Problematic Elements Research Articles

Understanding the Importance of Email Etiquette and Addressing Email Communication Challenges Among BTVI Students

Email serves as a communication channel for students in higher educational institutions to interact with teachers on course materials, assignments, and impending tests and seek guidance on personal or academic concerns. The present research examines student-instructor email communication, explicitly identifying the problematic elements in students' emails that hinder effective communication. The study examines a sample of 50 email communications composed and sent by first-year students to their instructors at Bright Technical and Vocational Institute (BTVI) in Kurdistan. Textual analysis is a valuable method for investigating research inquiries across several disciplines. The study findings demonstrated that informal aspects of student email exchanges include the usage of slang, overuse of capitalization, unconventional spelling, symbols, and emoticons. Lack of adherence to email etiquette norms and grammatical errors. These elements indicate a need for more understanding of formality, professionalism, and the decorum expected in a university atmosphere. Thus, it is advisable to implement pedagogical intervention to develop the necessary abilities for composing and comprehending emails. Providing education and assistance on the protocols and norms of email communication may enhance students' capacity to effectively and professionally interact via email in (BTVI), hence fostering good practices and increasing future employment prospects.

Risk Assessment of Selected CCS Wells through Feature, Event, and Process Method and Comparison of the Barrier Effect.

To reduce the CO2 release in the atmosphere, the carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technique presents a solution in which the CO2 is captured from the emitting source and injected into a suitable geological formation in the subsurface. For the CCS project to be successful, CO2 must be trapped underground for hundreds of years. In that respect, good integrity plays an important role as it ensures that the injected CO2 remains sequestrated in the subsurface. Hence, this study presents a risk assessment technique with the help of which critical elements that can compromise the integrity of the CCS well can be identified. The approach taken for the risk assessment is based on the feature, event, and process (FEP). However, this method gives a qualitative analysis, and to convert it to a semiquantitative one, FEP is integrated with an interaction matrix, incident potential matrix (IPM), and cause-effect plot diagram. In this paper, risk assessment was conducted on two fictitious wells with different well configurations. It was found that cement and casing were the most vulnerable components, while formation water and subsidence were the most problematic elements in the given well system. It was also concluded that the number of plugs and their location in the well could increase or decrease the intensity of the risk levels in the CCS wells.

Violences, education and women: relationships and challenges

The text, based on bibliographical readings and analysis of institutional documents, presents reflections on the different manifestations of violence (called diffuse violence) present in the Brazilian social fabric. It discusses the problematic elements present in developing countries, mainly with regard to the challenges posed to these countries, in terms of realizing citizenship. It permeates the consolidation of the National State and the negative effects brought to it by globalization and the so-called late modernity, through which forms of social nihilism intensify, weakening social ties and creating a cultural broth conducive to conflictive manifestations and/or violence, notably against women. It ends by analyzing, in more detail, the issue of schools, given the manifestations of violence that are present in these environments (more specifically against women). The text demonstrates that the issue of violence – notably against women – remains a current topic and that it requires careful consideration, from researchers, society and the State, in order to be addressed.

The toxicological analysis of problematic and sophisticated elements (Ni, Cr, and Se) in Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) using in pharmacotherapy and clinical nutrition for oncological patients available in Polish pharmacies

This study focuses on FSMPs for oncologic patients, specifically analyzing the toxicological profiles of nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and selenium (Se) within these products available in Polish pharmacies. The presence of these elements was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results indicated variations in the concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Se across different FSMP samples, with some products exceeding the acceptable limits set by regulatory guidelines. The study highlights the potential health risks associated with nickel exposure, including dermatitis and carcinogenesis, and the complex roles of chromium and selenium, which can be both beneficial and harmful depending on their levels. Our findings reveal significant variability in the elemental content across different FSMP products, i.e.: Ni: 0.155–25.488 μg/portion, Cr: 0.076–28.726 μg/portion and Se: 0.083–20.304 μg/portion). Notably, selenium levels in FSMPs showed considerable discrepancies compared to manufacturers' declarations, averaging only about 20% of the stated values. Regulatory assessments based on the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE) descriptors indicated that the estimated weekly intake of Ni, Cr, and Se from these FSMPs did not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values. However, the highest Ni content was 30.58% of the PTWI, raising concerns about potential health risks, including dermatitis and carcinogenesis. The results for Cr underscored the necessity for careful monitoring due to its potential toxic effects. Selenium, despite its essential role, showed levels inadequate to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), potentially impacting its intended health benefits.

