Problematic Aspects Research Articles

Procedure for Holding a Meeting and Registering a Group of Voters to Support the Self-Nomination of a Candidate for the Position of President of the Russian Federation: Constitutional and Legal Responsibility for its Violation

Introduction. The article is based on an analysis of the decisions of the Central Election Commission of Russian Federation on the refusal to register groups of voters created to support the self-nomination of candidates for the position of President of the Russian Federation and their authorized representatives, within the framework of the elections of the President of the Russian Federation, scheduled for March 17, 2024, and the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, based on the results of challenging such decisions, revealed problematic aspects of the procedure for creating and registering a group of voters to support the self-nomination of a candidate. Methods. When writing the article, general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, systematization. In addition, a formal legal method was used. In the process of analyzing the empirical material, which consists of decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, sociological methods were used. Results. It is noted that, taking into account the current legislation and resolutions of the Central Election Commission, the procedure for holding a meeting and registering a group of voters to support a candidate for the position of President of the Russian Federation has been established, which consists of a number of stages with a certain mode of conduct and documentation. For violation of the procedure, corresponding constitutional and legal liability is established in the form of cancellation of the decision of the meeting and its registration. Discussion and Conclusion. An analysis of the current legislation and the decisions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee allows us to conclude that the currently established procedure is a guarantee of democracy and reliability in the implementation of electoral rights.

Обмежені речові права на земельні ділянки сільськогосподарського призначення: стан і перспективи

The article is dedicated to the realization of limited property rights to agricultural land plots. The author thoroughly examines the regulatory and legal framework of this issue and its doctrinal elaboration. The problematic aspects related to the realization of limited property rights are highlighted. It is noted that the current legislation lacks a clear definition of “limited property rights,” but such a concept may emerge during the update of civil legislation. The scientific literature presents a moderate view on the legal nature of limited property rights, necessitating a summary of different perspectives. The author’s proactive proposals for amending the current legislation are a significant step towards eliminating the existing gaps and ensuring legal certainty in the regulation of the relevant relations. The author also establishes that in today’s environment, the variability of property rights in terms of their content comes to the fore, which calls into question the absolute nature of these rights. This circumstance necessitates a study of an actual contract or a dispositive transaction, given that they (these rights) may be the objects of such contracts or transactions, and this requires the development of a universal contractual basis for the establishment of property rights. It is proposed that within the framework of recodification of civil legislation and considering the peculiarities of the national legal system and the specifics of national legislation, it is possible to consider the introduction of such a structure since this will ensure an inevitable unification of national legislation with EU legislation. In this study, the author used legal analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural, and comparative legal and formal logical methods to analyse the relevant legislation and doctrine and propose amendments to civil legislation. Keywords: freedom of will of the parties to the employment contract; change of employment contract, employee, employer, labor relations, work, labor contract, parties of labor contract, transfer, transfer, change of essential working conditions, right to work.

Recognition of the “membership” criterion as the only one for qualification of corporate relations: problematic aspects

Recognition of the “membership” criterion as the only one for qualification of corporate relations: problematic aspects

Features of Creative Assignments in Literature Based on Reflective Writing

The article presents problematic aspects of one of the varieties of creative writing tasks in literature – tasks based on reflective writing. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the didactic potential of creative tasks based on reflective writing in the development of reading competencies of middle and senior schoolchildren. Methodology. Content analysis was applied to samples of creative tasks based on reflective writing, and conceptual analysis provided the basis for developing a definition and classification of “creative tasks.” The presented theoretical material and samples of creative tasks will help literature teachers and methodologists in developing the skill of co-creative reading among schoolchildren. Results. Creative tasks based on reflective writing help expand the reader’s horizons and develop the ability of school readers to express their thoughts in writing. Testing the ability to create texts within the framework of reflexive genres does not occur directly in the “creative task”. Reflection is initiated, aimed at a variety of aspects of the existence of literary works that sometimes do not easily attract the attention of the reader: what is creatively productive contact with a literary work and what are the signs of a “real reader”, what are the aspects of interaction between the reader and a literary work in culture and many other problems. Conclusion. Unlike tasks based on creative writing, a creative task based on reflective writing requires literal, precise language, a reasoned solution to the problem, and the use of linguistic means depending on the communicative goal of reflection specified in the creative task. At the same time, the very concept of “writing” places emphasis on the process of writing a reflective text in the first person, which is due to the task of awakening the reader’s analytical activity, following co-creative activity.

