Problematic Elements Research Articles

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE TAKING AND THE SELF IN ONLINE COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS

ABSTRACT This article investigates how members of an online community engaged in historical perspective taking in their discussions of the events and figures portrayed in a historical television show. As a means to justify their interpretations and situate themselves inside the possible mindsets of historical figures, members drew on three aspects of the “self” in their practices: the experience-self, the identity-self, and the abstract-self. Members challenged one another’s views and provided counterarguments to support challenges to their perspectives, while simultaneously failing to acknowledge the problematic elements sometimes inherent in their views. This article extends the literature on perspective taking, content analysis, and historical interpretation in community discussions.

АNALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FORECASTING OF INFLUENCE OF ERGONOMICS OF DENTISTS WORK ON THE RESULT OF ENDONTIC TREATMENT

Abstract. The ergonomic aspect of work is one of the keys to the daily practice of a dentist. In-depth study and development of ways to optimize the basic ergonomic principles of work, monitoring the dynamics of implementation and, if necessary, the possibility of their correction is an important scientific and practical issue that can increase the level of dental care.
 The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the ergonomic components of the work of dentists and the outcome of endodontic treatment and the risk of errors in the treatment of root canals with software.
 Materials and methods: target research methods Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (for the upper extremities) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (for the whole body of the dentist), StatPlus Pro software, X-ray examination. Simulation of changes in the position of individual components of the musculoskeletal system during the treatment of root canals and the accompanying analysis of the obtained numerical parameters of these changes were performed using adapted software Tecnomatix Jack (Siemens).
 Results and discussion. Each stage of the dentist's work cycle during endodontic interventions was stratified in the form of segmented scenarios, which were compared with video monitoring data to ensure a sufficient level of approximation; then separated the facts of deviations from the ergonomically-reasoned position of the body of the dentist, taking into account the recurrence of their occurrence and providing an interpretation of the results in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the observed deviations.
 Based on the data of systematization of the main deviations of individual elements of the musculoskeletal system and the body of the dentist as a whole from the ergonomic-reasoned ranges, first corrected the most critical violations in the digital environment and re-test according to RULA and REBA organization of the work process. Systematization of data of the regression analysis, it is possible to note characteristic feature of decrease in the frequency of registration of the cases of the mistakes made during endodontic treatment of all groups of teeth, at the achievement of the highest values of RULA and REBA indicators.
 According to the results of modeling and theoretical justification of the implementation of the necessary ergonomic changes for each of the dentists of the study, the sample formulated a set of individual recommendations, the implementation of which in the workflow helped increase the effectiveness of endodontic interventions and reduce the number of errors.
 Conclusions. Modeling the main patterns of changes in the working position of dentists during root canal treatment and analysis of such in the structure of the digital environment according to the data, promotes targeted identification of problematic elements of the workflow in terms of compliance with ergonomic criteria and specifics of their changes, the possible fact of using optically magnifying equipment, work with rotary and manual types of endodontic instruments.
 The proposed approach to the optimization of endodontic treatment in terms of compliance with relevant ergonomic criteria is individual-specific, and the systematization of general characteristics, which were registered among the entire sample, will help expand the integrated system of improving the quality and efficiency of dental care in its structure.
 Prospects for further research. Evaluation of the practical significance and actual feasibility of using the approach of discrete-event modeling of triangulation relations to optimize the ergonomic components of the work process during endodontic treatment.

Keeping sight of the big picture: a critical response to Ofsted’s 2021 Curriculum Research Review for languages

ABSTRACT This article offers a critical perspective on Ofsted's (2021) Curriculum Research Review for Languages (OCRR). Whilst the OCRR contains much that we would agree with (including its underpinning principle of drawing on research evidence to inform policy and pedagogy), we are nevertheless concerned that it could result in unintended negative effects on both teachers and learners of modern languages. We believe that any problematic elements of the OCRR will be amplified by the powerful status of the organisation whose name it bears. Overall, we think there is a danger that the OCRR could lead teachers to focus too heavily on individual building blocks in the early stages of language learning, and thus lose sight of the ‘bigger picture'. We also disagree with some of the OCRR's specific recommendations, which, we argue, do not seem to be based on sufficiently rigorous or extensive evidence. We suggest that other ‘pillars' may also be important in supporting the edifice of language proficiency, including strategic competence and intercultural understanding. Further, we argue that the OCRR fails to reflect recent technological advances which have transformed the language learning environment. Finally, we argue for the crucial importance of teachers’ professional judgment in determining the most appropriate instructional approaches for a given classroom on a given occasion. Addressing these concerns, our article discusses the following topics: (1) the importance of communication in modern language learning; (2) the development of communication strategies; (3) the potential impact on target language teaching; (4) the position of culture in language learning; (5) the role of challenging texts, spoken and written; (6) the role of technology; (7) the nature of teacher professionalism; and (8) the evidence base on which the OCRR explicitly draws in making its recommendations.