Destabilization of the Peasant Community during the years of Stolypin's agrarian reforms: a microhistorical overview

The objective of the article is to analyze the information found in the Ukrainian newspaper "Rada" regarding the resettlement and forced eviction of peasants from settlements in Uman County during the implementation of P. A. Stolypin's reform. This information sheds light on demographic changes and the moral values of peasant communities (rural communities). The research methodology combines general scientific, specialized historical, and interdisciplinary methods and tools of scientific analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the use of microhistorical approaches to expand anthropocentrism in the discussed topic, which may be considered well-studied when it comes to resettlement policy in the years 1906-1912. As for the issue of forced eviction by the decision of the rural community, the material presented in the article could serve as the starting point for a comprehensive study of this segment of peasant self-government activity. An element of novelty is the introduction of information into scientific circulation that complements local history and ethnographic studies. Conclusions. Between 1907 and 1912, the Ukrainian newspaper "Rada" published more than thirty notes about migration and forced evictions from rural communities in just one Uman County of the Kyiv Governorate. Systematizing such information personalizes the migration of Ukrainian peasantry during the Stolypin agrarian reforms, detailing general perceptions of resettlement policy, and revealing the risks and difficulties faced by the most active peasantry, which sought a better life but often fell victim to various fraudsters and the imperial authorities due to their naivety, trustfulness, and illiteracy. Systematization of information about forced evictions from rural communities by the decision of the rural community provided the opportunity to identify the reasons and mechanisms for such punishment. The reasons for eviction and the number sentenced to expulsion indicate the presence of crisis phenomena in the peasant society. The government's desire to resettle the most active peasants to remote regions of the empire and the spread of the practice of cleansing rural communities of politically undesirable and socially problematic elements did not yield the expected results: the subjugation and pacification of the peasantry.

Accelerating deep neural network learning using data stream methodology

This paper introduces a novel machine learning approach, called BBATDD (Boosting-Based Algorithm Trained with Drift Detector), that departs from traditional epoch-based methods by adopting a data stream generation strategy from the original dataset. The proposed method is versatile, applicable to a broad range of deep structures and other machine learning architectures. The key to its effectiveness is the conversion of original data into a streaming sequence, which is then fed into the neural network structure. To monitor the learning process and prevent overfitting, a drift detector, commonly used in stream data mining, is employed. Additionally, two methods, ELB and ENT, are introduced to prioritize problematic data elements during the learning process, enhancing overall model performance. Extensive simulations on benchmark datasets (MNIST and CIFAR) validate that BBATDD achieves higher accuracy with significantly fewer batches, without sacrificing generalization capability. For instance, when applied to the MNIST dataset and processing 10 000 batches while comparing loss function values, our approach demonstrates a remarkable 45.6% improvement.

The Making of the “Good Bad” Job: How Algorithmic Management Manufactures Consent Through Constant and Confined Choices

This research explores how a new relation of production—the shift from human managers to algorithmic managers on digital platforms—manufactures workplace consent. While most research has argued that the task standardization and surveillance that accompany algorithmic management will give rise to the quintessential “bad job” (Kalleberg, Reskin, and Hudson, 2000; Kalleberg, 2011), I find that, surprisingly, many workers report liking and finding choice while working under algorithmic management. Drawing on a seven-year qualitative study of the largest sector in the gig economy, the ride-hailing industry, I describe how workers navigate being managed by an algorithm. I begin by showing how algorithms segment the work at multiple sites of human–algorithm interactions and how this configuration of the work process allows for more-frequent and narrow choice. I find that workers use two sets of tactics. In engagement tactics, individuals generally follow the algorithmic nudges and do not try to get around the system; in deviance tactics, individuals manipulate their input into the algorithmic management system. While the behaviors associated with these tactics are practical opposites, they both elicit consent, or active, enthusiastic participation by workers to align their efforts with managerial interests, and both contribute to workers seeing themselves as skillful agents. However, this choice-based consent can mask the more-structurally problematic elements of the work, contributing to the growing popularity of what I call the “good bad” job.