Non-financial asset valuation at higher education institutions: The theoretical and practical aspects

Subject. This article focuses on the issues of initial and subsequent valuation of non-financial assets at Russian higher education institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the provisions of the accounting policy of educational institutions for higher education in relation to the valuation of non-financial assets, compare them with the Federal Accounting Standards, identify problematic aspects, and determine the areas for their solution. Methods. The regulations on the accounting policy of twenty six higher education institutions of Russia in relation to the valuation of non-financial assets are the basis of the study. For the study, I used observation, comparison, generalization, and interpretation. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the composition of costs incurred by institutions in the process of creating an object of fixed assets. It also offers recommendations on the inclusion of interest expenses on long-term liabilities in the initial cost of non-financial assets during their construction (creation) using own resources and options for assessing the value of replaced (disposed) parts of fixed assets, and a methodology for their calculation. A list of expenses included in determining the initial cost of intangible assets created by higher education institutions on their own is also presented. Conclusions. To improve the accounting of transactions for the acquisition and creation of fixed assets, it is advisable to establish the procedure for allocating the costs of delivery of several fixed assets in the accounting policy of educational organizations, determine the methods of attributing additional borrowing costs, as well as establish the criterion for the materiality of such expenses. It is concluded that higher education institutions should have a unified methodology for accounting costs when carrying out regular scheduled overhauls, technical inspections and maintenance of fixed assets.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF WAR CRIMES

This article examines the problematic aspects that arise during the investigation of war crimes, focusing on identifying the main challenges and developing recommendations to overcome them. It analyzes the difficulties faced by investigative bodies in collecting evidence, the legal and procedural barriers that complicate the investigation and prosecution of perpetrators. Special attention is given to the role of international law and the cooperation of interstate organizations in improving the effectiveness of investigations. As a result of the research, specific recommendations are proposed to enhance the quality of war crime investigations and strengthen the rule of law at the international level. The research on this topic analyzes the works of scholars such as I. Hlovyuk, V. Zavtur, N. Lashchuk, V. Navrotskaya, M. Pashkovsky, R. Serkevich, N. Ustritskaya, and others. Greater attention is paid to current legislative acts and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The issue of exchanging prisoners of war in Ukraine is regulated by various normative legal acts, including the ICC RS and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CPCU). The appendix to Article 3 of the CPCU establishes that a person who has the procedural status of a suspect, accused, or convicted can be exchanged as a prisoner of war. Amendments to the CPCU regarding the interrogation of persons for whom a decision on exchange has been made do not contain substantive additions or clarifications, which may lead to inappropriate application of these provisions. Although the CPCU does not contain a separate norm regarding the procedural status of prisoners of war, the legislator has made changes to regulate the exchange of persons during martial law, which became possible thanks to the law dated July 28, 2022. Despite the legislator’s attempts to improve the procedure for exchanging prisoners of war, some aspects remain complex, which may violate the principle of legality and the rule of law. Ukraine, even without being a state party to the ICC RS, is obliged to cooperate with this international body in accordance with Article 12(3) of this statute. The presence of implementing legislation that regulates national cooperation procedures is a prerequisite for the comprehensive fulfilment of Ukraine’s obligations to the ICC. Better definition of the statuses of participants in criminal proceedings, particularly those for whom the ICC’s request for co-operation has been received, as well as the regulatory establishment of the status of prisoners of war, is needed. Ukrainian prosecutors and pre-trial investigation bodies should adhere to the specifics provided by the ICC Rules of Evidence when conducting interrogations of witnesses, suspects, and victims. Failure to take appropriate actions during interrogations may lead to the recognition of interrogation protocols as inadmissible evidence, which will reduce the number of high-quality evidence on the part of the prosecution.

Использование электронных документов вне электронного уголовного дела — прогрессивный тупик

The article proposes to understand certain problematic aspects of the use of electronic documents in criminal proceedings. The mechanism for the implementation of electronic documents in criminal proceedings is presented by the authors as a set of actions determined not only by their regulation, but also by the regulation of the electronic criminal case. It is stated that the full use of electronic documents in criminal proceedings is impossible without an electronic criminal case. At the same time, the authors wonder about the readiness of the transition of Russian criminal proceedings to the electronic format of criminal proceedings. Particular emphasis is placed on improving criminal procedural activities in the field of application of digital technologies and the corresponding transformation of criminal procedural legislation.