Translated Nation: Rewriting the Dakhóta Oyáte by Christopher Pexa

Reviewed by: Translated Nation: Rewriting the Dakhóta Oyáte by Christopher Pexa David J. Carlson (bio) Translated Nation: Rewriting the Dakhóta Oyáte by Christopher Pexa University of Minnesota Press, 2019 IN TRANSLATED NATION, Christopher Pexa makes a substantial contribution to the growing body of scholarship focused on the work of Indigenous intellectuals active during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—a period when tribal communities were under extraordinary pressure from the settler-colonial state and consequently framed by many as the nadir of tribal nationhood in the United States. While certainly acknowledging the potency of U.S. colonial discourse and institutions at this time, Pexa's tribal-centric study instead emphasizes Dakhóta resistance, highlighting forms of that resistance generally overlooked by previous scholars. Pexa's specific focus is on the ethos of thióšpaye (extended family), the "core relational [philosophy]" that shapes Dakhóta life (xi). He explores the ways that figures ranging from Charles Eastman to Ella Deloria encoded and bore subtle witness to that ethos within works that might first seem (especially to non-Indigenous readers) to be essentially assimilationist. And while other scholars have emphasized the existence of various rhetorics of resistance in Indigenous writing from this period (including in the work of some of the authors treated here), Pexa's deeply informed readings and his explorations of a rich and coherent tradition of Dakhóta survivance set Translated Nation apart as an exceptionally valuable study in the field. Pexa dialogically structures his exploration of what he variously refers to as "cultural camouflage" or "rusing accommodation," weaving together literary analysis, autobiographical reflection, and conversational interludes with his own Dakhóta relations (1, 4). Perhaps it would be better to say that he organizes Translated Nation relationally, highlighting how Indigenous peoplehood, in a Dakhóta context, challenges artificial, colonial boundaries between ways of knowing, discursive contexts, periods, and physical space. Pexa finds evidence of the persistent assertion of thióšpaye ethics in such diverse locations as the carceral writings of Dakhóta citizens held at Fort Snelling after the 1862 U.S.-Dakhóta War, Charles Eastman's retellings of traditional stories in Red Hunters and the Animal People (1904), the horse [End Page 160] dance portion of Black Elk's great vision (as recorded in the original transcripts), Ella Deloria's ethnographic novel Waterlily (written in the 1940s), and contemporary family reflections on the deep links between place, narrative, and identity. In each of these examples, Pexa develops his central claim: while Dakhóta expression may at first seem co-opted and fully legible from a colonial perspective, it is in fact dual voiced, "translat[ing] and re-working settler state mandates" into Indigenous understandings of kinship and relation (148). Translated Nation thus becomes a chronicle of what Pexa calls "unheroic decolonialisms," a term intended not to diminish the significance of these subtle forms of resistance but rather to highlight the importance of appreciating nonindividualistic forms of revolt not typically privileged in the settler-colonial worldview (147). In his account, the endurance of the Dakhóta people becomes a function less of periodic instances of exceptional activism (valuable as those may be) but rather of steady and persistent "caretaking" (235). In summarizing Pexa's core argument as I have here, it is not my intention to imply that Translated Nation overlooks the more equivocal aspects of some of the performances of personal and collective identity by its principal objects of study. Pexa's readings are never one-sided, and his critical discussions are always well grounded in current Indigenous studies scholarship. There are many examples of this care throughout the book. Pexa thoughtfully marks places where the conventionality of Ella Deloria's gender politics potentially conflicts with other aspects of her encoding of thióšpaye ethics. Elsewhere, he engages with some of the problematic elements of Black Elk's iconicity and popular reception. Perhaps considering the tremendous scope (and tonal variation) of Eastman's writings, one might have hoped that Pexa would consider a broader range of texts in that particular chapter (though it seems clear why, in the context of his argument, he made his specific selections). Pushing such a quibble...