SUITABILITY OF PHYSICAL ELEMENTS FOR URBAN PARK UTILIZATION: A STUDY ON RAJEKWESI PARK IN BOJONEGORO URBAN AREA

Urban parks are expected to balance the city ecosystem by reducing air temperature and increasing oxygen levels, becoming a space for community interaction, beautifying the urban environment, and reviving economic activities around it. According to the public green open space (GOS) typology classification, Rajekwesi Park is an urban park in the Bojonegoro Urban Area. However, there are still problematic physical elements in utilizing Rajekwesi Park as a public GOS. One of the issues with the park is the lack of functioning park lights, which limits visibility at night. These problems affect the decline in the ability of urban parks to attract people to engage in activities. It is necessary to measure the suitability of physical elements for urban park utilization in Rajekwesi Park. The evaluation was conducted using scoring analysis techniques with data obtained from descriptive evaluative analysis based on six variables: ecology, water catchment, socio-cultural, aesthetic, economic, and disaster management. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the suitability of physical elements in Rajekwesi Park is in the appropriate category, with a score of 75%. The suitability includes all variables with a suitability score ≥ 59.8%. These variables include ecology with an appropriate class, water catchment with a quite appropriate class, socio-cultural with an appropriate class, aesthetic with an appropriate class, economic with an appropriate class, and disaster management with a quite appropriate class.

Repairing raw metadata for metadata management

With the exponential growth of data production, the generation of metadata has become an integral part of the process. Metadata plays a crucial role in facilitating enhanced data analytics, data integration, and resource management by offering valuable insights. However, inconsistencies arise due to deviations from standards in metadata recording, including missing attribute information, publishing URLs, and provenance. Furthermore, the recorded metadata may exhibit inconsistencies, such as varied value formats, special characters, and inaccurately entered values. Addressing these inconsistencies through metadata preparation can greatly enhance the user experience during data management tasks.This paper introduces MDPrep, a system that explores the usability and applicability of data preparation techniques in improving metadata quality. Our approach involves three steps: (1) detecting and identifying problematic metadata elements and structural issues, (2) employing a keyword-based approach to enhance metadata elements and a syntax-based approach to rectify structural metadata issues, and (3) comparing the outcomes to ensure improved readability and reusability of prepared metadata files.

The Human Rights Policies of the EU: Political Nature, Existing Incoherencies and Institutional Bifurcation

The history of human rights in the context of the European Union (EU) is complex and riddled with contradictions. This was convincingly demonstrated by leading experts in the area who wrote copiously about the existence of elements of institutional bifurcation in the organisation’s policies in the area. Although the EU is an important global actor in the field of human rights and had a positive impact on a number of human rights issues, a number of incoherencies and inconsistencies in its policies continue to have a detrimental impact on its political actions on the world stage. By examining the traditional explanations for these existing deficiencies in the political and institutional system of the organisation through a document analysis, this article sketches their problematic overall impact and argues, concurring to the above-mentioned experts, that these incoherencies resulted in a bifurcated human rights regime produced by the problematic elements of the EU’s own political identity. It also considers the impact of the Union’s enlargement on its human rights policies and the potential challenges this phenomenon poses in political and social terms.

