Problematic Aspects Research Articles

Analytical capabilities of reports on research activities of universities: Current practice and prospects

Subject. The article considers various types of reporting as sources of information on the research activities of higher education institutions in Russia to assess its effectiveness. Objectives. The aim is to examine the current reporting system based on the specifics of the activities of Russian universities in order to identify problematic aspects of the presentation of information on research and development, determine further prospects for improving the structure and content of reporting on the results of research activities of universities. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis, synthesis, observation, systematization, classification, comparison, generalization. Results. We reviewed forms of statistical monitoring of university activities in the field of research and development, the structure and content of reporting, examined the structure and content of university self-examination reports characterizing research activities, investigated possibilities for evaluating the research activities of the report on intellectual capital of universities, integrated reporting, and comprehensive public reporting of universities. Conclusions. All reports are generated with varying level of detail, the same information is duplicated in different forms of reporting, some reports are overloaded. Reporting is mainly aimed at satisfying the interests of government regulators and does not meet the needs of other stakeholders. This necessitates the development of modern advanced reporting concepts, taking into account the specifics of universities to meet the needs of a wide range of users.

Problematic aspects of the inspection of the scene during the investigation of traffic accidents

The article is devoted to the study of problematic aspects of the inspection of the scene during the investigation of traffic accidents. During the presentation of the main material, it is emphasized that given the specificity of the investigation of traffic accidents and the «saturated» trace picture during the inspection of the scene of the incident, certain problematic aspects of the inspection may negatively affect the effectiveness of the pre-trial investigation and the fairness of the final decision in the case. It is indicated that the participants in the traffic accident are persons who already have a procedural «status» in the criminal process. This can be a person whose rights and legal interests may be limited or violated, or another person whose rights or legal interests are limited during the pre-trial investigation. The presence of these persons during the inspection must be reflected in the protocol of the inspection of the scene of the incident, which in turn gives them the right to familiarize themselves with the contents of the latter. It is noted that the use of continuous video recording by the investigator during the inspection of the scene of the traffic accident, recording the participation of the inspection participants in the protocol and ensuring their right to familiarize themselves with the materials should increase the effectiveness of this investigative (search) action. It is indicated that the collection of evidence by the prosecution must be carried out in accordance with the legal procedure. It is proposed to make changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which would allow the prosecution to record the testimony of technical devices and technical means that have the function of photo and video recording, before entering data into the unified register of pre-trial investigations, by analogy with the inquiry procedure. It was emphasized that the video material obtained from the car video recorder by illegal entry into the vehicle is inadmissible evidence, and such actions should entail the liability provided for by law. It is emphasized that the investigator’s ban on any person from leaving the place of inspection before its completion and taking any actions that interfere with the inspection is legal only if the person is recognized as a participant in such an inspection. Considering the procedural consequences, such a ban cannot be considered a criminal procedural detention.

Problematic aspects of the process of digital transformation of the Slovak Republic and protection of personal data

Problematic aspects of the process of digital transformation of the Slovak Republic and protection of personal data

Dynamic capabilities research in international marketing: a systematic literature review and direction for future research

PurposeThis study intends to (1) systematically review methodological, theoretical and empirical aspects of dynamic capabilities (DCs) research in international marketing; (2) identify problematic areas and gaps in the reviewed literature and (c) provide directions to address problematic aspects and fill the gaps in future research.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies a systematic literature review methodology and covers 97 articles published between 2001 and 2022 in peer-reviewed journals ranked 2, 3, 4 and 4* in the Academic Journal Guide 2021.FindingsThe content analysis shows that (1) methodologically, the literature is dominated by single-country studies conducted mostly in Asia and Europe on a cross-section of industries, mostly adopting survey-based approaches with a cross-sectional time emphasis; (2) theoretically, dynamic capabilities view is mainly accompanied by resource-based view, followed by institutional-, organizational learning- and internationalization theories; and (3) according to the nomological network, DCs are predicted by firm-characteristics, factors related to networks/relationship/partnerships and managerial characteristics, while they act as predictors of performance-related, strategy-related and operational change and renewal-specific outcomes. Several problematic aspects and gaps for each part of the review are diagnosed.Originality/valueThe authors provide a comprehensive assessment of current knowledge on methodological, theoretical and empirical aspects of the relevant literature, map a nomological network of variables surrounding DCs in international marketing research and offer future research directions capitalizing on the problems and gaps identified in the review.