Clash Cost Analysis in Electrical Installations Based on BIM Technologies

One of the core features of delivering a Building Information Modelling (BIM) project is design coordination and clash detection. In the traditional way of conducting investments, the design process consists in the separate work of individual industry specialists on an individual part of the project and checking its compliance with coordination checkpoints. Building information modelling/management is emerging as an innovative way to virtually design and manage projects. Clashes are one of the most problematic elements in construction. They can interfere in the decision-making process by generating unexpected costs of additional materials, work and actions. The purpose of the following paper is to analyze the impact of BIM on limiting cost of clashes and also to check how clashes affect the unforeseen costs of a construction investment and how the BIM methodology can help to reduce them, especially in electrical installations. Basic construction collisions with algorithms of their solutions were presented. The possible financial benefits associated with the use of the BIM approach have been described using mathematical relationships.

Towards a Complex Theory of Writing: The Case of Aztec and Mixtec Codices

The aim of this paper is to propose the elements of a new theory of writing and writing systems. It concentrates on the decades-long controversy about whether to consider the highly pictorial communication system present in Aztec, Mixtec and other non-Maya Mesoamerican pictorial codices as writing. After exposing the history of this controversy and the problematic elements in contemporary grammatological and semasiographic visions, I propose to treat Aztec and Mixtec writing as complex systems which depict language through bottom-up strategies (logograms and/or syllabograms, which are signs that try to represent the morphological and phonological levels of language), and top-down strategies (pictography, which is a semantic depiction aided by contextual inferences grounded in pragmatics), strategies that roughly correspond to the bottom-up and top-down language processing operations. Based on this idea, I propose that semiotic writing strategies are possible, and that writing should not be seen as a mere surrogate of phonetics: this vision could solve the long-standing question of why writing systems that developed phoneticism seem to start in a non-phonetic stage that is still treated, in an unclear way, as ‘proto-writing’.

Special Report: Be Prepared to Address Technological Addictions in Psychiatric Practice

Special Report: Be Prepared to Address Technological Addictions in Psychiatric Practice

The Perspectives of English Teachers Toward Writing Education, as well as the Obstacles they Encounter

Many ESL teachers find it difficult to build their students’ linguistic competency, which makes teaching one of the most productive talents in the English language. The main objective of the study is to investigate the difficulties that ESL teachers have while attempting to teach writing skills to students in university settings. According to the findings of this study, art faculty professors at the university level are experiencing difficulties. Teachers’ concerns regarding teaching writing skills were gathered using questionnaires, which were administered by the researcher. It was decided to adopt a descriptive approach to report the issues that instructors experienced when teaching writing skills to their students. There were a total of 12 questions on the questionnaire. It was discovered through this investigation that there were some problematic elements, but that there were also some practical remedies that might be implemented. Teacher reflection could be helped by the findings and recommendations of this study, which could also help authorities support teachers’ efforts to improve students’ writing skills.

"Thus Do All Women": Comedy, Sentimentality, Ambiguity, and a Così fan tutte for the #MeToo Era