Sustainable Development of Agricultural Cooperation in Conditions of Economy Digitalization

Introduction: The key link in the agro-industrial complex is agriculture. Cooperation is assigned a unique role as a factor contributing to the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The article aims to study the trends in the development of agricultural cooperation in the context of the digitalization of the economy, and identify problematic elements of development and determine the development trend for the future. Theoretical framework: The theoretical basis of the research was formed by the scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the considered research problem. Methodology: The research used methods of analysis and synthesis of economic information, statistical data, an integrated and systematic approach to assessing economic phenomena. The research used literature review, data analysis and synthesis as key methods to analyze trends, identify problems and draw conclusions. Results and Discussion: The article discusses the existing positive shifts in the agricultural sector and why they do not provide desired dynamic development of agricultural producers. It identifies problems that slow down integration into the digital ecosystem and discusses certain problems that do not allow to increase production efficiency. Conclusion: The key factors in the development of agricultural cooperation are identified. Conditions necessary for further development of agricultural cooperation are outlined, including effective involvement of representatives in the digital ecosystem.

Symptom burden in chronic liver disease.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant contributor to global mortality. For people who are living with CLD, however, there is a substantial and often overlooked burden of physical and psychological symptoms that significantly affect health-related quality of life. CLD frequently presents with a multitude of interrelated and intricate symptoms, including fatigue, pruritus, muscle cramps, sexual dysfunction, and falls. Increasingly, there is interest in studying and developing interventional strategies to provide a more global approach to managing these complex patients. Moreover, in addition to established guidelines for the management of conventional complications, such as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, there have been efforts in developing evidence-based guidance for the treatment of the more subjective yet still problematic elements. This review will address the management of these less "classical" but nonetheless important symptoms.

Indigenously Doing Disney

In its hundred-year history, the Walt Disney Company has created multiple projects featuring characters from various minorities and indigenous groups. The purpose of this essay is to examine the later films of Walt Disney Animation Studios, beginning in the often-dubbed “Disney Renaissance” with Pocahontas and concluding with Frozen II, and analyze the portrayal of the native groups being featured within the narrative. Beyond this, the secondary aim of this paper is to determine whether or not any significant development has been made in said depictions in the studio’s projects, both as it pertains to narrative and visual representation, as well as reception from audience members, critics, and community leaders of said ethnic groups. Beyond the analysis of the chosen films and their reception, this essay will touch upon the potential conflicts which may arise when potentially vulnerable or traditionally ignored aboriginal groups see their culture commodified by corporations such as Disney. The findings of this essay are that while Walt Disney Animation Studios still struggles with representation and commercialization of indigenous groups, the company has evidently made efforts to respond to criticism, and increase its cooperation with aboriginal populations when developing featurefilm projects. For the most recent example, while the company’s immensely successful Frozen utilizes multiple facets of Sámi culture, it does not directly feature any characters of Sámi origin. For the sequel, however, the company made efforts to work with indigenous groups to ensure a more favorable representation, resulting in largely positive reception from Sámi audiences. Whilst there are still problematic elements present, and the company’s commitment to fair, accurate representation is likely motivated more by financial incentive than anything else, some progress has undoubtedly been made.

Temperature resolved release of inorganic compounds from biomass

The release of inorganic compounds during the thermal conversion of solid biomass can cause severe operational problems in thermal power plants. To effectively reduce fine particle emissions and depositions, it is important to understand the release of problematic elements into the gas phase.This study presents a temperature-resolved analysis of the release of potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium from ten biomass samples. Conventional woody biofuels, alternative woody biofuels, and stalk-like biomass are analyzed in an electrothermal vaporization unit (ETV) which is connected directly to an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The suppression of secondary gas-phase reactions in the given setup enables the isolated observation of each individual species’ release pattern. The results from this experimental setup are compared to a range of release patterns found in the literature, with a particular focus on potassium. For the high heating rates applied in this setup, the potassium release starts at around 700 °C, with the majority being release between 1000 °C and 1400 °C. Since hardly any potassium is released together with chlorine and sulfur, the majority of it is released as KOH or elemental potassium. Overall, this work presents reproducible temperature-resolved release patterns of inorganic elements from various biogenic feedstocks in an inert atmosphere.