Update on the assessment of the condition of lands and their restoration, following the consequences of martial law

The article is devoted to the study of selective problematic aspects regarding the assessment of the condition of the lands and the needs and possible ways of restoring the lands that were damaged as a result of the military actions of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the need and difficulty of clearing mined areas, which should be done with an integrated approach, but this process requires and will require a large amount of time and resources. The main focus is on the need to create a comprehensive strategy for land restoration, which will include damage assessment, development of new legal acts, as well as implementation of mechanisms for the protection and restoration of land resources as a component of the environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to introduce so-called «red zones» in the most dangerous and polluted territories, where economic or personal activities are dangerous for the health of the population, which needs to be taken into account, including the period of active hostilities in certain territories. The article also considers the experience of other countries that faced such problems, in particular, for example, the country of France after the First World War, and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation with the organization of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to ensure effective restoration of lands. In addition, it is proposed to introduce amendments to the tax legislation of Ukraine for a balanced temporary exemption of land owners or land users from taxes for the time of restoration works, which will contribute to more efficient use of resources. In addition, it was noted that the state government should take all organizational measures as much as possible in order to receive reparations for crimes against the environment from the aggressor country. The work emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the environmental policy of Ukraine with the norms of the European Union in the context of European integration, because Ukraine has a European integration course and environmental changes are also one of the conditions for joining the European Union, so the reconstruction of destroyed cities should already be in accordance with the norms of the European Union.

Regarding the problematic issues of the application of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On measures to prevent and reduce the use of tobacco products and their harmful effects on the health of the population» No. 2899-IV

The article examines the problematic aspects of the practical implementation of Articles 16, 16¹ of the Law of Ukraine «On measures to prevent and reduce the use of tobacco products and their harmful effects on the health of the population» in the context of distinguishing between the concepts of advertising and promotion of the sale of tobacco products, as well as advertising and promotion of sales devices for consuming tobacco products without burning them. On the basis of the analysis of current legislation, answers to the following questions were formulated: firstly, whether the promotion of the sale of tobacco products is the placement of a QR code on the tables of a restaurant, which contains a link to the Internet, which contains the menu of the restaurant and information about the available sale of tobacco products, hookah devices, hookah preparation services, devices for consumption of tobacco products without burning them, electronic cigarettes (Article 16 of Law No. 2899-VI); secondly, whether advertising and promoting the sale of tobacco products, placement of tobacco products and/ or information about them on visible elements of equipment or on shop windows of business entities in illuminated boxes or on elements that contain images, drawings, background inserts, color which differs from the color of commercial equipment (Article 16 of Law No. 2899-VI); thirdly, whether advertising and promoting the sale of devices for consumption of tobacco products without burning them, placing devices for consumption of tobacco products without burning them and/or information about them (description, prices, etc.) in retail trade places on external elements of the equipment of illuminated advertising structures, background inserts, the color of which is different from the color of retail equipment, and which contain devices for consuming tobacco products without burning them and/ or information about them (description, prices, etc.) (Article 16¹ of Law No. 2899-VI); fourth, whether it is advertising and promoting the sale of devices for consuming tobacco products without burning them, placing information about the manufacturer of devices for consuming tobacco products without burning them, as well as placing devices for consuming tobacco products without burning them outside the places of sale of these products (Article 16¹ of Law No. 2899-VI).

Domestic Violence: Modern Challenges and Areas of Counteraction In Ukraine

Objective: The purpose of the article is to determine the role and significance of the interaction between the police and society as the main factor in combating crime, taking into account Ukrainian and foreign legislation, different opinions of scholars and empirical data. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical basis for this study is the scientific studies dedicated to fundamental issues of human interaction in modern conditions, the essence and general social significance of the institution of the family, as well as have thoroughly studied the problems of domestic violence. Method: The methodological basis of the research is systemic, comparative and legal analysis, formal and legal method, interpretive method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Results and Discussion: A number of problematic aspects of the essence of combating domestic violence has been analyzed, which made it possible to form an understanding of this phenomenon as an extremely complex and multifaceted category that depends on a number of factors both at the individual and public levels. Contributions: It has been concluded that it is important to distinguish the areas of combating domestic violence for a more complete understanding of this process, especially in terms of large-scale armed aggression and new digital challenges. In particular, it has been emphasized on such areas as the prevention of domestic violence by servicemen and veterans, as well as the active use of digital technologies in fighting against domestic violence.