"Thus Do All Women"Comedy, Sentimentality, Ambiguity, and a Così fan tutte for the #MeToo Era Camille Rogers (bio) Content warning: sexual assault and coercion, attempted suicide Misogyny and Ambiguity in Così fan tutte In 2018 actor Molly Ringwald published an essay in response to the #MeToo movement in which she reevaluated the ethical implications of classic 1980s films such as The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, and Sixteen Candles.1 While understandably reluctant to condemn movies that were not only formative to her career but also exciting at the time because "no one in Hollywood was writing about the minutiae of high school, and certainly not from a female point of view," she acknowledges that in hindsight, many of the interactions between male and female characters were highly problematic, depicting sexual harassment and, in some cases, assault. She describes a famous scene from Sixteen Candles, which today feels profoundly disturbing: The dreamboat, Jake, essentially trades his drunk girlfriend, Caroline, to the Geek, to satisfy the latter's sexual urges, in return for Samantha's underwear. The Geek takes Polaroids with Caroline to have proof of his conquest; when she wakes up in the morning with someone she doesn't know, he asks her if she "enjoyed it." (Neither of them seems to remember much.) Caroline shakes her head in wonderment and says, [End Page 45] "You know, I have this weird feeling I did." She had to have a feeling about it, rather than a thought, because thoughts are things we have when we are conscious, and she wasn't. And yet, despite many problematic elements, through interactions with fans Ringwald has found that these movies were powerful for many teenagers at the time, including those in marginalized positions. She writes: "How are we meant to feel about art that we both love and oppose? … Erasing history is a dangerous road when it comes to art—change is essential, but so, too, is remembering the past … so that we may properly gauge how far we have come, and also how far we still need to go." Such a powerful statement could be made about many genres of art, but I find it particularly relevant to opera, which concentrates much more heavily on historical works than most other entertainment industries. Over the last few years, the opera world has been rocked by its own #MeToo scandals, and coverage of the movement has reached mainstream media outlets.2 This in turn has led to increased scrutiny of the physical and sexual violence often enacted against female characters onstage.3 With a wider conversation about gender-based harassment and violence in opera emerging, scholars are now questioning more broadly what can—and should—be done with operas that contain themes of sexual violence. In a 2018 colloquy on sexual assault in opera, Suzanne G. Cusick and Monica A. Hershberger suggest that "when we stage, perform, or teach that repertory without explicitly engaging its imbrication with sexual and gender violence, we risk unwittingly sustaining a part of its tradition that we now find morally repugnant."4 Bonnie Gordon argues that teaching opera in a more ethical way can have a profound effect on students, potentially encouraging them to be more critical not only of historical texts but of modern media as well.5 Further, Micaela Baranello comments on the possibility of staging these depictions of sexual assault with more care, in particular attempting as much as possible to situate them in their original context. At the same time, Baranello cautions against productions emphasizing the more brutal aspects of sexual violence to "trade on women's bodies for symbolic currency."6 With this increased awareness of gender-based violence, many centuries-old [End Page 46] operas are now being reevaluated, some for the first time. As far back as 2000 scholars such as Liane Curtis highlighted how the brilliance of Mozart's music could distract from the blatant misogyny and gender-based violence of Don Giovanni.7 However, more recent scholarship has gone beyond the score to focus on the agency of directors to affect audiences' perceptions of well-known operas. For example, in her 2021 dissertation "Regarding Rape: Representations of Sexual Violence on...

The Heart of a Woman: The Life and Music of Florence B. Price by Rae Linda Brown

Reviewed by: The Heart of a Woman: The Life and Music of Florence B. Price by Rae Linda Brown Elizabeth Durrant The Heart of a Woman: The Life and Music of Florence B. Price. By Rae Linda Brown. Edited and with a foreword by Guthrie P. Ramsey Jr. Afterword by Carlene J. Brown. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2020. [ix, 295 p. ISBN 9780252043239 (hardcover), $125; ISBN 9780252085109 (paperback), $29. 95; ISBN 9780252052118 (e-book), price varies.] Music examples, photos, notes, selected bibliography, discography, further reading, index. The recent revival of interest in composer Florence Price would have been impossible without the late Rae Linda Brown, the scholar who dedicated her career to advocating for Price’s music. As a musicologist, Brown spent years uncovering Price’s manuscripts, publishing her music, researching her life and career, and interviewing her surviving friends and family. Consequently, nearly all contemporary scholarship on Price is built on the foundation of Brown’s efforts. The Heart of a Woman is the culmination of Brown’s work. As the first—and currently only—book about Price, it is an important milestone that centers African American people and culture in US music history. Brown contextualizes Price and her music within historical events of the nineteenth and twentieth century to argue that the composer—and by extension African American women—played a significant role in developing the cultural and artistic movements that shaped the United States. As a result, this book is a valuable resource that not only informs readers about Price and the events of her time but also challenges and expands the narratives of music history in the process. In part 1, Brown establishes the socio-political environment that influenced Price’s family life, education, and early career. She begins by describing Price’s parents, James H. Smith and Florence Irene Smith, including their family history, careers, marriage, and decision to settle in Little Rock, Arkansas. By the late nineteenth century, the city’s thriving Black middle class earned Little Rock the nickname “the Negro Paradise” (p. 23). As a newly wealthy, upper-class family, the Smiths were poised to take advantage of these opportunities for Black citizens, and they quickly established themselves as prominent members of Little Rock’s community (p. 3). Although Brown highlights the benefits of this social structure for [End Page 402] Price’s family, she also acknowledges how its problematic elements, including classism and colorism, often excluded others from these advantages (p. 4). She further explains how positions of economic privilege carried specific expectations in Black society. Many people in upper-and middle-class Black families adopted the ideology of racial uplift—a theory that Black people could earn humane and equitable treatment by mirroring upper-class White values and demonstrating Black excellence. As a result, children from affluent Black families were expected to fulfill racial uplift by earning an education, serving their communities, and facilitating success for younger generations. As Brown demonstrates, this mission played a crucial role in shaping Price’s upbringing. Her parents nurtured their daughter’s musical talent and sent her to the New England Conservatory of Music to study organ, piano, and music education. Price also had a passion for composing, but after graduation she returned to Little Rock to teach. Brown suggests that Price “felt a sense of responsibility” to facilitate racial uplift by educating her hometown community, which likely seemed more feasible than pursuing her composing dreams (p. 56). Price further fulfilled social expectations by marrying a lawyer and having two children while balancing her career and social obligations. She dedicated her talent and energy to serving her family and community. Still, Brown relates that rising racial tensions disrupted Price’s environment and set events in motion that would transform her life. The rise of Jim Crow laws in the 1890s severely limited the rights of Black citizens (p. 25). By the 1920s, there was a substantial increase in discriminatory policies and violence against Little Rock’s Black community, which posed a direct threat to Price and her family (pp. 76–77). As a result, in 1928 the Price household left Little Rock to begin a new life in Chicago (p. 77). Brown contextualizes...