State customs services quality: marketing model and assessment methodology transformation

The article studies the sphere of public services provided by customs authorities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the marketing model of customs services marketing model transformation under the conditions of the customer-centricity principles implementation and the customs administration system digital transformation. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity to elaborate the rendering services mechanism in order to improve their quality and satisfaction of the final consumer (interested citizens, participants of foreign economic activity) with the result of receiving the service. The main tasks of the study are to identify problematic factors of the rendering state customs services mechanism, to determine their essence, and to structure their sphere. The article used both theoretical (current normative-legal acts and modern researchers’ scientific works analysis) and empirical (practical substantiation of ways to improve the customs control efficiency and the state customs services quality) research methods. Based on the analysis of the customs value definition as a state customs unformalized service, the problematic aspects that reduce the service quality and the level of participants’ satisfaction in foreign economic activity have been identified. The study proposes possible options for solving the identified problematic aspects on the basis of the developed marketing model and methodology for assessing the customs services quality. Its fragment has been presented by the author on the example of goods customs value control and confirmation.

Refusal of extradition of persons subject to xtradition as a guarantee of the protection of human rights: problematic aspects

Refusal of extradition of persons subject to xtradition as a guarantee of the protection of human rights: problematic aspects

COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

A comprehensive assessment of the level of environmental competitiveness of agricultural enterprises of the Carpathian region of Ukraine allows to recognise them as priority, important competitors of high quality and safe agricultural products with geographical indication. In this regard, the problem of developing and implementing an environmental competitiveness strategy of agricultural enterprises in the Carpathian region, which is characterised by a relatively low level of environmental pollution and has significant land and resource potential for the production of the main types of agricultural products, is being updated at the national level. Methodology. The article uses the methods of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, statistical sampling, comparison, expert opinions, associations and analogies. Results. The identified conceptual foundations of the competitive environmental strategy of agricultural enterprises at the regional level provide for improvement of the regulatory and legal support for their functioning. A grouping of farms in the Carpathian region of Ukraine was carried out according to two key criteria: the area of agricultural land and the number of farms. Based on the results of the analysis, a matrix of problematic aspects of the development of organic agriculture is formed, which is based on the following levels of management: legislative-institutional and organisational-economic. Practical implications. Implementation of a competitive environmental strategy in the Carpathian region of Ukraine requires active and coordinated work of government authorities, scientific institutions, NGOs and the private sector. This will help to preserve and rationally use the region's environmental resources, ensure its sustainable development and improve the quality of life. Value/Originality. The paper suggests and evaluates the environmental competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the Carpathian region of Ukraine using the integrated index of environmental competitiveness based on the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Trends in cognitive-linguistic research on metonymy

Abstract This article is a brief introduction to the theory of conceptual metonymy and a brief survey of research on this area. The first section presents the cognitive-linguistic notion of metonymy, including a discussion of the various problematic aspects of this notion. This is followed by a longer section illustrating some of the main types of metonymies. The section devoted to the ubiquity of metonymy surveys research on its involvement in cognition, grammatical meaning and form, pragmatic inferencing and discourse, linguistic change, and non-linguistic areas like art and gesture; it ends with a brief note on metonymic triggers and chains, and on its multilevel operation. The chapter ends with a reflection on future directions.

УПРАВЛІННЯ СВІТОВИМ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИМ ПРОСТОРОМ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ОБМЕЖЕННЯ

The article substantiates the necessity of managing the global information space, reviews current legal provisions, identifies opportunities and limita- tions of managing the global information space. The ambivalence of the glo- balization of the information space is revealed, and the properties and prin- ciples of global management are determined in accordance with its features. The legal support for the regulation of the global information space at the level of international, regional and national legal acts is considered. The current actors of potential global information space management are presented. The challenges and problems of regulating the global information space at the in- ternational level are analyzed. Prospective directions for overcoming existing limitations and solving problematic aspects are determined. The possibilities of managing the global information space are based on: existing legal norms and standards, their flexibility within the general provisions of international law and national legislation, on the initiatives of public organizations, expert associations, which can quickly respond to current challenges; on the use of information technologies as an internal mechanism for regulating the informa- tion space; on the implemented network approach with a hierarchical structure of multiple management groups that interact on the basis of a large number of relationships, which corresponds to the logic and pace of globalization. Limi- tations of the global information space management include: non-adapted to modern dynamic conditions and non-unified regulatory and legal support; the lack of transparency and impartiality in international political relations due to the asymmetry in the distribution of resources and the deep integration of the information space into various spheres of social life; irradiation of the conse- quences of management measures in the regulation of the world information space on the functioning of other spheres of social life and the speed of deve- lopment of the world information infrastructure.