Das also war des Pudels Kern oder: „Geflügelte Worte“ als Phrasemklasse? – Problemfelder und begriffliche Präzisierung

Abstract As a class belonging to phraseology, winged words are characterized above all by the fact they are also used in other contexts as quotations, especially from literary texts (e.g., Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie from Goethes Faust I), thus acquiring a life of their own. However, they can be referred to the original sources in the consciousness of the language user. Forms of expression from areas other than literary areas, such as movies and television, advertising, etc., are increasingly gaining a comparable status in public language use. The imprinting of these expressions often stems from the fact that winged words are not only or no longer used as quotations but also used as a means of commenting on facts, evaluating them, etc., and at the same time calling up knowledge scenarios that refer to the original context of use as backgrounds for understanding. Over time, new patterns of expression may be established by modifying parts of the original formulation so that – expressed in construction grammar – new situationally adaptable form-meaning pairs can emerge. Based on this “phraseologization mechanism”, problematic aspects of phraseology theory are identified and discussed using the example of Das also war des Pudels Kern. Finally, suggestions are made for the conceptual sharpening of the category “winged words”.

Waste management system: sanitary-epidemiological and environmental aspects

Introduction. Despite the positive trends in the field of industrial and consumer waste management, issues related to the legal regulation of activities to eliminate objects of accumulated damage to the environment and its relationship with activities to eliminate unauthorized landfills remain unresolved. A separate and important problematic aspect is the assignment of waste to a certain hazard class and their subsequent accounting and neutralization. The study aims to consider the established practice of using sanitary-epidemiological and environmental legislation in the management of industrial and consumer waste, including in assessing their toxicity. Materials and methods. The authors conducted the study using an information and analytical method for analyzing regulatory documentation and scientific publications from the databases Elibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Techexpert, Consultant, etc. They also compared the topical issues of assessing the toxicity of production and consumption waste and identified the specifics of the methodology for calculating the amount of damage as a result of unauthorized waste disposal. Results. It has been established that one of the optimal solutions in the issue of assessing the hazard class of waste may be to bring the criteria for their classification according to the degree of toxicity to uniformity, as well as the development of a single document carried out by institutions regardless of departmental subordination. Studies conducted to determine the amount of damage as a result of unauthorized disposal of production and consumption waste and to establish the hazard class of waste must comply with the requirements of uniformity of measurements and accreditation in the national system, respectively. To correctly calculate the amount of harm, you need to use the value of the mass of waste with the same hazard class. The availability of separate documents in sanitary-epidemiological and environmental legislation can significantly affect the calculation of the amount of harm due to various methods of determining the hazard class of waste, as well as the timeliness of identifying the long-term impact of waste on the environment and public health. Limitations. The study is limited to the analysis of law enforcement practice in the field of waste management, as well as the results of research in domestic and international literature. The analysis will allow researchers to consider non-obvious and controversial issues in the planning of activities. Conclusion. Updating documents on the establishment of the hazard class of waste should be carried out considering law enforcement practice. The absence of duality in compliance with the established requirements in both the field of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological legislation can be a guarantee of the reliability and truthfulness of research. This will allow you to make the right management decisions. Ethics. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee.

«The man of the system»

The article reviews the monograph by I.E. Barykina ("A typical St. Petersburg official" Count Dmitry Andreevich Tolstoy (1823-1889): The experience of the biography of the minister. M.; St. Petersburg, 2022). Noting the merits of the book by I.E. Barykina, the author of the review dwells on the problematic aspects of D.A. Tolstoy's biography. In particular, his role as an official in charge of the Academy of Sciences and Russian universities is considered, as well as a rare combination of the roles of a dignitary and a scientist in the bureaucratic environment of the hero of the reviewed essay.