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОБМЕРЗАЮЩИХ РОТОРОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ МЕТОДАМИ

The proposed article is devoted to artificial material systems operating in conditions of information scarcity for effective management. The problem is considered on the example of rotors operating in conditions of icing of surfaces of turbine units used in aviation and the thermal power complex. The analysis of measures to ensure the dynamic stability of rotors, whose surfaces are subject to icing, leading to an uncontrolled increase in local imbalances, is carried out. The relevance of the problem is due to both the general trend of scientific and technological progress aimed at improving technologies and types of products, and modern challenges of the economy. These should primarily include meeting the need for technological processes and types of products that are as close as possible to the requests in terms of the resource of work, cost, cost of operation and disposal. At the same time, the situation at the production site is complicated by the hostile attitude of the so-called Western countries to the development of Russian industry, especially in aviation, the thermal power complex, defense, elec-tronics, etc. All this creates a complex scientific and technical contradiction, burdened by a shortage of material support: financial inse-curity and the absence of a number of components supplied by previously unfriendly countries. Based on the results of the analysis of the dynamic state of the systems, the direction of its technological support is determined. Two methods are proposed to ensure the dynamic stability of the most problematic elements of rotors: wheels of centrifugal and axial compressors (turbines). At the same time, the method of precision preparation of rotor elements for assembly is designed to ensure the installation of the element on the shaft with minimized eccentricity of the forming seal and without imbalance, and the method of eccentricity-virtual assembly of turbine wheels is designed to balance the rotor with a pre–known imbalance. The application of the developed methods makes it possible to solve the formulated scientific and technical contradiction, significantly improve the quality of prod-ucts, reduce the labor intensity and cost of production. Technological processes using these methods have been tested in industrial conditions.

Toward Food Sovereignty for Coastal Communities of Eastern Québec: Co-designing A Website to Support Consumption of Edible Resources from the St. Lawrence River, Estuary, and Gulf.

