly people, so readily defined as the over 65's, are commonly regarded as a homogenous group. This is biological, psychological and sociological nonsense," writes Powell. His view raises the unsolved problem—who is old and what are the stages of old age? Such questions remain to be answered by painstaking extensive research. Aging is a general term, not always related to the particular individual. Recent

Is gerontology a branch of astrology? The role of advanced age in scientific explanation

Although gerontologists have been troubled by meta-scientific problems such as the proper definition of their discipline, the nature of time and age, and the lack of a nonarbitrary distinction between the old and the not old [e.g., Baltes & Goulet (1970) In Life-span developmental psychology (pp. 4–23). New York: Academic Press; Birren (1959) In Handbook of aging and the individual (pp. 3–42). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; McKee (1982) Philosophical foundations of gerontology. New York: Human Sciences Press; Reese & Overton (1970) In Life-span developmental psychology (pp. 116–149). New York: Academic Press; Wohlwill (1970) Psychological Review, 77, 49–647], philosophers of science have paid little attention to the meta-scientific problems of gerontology. In this paper some philosophical problems in gerontology are examined through an analysis of the nature of scientific explanation. An argument is presented that claims that gerontology avoids many of the meta-scientific problems associated with time and advanced chronological age because these terms will tend to be obviated or “screened off” in scientific explanations in gerontology.

Aging and Ethics: Philosophical Problems in Gerontology

Introduction. The Aging Individual. The Meaning of Life. The Meaning of Life and the Meaning of Old Age. Oedipus and the Meaning of Aging: Personal Reflections and Historical Perspectives. Recovering the Body in Aging. Aging and Filial Responsibility. The Aging Society as a Context of Family Life. What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? Families as Caregivers: The Limits of Morality. Health Care Decision Making. Rethinking Family Loyalties. The Role of Intimate Others in Medical Decision Making. Distributive Justice in an Aging Society. Limiting Health Care for the Old. A Lifespan Approach to Health Care. Old Age and the Rationing of Scarce Health Care Resources. Appeals to Nature in Theories of Age Group Justice. Paying the Real Costs of Lifesaving. Intent and Actuality. Philosophical Reflections on Aging and Death. Resentment and the Rights of the Elderly. Ancient Myth and Modern Medicine: Lessons from Baucis and Philemon. The Meaning of Temporality in Old Age. The Absurd. Index.

Aging and ethics: philosophical problems in gerontology

Aging and ethics: philosophical problems in gerontology

Aging and Ethics: Philosophical Problems in Gerontology

It is hard to dislike a book that begins with a chapter entitled "Meaning of Life" (didn't Monty Python cover that?) and ends 20 authors and 17 chapters later with "if... there is no reason to believe that anything matters, then that does not matter either, and we can approach our absurd lives with irony instead of heroism or despair." In fact, I don't dislike it. Between the oddball beginning and end, this work deals seriously with urgent questions related to health care for elderly persons. The section titles give a sense of where the book is going: "The Aging Individual," "Aging and Filial Responsibility," "Distributive Justice in an Aging Society," and "Philosophical Reflections on Aging and Death." Most authors are philosophers; a few represent the health sciences. The introductory chapters are interesting but long and somewhat tangential. However, a piece by Sally Gadow on the meaning of frailty stands