EMIGRATIONAL TRAUMA OF WAR IN VLADYSLAV IVCHENKO’S LITERARY VISION

The Russian war against Ukraine has been going on for 10 years and continues to influence the national culture in a very distinctive way. Over the past decade, this traumatic event has created a peculiar cultural discourse where literature has taken a special place. Its new stage, which began in February 2022, not only gave rise to an even more intense artistic reaction to the lived experience of Ukrainians, but also opened up prospects for new literary themes and methods of their interpretation. Trauma in its individual and national dimensions naturally became the central issue in such texts. Vladyslav Ivchenko’s book “After the 24th” clarifies and complements the discourse of the cultural reception of the war, describing its front and rear experiences in real time. The trauma of forced emigration, triggered by the full-scale Russian invasion on February 24, 2022, is a new problematic aspect that requires special attention. The author of the paper analyzes a new dimension of the emigrational trauma, related to the war experiences of Ukrainian refugees. Through the fates of three individual women, Vladyslav Ivchenko demonstrates the prospects of Ukrainian national trauma, which includes the loss of homes, loved ones, and, most importantly, the belief that the world and life could return to what they were before February 24, 2022. The trauma of forced emigration continuously offers new perspectives for understanding the behavior of a national culture during the war, particularly in the context of creating wartime literature, which is an effective component of the trauma recovery process. Literature plays an important role in this context, and Ivchenko’s book exemplifies this role most effectively.

Identification of Legal Psychology as an Independent Branch of Law

The science article conducts a theoretical and legal analysis of a new field of scientific knowledge – legal psychology from the standpoint of its perception as an independent branch of law. In the context of the above, the problematic aspects of legal psychology as a scientific, educational and applied branch of legal knowledge are studied on the basis of previously developed by legal psychologists levels of interaction and integration of law and psychology. The formation of legal psychology as a science and vectors of application of its achievements in judicial practice is analyzed. The author's approach in the formation of a new independent branch of law – legal psychology and determining its place in the classification of branches of law is proposed. The author emphasizes the need and urgent demand for the separation of legal psychology as a separate special branch of law that can regulate specific legal relations inherent in the fundamental (profiling) branches of law. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in domestic legal science the division of the legal system in the field is assessed not in terms of its practical value, but rather in terms of confirming and defending certain scientific and theoretical ideas and concepts, contrary to the expediency of combining certain legal relations in the branch of law to achieve the desired social result through comprehensive study and regulation of specific relations. This, in turn, slows down the formation of new branches of law demanded by legal practice, among which legal psychology is singled out. It is emphasized that the question of the branch affiliation of legal psychology has not only theoretical but also practical significance, uniting individual legal relations in the field of law in order to achieve the desired social result through comprehensive study and regulation of these relations. Attention is drawn to the special classification of legal psychology as a special branch of law, as the latter combines the rules of law governing public relations and related to primary social relations aimed at concretization, strengthening certain rules of basic branches of law, while providing special legal regime for a particular type of social relations. By subordination in legal regulation, legal psychology belongs to the procedural types of branches of law, as it combines the rules of law that determine the procedure, the order for implementing substantive law (criminal procedure, civil procedure, commercial procedure, administrative procedure law). It is proposed to include legal psychology in an independent branch of law, given the presence of features that are inherent in the branches of law; the specificity of the regime of legal regulation; its direct connection with the needs of practice; recognition of its achievements in judicial practice; unification of certain legal relations in the subject of law; conditionality of functional purpose and the place of this industry in the legal system (its type in the classification of industries).

TRENDS IN E-HEALTH AND PECULIARITIES OF THE PRACTICE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION ON THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL SERVICES USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of the research. The article discusses practical issues and problematic aspects related to the practice of dispute resolution on the provision of medical services using digital technologies both in pre-trial and judicial proceedings. The current judicial practice in the field under consideration is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and trends in the settlement of disputes on the provision of medical services using digital technologies. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that the specific features of the consideration of disputes on the provision of medical services using digital technologies are limited by special legislation regulating this area, i.e. the mode of use. It is proved that the way of organizing the provision of medical services using digital technologies does not significantly affect the legal nature of relations within the framework of a contract for the provision of medical services, but differs in a special mode of its provision.