Background. Despite the abundance and proximity of edible marine resources, coastal communities along the St. Lawrence in Eastern Québec rarely consume these resources. Within a community-based food sovereignty project, Manger notre Saint-Laurent (“Sustenance from our St. Lawrence”), members of participating communities (3 non-Indigenous, 1 Indigenous) identified a need for a web-based decision tool to help make informed consumption choices. Methods. We thus aimed to co-design a prototype website that facilitates informed choices about consuming local edible marine resources based on seasonal and regional availability, food safety, nutrition, and sustainability, with community members, regional stakeholders, and experts in user experience design and web development. We conducted 48 interviews with a variety of people over 3 iterative cycles, assessing the prototype’s ease of use with a validated measure, the System Usability Scale. Results. Community members, regional stakeholders, and other experts identified problematic elements in initial versions of the website (e.g., confusing symbols). We resolved issues and added features people identified as useful. Usability scores reached “best imaginable” for both the second and the third versions and did not differ significantly between sociodemographic groups. The final prototype includes a tool to explore each species and index cards to regroup accurate evidence relevant to each species. Conclusions. Engaging co-designers with different sociodemographic characteristics brought together a variety of perspectives. Several components would not have been included without co-designers’ input; other components were greatly improved thanks to their feedback. Co-design approaches in research and intervention development are preferable to foster the inclusion of a variety of people. Once the prototype is programmed and available online, we hope to evaluate the website to determine its effects on food choices.

Концепция социального государства в европейских странах

The article is concerned with the evolution process of European-style social welfare state. The welfare state is considered as a set of institutionalized strategies in the context of social citizen rights, which provide protection for everyone who can and is experiencing economic and/or social difficulties. Nowadays, there has been a significant amount of interest in the concept of a welfare state. The concept passed a long way of formation through its implementation in models of countries' development and repeated crises. This interest is contingent on actual issues of evaluating effects that lie in the plane of the influence of various welfare state aspects on the socioeconomic processes taking place in countries. In this context, particular attention is focused on redistributive mechanisms. In some countries, income redistribution is a secondary goal and even a side effect if it appears at all in documents regulating the social policy of government. The approaches used within the framework of specific models have many differences either in the effectiveness of results or in the role of state institutions in terms of resource provision. The study of the approaches makes it possible to assess the impact of the welfare state on the level of income inequality. On the other hand, it is important to determine what kind of protection from social risks (age, unemployment, disability, etc.) different welfare state models can offer, how these ensure the preservation of an individual's income necessary to meet a sufficiently wide range of needs. In the furtherance of this goal, the existing welfare state models - liberal, social democratic, conservative and South/Mediterranean - were analyzed. The study focuses on methods of measuring the resource component of social models within the framework of the described cases. The analysis has revealed that welfare states differ from each other not only in the amount of social budget spending but also in approaches of building their social protection systems. These differences have a significant impact on operation of labour market, people's work and family life and also on the level of social protection and income equality promoted by societies. The results of the redistributive mechanisms' influence of social state models on the level of income inequality were analyzed. The article identifies problematic elements of models critically dependent on the budget that governments spend to reduce inequality. It is difficult to count on increases in the volumes of resources necessary to ensure a permanent protection of people from social risks under unpredictable financial markets and real economic consequences of global financial crises. The considered aspects allow formulating recommendations for the formation of a welfare state in the Russian Federation.

International legal personality in public and private law: problems of theory and practice

At the present stage of the development of international relations, an important aspect is the specification of the rights and obligations of the subjects of international law, which are elements of international legal personality, which is subject to multifaceted study. The research of its problematic elements is fundamental to improving the rules of international law in general and domestic law in particular. The work aims to study and identify problems of theory and practice of international legal personality in public law. The object of research is international legal personality in public law. The subject of the research is problematic aspects of the theory and practice of international legal personality in public law. The following methods were used in the study: observation, historical method, method of analysis, comparison, generalization, the system method, method of analysis of normative documents. As a result of the research, the institute of international legal personality, in general, was analyzed, its peculiarities and problematic aspects were determined.

Decision Making in Translation: Translator’s Strategies and Decision Models for Rich Points in Titles

Recent developments regarding translation competence have led to the acknowledgement of the strategic role of decision making in the translation process. Researchers in different science fields have always seen problem-solving as an intrinsic part of any cognitive activity. The specific character of translation decision making is a challenging area of research which is primarily associated with the essence of the translation problem and strategies to solve it. The paper addresses translation decision strategies with the aim of classifying them and proposing clusters of translation decision models for problematic text elements collectively called Rich Points. The classification was verified on a corpus of 160 newspaper titles of articles published between July and August 2020 and translated into Russian. The correlation between the source text and target text (TT) Rich Point patterns afforded ground for proposing a set of translation decision models. Quantitative assessment of Rich Points frequency revealed a tendency to eliminate them in the TT. However, translation decision strategies and assessment of models productivity rate revealed it was due to the translators’ loyalty towards factual information. The results suggest that although translation problems involve meaning disintegration, they can demonstrate patternlike nature, and pattern recognition seems to form the core of translation decision strategies and models.