Spatial and component structure analysis of the inclusive circular economy: SGICE

Modern statistics and scientific research consider the circular economy rather one-sidedly, essentially as recycling and reuse of resources. The article proposes methodology (concept) of the global inclusive circular economy, which can be considered as a complex multidimensional system, the main components of which are the economic, sociological, ecological and circular aspects of the country's life. To achieve this goal, the GNU regression, econometrics and time-series library was used – an applied software package for econometric modeling, a part of the GNU project. Accordingly, we will define the global inclusive circular economy as the SGICE (Global Inclusive Circular Economy) system, characterized by the vector of functions. For the most exhaustive consideration of the entire range of opportunities of the global inclusive circular economy, the study developed and accordingly analyzed the integrated index of the development of the global inclusive circular economy (IGICE) by ecological, economic, social and circular components with isolated weakly correlated indicators. The ranking of countries was carried out separately by the components of the index, on the basis of which circular cores were distinguished: the social component (Belgium, the Czech Republic, USA, China, France, Greece, Austria, Australia), the ecological component (Japan, Denmark), the economic component (Germany, China), which became the basis for the model of formation of global inclusive circular chains. The conducted cluster analysis based on the component indicators of the index of the global inclusive circular economy confirmed the formation of a large circular gap (gap) in the ecological and circular components. This indicator is introduced for the first time and makes it possible to comprehensively analyze the country and highlight additional effects that arise from the moment of implementation of circular business projects and the inclusion of the country (on the basis of firms, corporations) in global circular chains of added value. After all, the main problematic aspects are the illegal trade in waste and growing smuggling, which cause serious negative social consequences and actualize the inclusive component in the justification of the global inclusive circular economy paradigm. Waste reduction combined with wise use of resources has the potential to address the gap resulting from the scarcity of natural resources and a growing global population or consumption. The formation of circular trade will contribute to: the determination of priority materials for trade and the required level of processing capacity, coordination of material quality standards, promoting demand for used goods and secondary raw materials, removing unnecessary regulatory barriers and avoiding environmentally harmful activities such as non-compliance, poor regulation and informal recovery.

Age-related features of the choice of inhalers in chilren and adolescents with bronchial asthma and other respiratory diseases

The inhalation way of drug delivery seems to be the most logical for respiratory diseases. However, the most important condition for the effectiveness of inhalation therapy in children and adolescents along with the correct choice of the active substance is the selection of the optimal device and adequate execution of the inspiratory maneuver. When prescribing therapy attention should be paid to the inhalation technique of a particular patient and also take into account the likelihood of side effects when using certain devices. The article provides data on factors affecting the pulmonary deposit of the drug, the internal resistance of various inhalers which have the greatest informativeness for choosing a device along with the assessment of the inspiratory flow rate developed by the patient. The most problematic aspects of drug delivery to the respiratory tract in children under 5 years of age and in patients with inadequate inhalation rate are analyzed. The principles of correct inhalation are discussed which are necessary to obtain an optimal respiratory fraction. It is known that the problem of synchronizing inhalation with the moment of receipt of the drug is the most important when using metered – dose aerosol inhalers. In children this problem can be solved by using a spacer or using nebulizers that convert the liquid form of the drug into an aerosol using compressor air. Individual selection of an inhaler depending on the abilities and preferences of the patient in some groups of patients can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy without increasing the dose of medications. The article presents up-to-date data on digital inhaler systems and the possibilities of using electronic devices for monitoring and using the inhaler.

Theosis als verleiding: Calvijns theologie als tegenwicht

The patristic notion of deification has become popular because of a retrieval of Eastern theological motifs, dissatisfaction with Western modernity, and the attractiveness of spiritualities of transformation. Some Reformed theologians embrace the idea of deification, others decidedly reject it because of the distinction between Creator and creature, and problematic aspects of participation ontologies. Calvin’s theology shows a logic of participation that is more theologically balanced than the idea of deification. While the terminology of deification is unhelpful, the aspects of participation (in Christ) and transformation suit a Reformed theology well.