Preliminary Results of Innovative Two-Stage Torrefaction Technology Applied for Thermochemical Treatment of Sunflower Husk

This article proposes an innovative two-stage technology for biomass torrefaction generating high-quality biochar, more specifically biocoal, as solid fuel, and offering a promising solution to the challenges posed by the combustion of biomass. In particular, the higher quality of biochar as solid fuel reduces the build-up of unmanageable deposits on fired surfaces, as these deposits inhibit heat transfer and reduce the efficiency of biomass boilers. The proposed two-stage technology involves torrefaction in a hearth-type reactor at temperatures up to 250 °C, followed by a subsequent stage of cooling achieved through washing with water. The two-stage torrefaction technology is integrated within a vertical hearth reactor vessel composed of three superimposed trays serving for biomass input, torrefaction, and water washing combined with biomass cooling, respectively. Upon contact with torrefied biomass, cooling water turned into water vapor; hence, eliminating the requirement for subsequent biomass separation and drying. The system was tested on sunflower husk, and results showed a reduction in the content of problematic elements such as alkali metal chlorides or sulfur compounds in biochar ash, suggesting lower corrosion rates of convective heating surfaces of the boiler under ash sediments. It is hypothesized that, while water exited hot biomass in the form of water vapor instead of liquid water, as is typically the case in water-washing processes, a share of undesirable elements may still have been removed from biomass through vaporization, without necessitating any additional process for ash removal. Hence, the index values calculated according to the chemical analysis of biomass ash suggested that sunflower husk biochar (biocoal) resulting from the proposed two-stage torrefaction process may display fuel characteristics similar to biomasses whose combustion ash may form reduced levels of deposits on boiler surfaces. Therefore, the proposed technology holds the potential to improve solid fuel characteristics of biomass, targeting enhanced efficiency and sustainability of biomass-fired power plants.

Problems of Legislative Regulation of the Power of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

The article reveals the approach to legislative consolidation of the power of the Constitutional Court adopted in Art. 3 of the Federal Constitutional Law of July 21, 1994 No. 1-FKZ “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”. Based on the results of a study of the relationship between the name, structure and content of this article, it was concluded that its name and content are not fully consistent with each other. In addition, taking into account the development trends in the practice of the Constitutional Court, a number of problematic elements of its competence that require in-depth study have been identified. These include, in particular, the concept of a normative legal act as an object of judicial constitutional control; types of laws to be reviewed; powers in the sphere of implementation of specific constitutional regulatory control. It is particularly difficult to determine the limits of constitutional-judicial justiciability, which is normatively expressed in the principle that allows the Constitutional Court to resolve only the issues of law. Finally, the issue of the subject of legal regulation of the Rules of the Constitutional Court has not received a consistent legislative solution. It is noted that the development of the powers of the Constitutional Court is significantly influenced by the practice of constitutional justice. On the one hand, certain defects in the normative regulation of the powers of the Constitutional Court can be quite successfully overcome by it by interpreting the Constitution and the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”. On the other hand, the application of these powers reveals such directions for their further development that can be fully disclosed and implemented only through legislative or even constitutional changes. Thus, the power of the Constitutional Court -- despite the fact that it has been functioning for three decades – remains a dynamically developing legal structure.

Computational Materials Design for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms Using Machine Learning, First-Principles Calculations, and Kinetics Rate Theory.

Ceramic waste forms are designed to immobilize radionuclides for permanent disposal in geological repositories. One of the principal criteria for the effective incorporation of waste elements is their compatibility with the host material. In terms of performance under environmental conditions, the resistance of the waste forms to degradation over long periods of time is a critical concern when they are exposed to natural environments. Due to their unique crystallographic features and behavior in nature environment as exemplified by their natural analogues, ceramic waste forms are capable of incorporating problematic nuclear waste elements while showing promising chemical durability in aqueous environments. Recent studies of apatite- and hollandite-structured waste forms demonstrated an approach that can predict the compositions of ceramic waste forms and their long-term dissolution rate by a combination of computational techniques including machine learning, first-principles thermodynamics calculations, and modeling using kinetic rate equations based on critical laboratory experiments. By integrating the predictions of elemental incorporation and degradation kinetics in a holistic framework, the approach could be promising for the design of advanced ceramic waste forms with optimized incorporation capacity and environmental degradation performance. Such an approach could provide a path for accelerated ceramic waste form development and performance prediction for problematic nuclear waste elements.