Some displays of lens structural performance.

Some useful displays that provide information about the performance of lens systems are presented and discussed in this paper. They are useful for comparing lenses, identifying problematic lens elements, and lens desensitizing and optimizing. An imaging simulation of a square wave is also presented to complement the modulation transfer function plots.

Parametric and kinetic study of washing pretreatment for K and Cl removal from rice husk

Rice husk is an abundant agricultural waste that can be used in combustion applications. The use of agricultural waste in combustion applications is hindered by slagging, fouling, and corrosion due to elements such as K, Cl, and Si. With the aim of removing those problematic elements using water washing, lab-scale experiments were conducted to study the effect of washing parameters; temperature, time, and liquid to solid ratio and to recommend suitable washing conditions. The washing temperature of 65 °C and liquid to solid ratio of 100 was selected as the best process conditions. Within 10 min of washing time, 75% of Cl and 50% of K can be removed. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model is suitable to describe the leaching behavior, and the kinetic parameters were obtained for the leaching of K and Cl. In industrial installations, hot condensate from process use of steam can be recommended as a good source of washing medium.

Critical analysis of methodological approaches to assessing sustainability of arctic oil and gas projects

Development of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic is one of the priority tasks for the economy of the Russian Federation; however, such projects are associated with significant risks for the environment of nearby regions. Large-scale development of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic should be based on the principles of sustainable development, which imply a balance between socio-economic benefits and environmental risks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the gaps in scientific knowledge on the issues of assessing sustainability of Arctic oil and gas projects (OGPs) and systematize the key problematic elements of such assessments. The analysis was carried out in terms of four key elements that determine the feasibility of implementing Arctic OGPs in the context of sustainable development: economic efficiency, social effects, environmental safety and technological availability. The methodology for conducting bibliometric analysis, which included more than 15.227 sources from the Scopus database over the period of 2005-2020, was based on PRISMA recommendations for compiling systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methodological problems of assessing sustainability of Arctic OGPs were mapped and divided into four key sectors: consideration of factors that determine sustainability; sustainability assessment; interpretation of assessment results; sustainability management. This map can serve as a basis for conducting a series of point studies, aimed at eliminating existing methodological shortcomings of the sustainable development concept with respect to Arctic OGPs.

Operational text-mining methods for enhancing building maintenance management

ABSTRACT Facility managers can significantly benefit from operational data, such as maintenance requests, stored in computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs). This data is a valuable means to assess building performance and gain insights for preventive maintenance actions. However, databases are not always organized in such a way that allow undertaking analytics, therefore resulting in troubles when trying to generate useful information from raw data. This paper presents two methods based on a text-mining approach to extract valuable information from textual maintenance requests. The first method aims to extract the room identifier (ID) numbers where faults mainly occur, while the second one aims to identify the most problematic building elements and systems. The text-mining-based methods were tested by using a data set which contains 12,655 maintenance requests derived from a cluster of 33 buildings managed by the local administration of the Municipality of Trieste (Italy).

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of managing the financial resources of an organization in order to increase the economic stability of its activities, reduce economic risks and ensure the growth of competitiveness. The dynamics considers important indicators of the efficiency of managing the economic resources of an enterprise, including the turnover of financial resources, which is characterized by business activity. The main factors that ensure the economic security of enterprises in specific conditions are identified, evaluated and ranked, such as: sources of financing for the operating cycle, threats of disruption of the production process due to their lack, growth of operating and investment costs of industry participants, etc. The analysis of financial stability on the example of LLC Russian Niva allowed us to characterize the most problematic elements of managing the financial resources of the organization, to identify promising options for improving economic security and the level of competitiveness. The introduction of innovative solutions for building complex information systems for managing the activities of multi-profile enterprises, taking into account the best international and domestic practices of automation of large and medium-sized businesses, such as 1C: ERP Enterprise Management provides opportunities to minimize economic risks by visualizing the relationships between objects; assessing the degree of influence of some objects on others; describing the relationship between organizations, individuals, contracts, events, addresses and other objects.