Perché la «sociologia pubblica» resta controversa

The public sociology promoted by Burawoy has met with consensus and skeptical voices over time. The debate has focused mainly on the model of disciplinary division of labour and on the interactions between the different types of sociology. In the scientific community, however, the implications connected to the concrete implementation of public sociology have been discussed in a fragmented way. Starting from the contributions on the topic found in the Italian debate, this article proposes a reflection on the problematic aspects connected to the construction of the sociologist’s relationship with the public. The critical comments concern both traditional and organic public sociology. The article also raises objections regarding some epistemological assumptions of the public sociology conceived by Burawoy, highlighting the possible misunderstandings that derive from them. In the conclusions, attention is drawn to the potentially fruitful contributions that can come from some developments in public social research.

On some the trends in the development of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry

The article is devoted to some aspects of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry, including the problematic aspects of determining the legal status of the body of inquiry as a participant in criminal proceedings. The authors note that despite a number of changes in Russian legislation, a considerable number of issues concerning the procedural position of the body of inquiry in the criminal process of Russia still remain unresolved. The prosecutor has always had a wide range of powers in relation to the inquirer's proceedings, however, the reform of pre-trial proceedings in 2007 not only narrowed the prosecutor's powers during the preliminary investigation, but also created additional conditions for a possible reduction in the prosecutor's powers in the field of procedural management of the inquiry. In this regard, the paper examines the question of the validity of granting the prosecutor a significant amount of powers in relation to the bodies of inquiry. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific dialectical method of cognition, as well as the complex application of such methods as analysis, historical, formal-logical, system-structural and statistical. The conducted research allowed us to formulate conclusions according to which the modern development of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry should be associated not so much with amendments to the criminal procedure legislation limiting the scope of the prosecutor's powers, but rather with increasing the effectiveness of the prosecutor's activities in the context of digitalization. It is argued that the wide range of powers available to the prosecutor in relation to the bodies of inquiry is seen as traditional, expedient and justified.

Recent developments in the polybenzoxazine based bionanocomposites: A review

AbstractAn overview of bionanocomposites of polybenzoxazine, which is a highly promising material, is presented in this review paper along with an update on the current developments in this material. With an enormous range of applications, polybenzoxazines are emerging as a latest set of phenolic resins. Its favorable features make it an excellent replacement for many current polymers due to its simplicity in structure design, synthetic process, and polymerization reactions. Problematic aspects of petro‐based raw materials are their nonrenewable nature, toxicity, and rising expense. Hence, the advent of sustainable benzoxazines is promising since it enables the synthesis of monomers without the need for solvents and the processing of these monomers to create extremely thermally stable thermoset resins. This is particularly true when the monomer is derived from naturally occurring, agro‐waste cardanol. A platform for additional structural alterations to expand the uses of cardanol benzoxazine in adhesives, composites, and energy storage devices is provided by its intrinsic properties. There are numerous articles are available for biobased polybenzoxazine, and hence, the focus of the present review is dedicated to (1) nanomaterails loaded bio‐based polybenzoxazines, and (2) bio‐derived nanomaterials loaded polybenzoxazines.

SIMILARITIES OF LEXICAL-SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

This article deals with corpus linguistics, ideas about the corpus and its parallel corpus link, its structure, corpus types, tokens, lemmas, stemming. Today, the theoretical and practical significance of the corps is in the study of the existing possibilities of language in Uzbek linguistics, the identification of problematic aspects of linguistics, the creation of electronic dictionaries, increasing the effectiveness of modern information technology in language learning, automatic translation, search and computer analysis. In solving problems, there is a need to build a corpus of language in specific areas.

Criminal Legal Measures to Counteract the Activities of Financial Pyramids in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of this study is to examine ways to counteract the activities of financial pyramids. To achieve this purpose, the study employs methods such as logical analysis, formal-legal analysis, dogmatic analysis, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction. The study defines the concept of a “financial pyramid,” identifies its characteristics, signs, implementation principles, role, and influence on the socio-economic life of the state. Statistical data from the Republic of Kazakhstan were analysed, leading to the conclusion that the number of criminal activities in this category increases annually. Moreover, regions where these illegal activities are most prevalent were identified. In this regard, an analysis of Kazakhstan’s legislative framework was conducted, specifically the Criminal Code of 1997 and 2014, highlighting key problematic aspects and normative-legal conflicts. A comparative legal analysis was also conducted, comparing the experiences of countries such as the USA, Poland, Germany, among others.