Construction and characterization of a novel miniaturized filamentous phagemid for targeted mammalian gene transfer

BackgroundAs simplistic proteinaceous carriers of genetic material, phages offer great potential as targeted vectors for mammalian transgene delivery. The filamentous phage M13 is a single-stranded DNA phage with attractive characteristics for gene delivery, including a theoretically unlimited DNA carrying capacity, amenability to tropism modification via phage display, and a well-characterized genome that is easy to genetically modify. The bacterial backbone in gene transfer plasmids consists of elements only necessary for amplification in prokaryotes, and, as such, are superfluous in the mammalian cell. These problematic elements include antibiotic resistance genes, which can disseminate antibiotic resistance, and CpG motifs, which are inflammatory in animals and can lead to transgene silencing.ResultsHere, we examined how M13-based phagemids could be improved for transgene delivery by removing the bacterial backbone. A transgene cassette was flanked by isolated initiation and termination elements from the phage origin of replication. Phage proteins provided in trans by a helper would replicate only the cassette, without any bacterial backbone. The rescue efficiency of “miniphagemids” from these split origins was equal to, if not greater than, isogenic “full phagemids” arising from intact origins. The type of cassette encoded by the miniphagemid as well as the choice of host strain constrained the efficiency of phagemid rescue.ConclusionsThe use of two separated domains of the f1 ori improves upon a single wildtype origin while still resulting in high titres of miniphagemid gene transfer vectors. Highly pure lysates of miniaturized phagemids could be rapidly obtained in a straightforward procedure without additional downstream processing.

How is the coming generation to go on living? Bonhoeffer's preservation orders for the ‘sixth extinction’

AbstractThis essay adapts Dietrich Bonhoeffer's ‘orders of preservation’ to address the sharp rise in species extinctions due to human causes. I argue that Bonhoeffer's creative use of preservation orders to build an international alliance provides the scope required to meet the present biodiversity crisis while pre-empting Karl Barth's criticism of static regionalism and avoiding problematic elements in Carl Schmitt's concept of the ‘restraining force’. Drawing on Bonhoeffer's 1932 address, ‘On the Theological Foundation of the Work of the World Alliance’, I present three convictions to guide the task of preservation today, which include the formation of alliances between ecclesial and scientific communities in order to properly specify God's commandment.

Selenite Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Silica-Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Adsorbents.

In recent years, during industrial development, the expanding discharge of harmful metallic ions from different industrial wastes (such as arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, or zinc) into different water bodies has caused serious concern, with one of the problematic elements being represented by selenium (Se) ions. Selenium represents an essential microelement for human life and plays a vital role in human metabolism. In the human body, this element acts as a powerful antioxidant, being able to reduce the risk of the development of some cancers. Selenium is distributed in the environment in the form of selenate (SeO42-) and selenite (SeO32-), which are the result of natural/anthropogenic activities. Experimental data proved that both forms present some toxicity. In this context, in the last decade, only several studies regarding selenium's removal from aqueous solutions have been conducted. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to use the sol-gel synthesis method to prepare a nanocomposite adsorbent material starting from sodium fluoride, silica, and iron oxide matrices (SiO2/Fe(acac)3/NaF), and to further test it for selenite adsorption. After preparation, the adsorbent material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The mechanism associated with the selenium adsorption process has been established based on kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium studies. Pseudo second order is the kinetic model that best describes the obtained experimental data. Also, from the intraparticle diffusion study, it was observed that with increasing temperature the value of the diffusion constant, Kdiff, also increases. Sips isotherm was found to best describe the experimental data obtained, the maximum adsorption capacity being ~6.00 mg Se(IV) per g of adsorbent material. From a thermodynamic point of view, parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 were evaluated, proving that the process studied is a physical one.