Accounting and reporting of investment real estate: new approaches and controversial aspects

The development of market relations in the healthcare system increases the interest of medical organizations in acquiring investment real estate. Not so long ago, significant changes occurred in Russian regulatory documents regarding the accounting of investment real estate. Such real estate began to be isolated from other assets of organizations. Russian accounting standards introduced new rules for the recognition, initial and subsequent assessment, accounting and reflection in the reporting of these objects. The article examines the features of the approaches of FSBU 6/2020 “Fixed Assets” to the accounting and reporting of investment real estate. These approaches are compared with the regulations on accounting and reporting of investment real estate in the international standard IFRS (IAS) 40 “Investment Property”. Both aspects of convergence of Russian and international rules for accounting for investment real estate and the differences between them are identified. Controversial and problematic aspects of the rules for accounting for investment real estate in Russian and international standards are substantiated. Ways to solve problematic and controversial issues of accounting for investment real estate are argued.

Анализ проблем современного человека в аспекте теоретического наследия Франкфуртской школы

The article is devoted to the analysis of problematic aspects of modern human existence within the discourse of the Frankfurt School, which views modern social reality as a totalitarian system, formed under conditions devoid of a proletariat. In this context, the revolutionary idea, in the hands of outsiders and the intelligentsia, transforms into a means of governance and power. The social reality is examined as functioning according to the rules of technocracy and the simulacrum of mass media. Under the influence of an enslaving “repressive civilization”, modern man becomes a mere functionary within it, while the popularization of the ideology of utility and profit inevitably leads to the potential manipulation of both individual and collective thinking. Representatives of the Frankfurt School propose as a means of solving this problem ‒ the restoration of true Reason, acting as an antipode to the global, uniform mind. The authors analyze key philosophical ideas concerning the spiritual and corporeal unity of human beings, as well as the discourse on anthropological and cultural-natural integrity. The human being is considered in the context of a need for an actual social reality functioning according to the principles of love and reason, creativity and artistry, self-identity, and self-sufficiency.

Problematic aspects of pork classification for customs purposes

The features of the modern classification and terminology for meat (pork), adopted in Russia in accordance with current interstate standards, as well as for customs purposes, are analyzed and considered.

The beginning of the Neolithic in the central Balkans

Since 2020 a wealth of new data has been generated on the beginning of the Neolithic in the central Balkans. The picture that has emerged is broadly consistent with the Wave of Advance model, with the first farmers arriving in the region around 6250 BC and expanding gradually towards the north. In this paper, an updated review of the evidence and interpretations is presented, and potentially problematic or ambiguous aspects of the current interpretations of the Neolithic expansion in the Balkans are identified. Alternative hypotheses and means of their testing are also discussed.

Problematic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence for accounting in agriculture

The possibilities and main directions of application of artificial intelligence for the organization of accounting are shown. The modern level of digitalization of agriculture is presented in the context of the applicability of artificial intelligence elements for accounting automation. The main problems hindering promising areas of digitalization of accounting work in agriculture are shown.

АУДИТ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ РИНКОВОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ В УПРАВЛІННІ КЛАСТЕРАМИ

The article discusses the issue of the audit of the implementation of market infrastructure in the management of clusters, which is a key factor for increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of modern economic systems. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the role of market infrastructure in the development of cluster formations, which contributes to the synergistic effect, the unification of enterprises, scientific institutions and other business entities to achieve common economic goals. The purpose of the study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of market infrastructure in the management of clusters and determine its impact on the effectiveness of the functioning of cluster formations in Kyrgyzstan. The main attention is paid to the assessment of infrastructural components, such as logistics, financial services, information technology and institutional support, which ensure the competitiveness and sustainable development of clusters in the conditions of the modern economy. The object of the study is auditing methods and approaches used to assess the effectiveness and risks of innovative processes of introducing market infrastructure during cluster management. Research methods: logical and meaningful method, methods of comparison, systematization, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, coefficient method. The main hypothesis of the follow-up. Effective implementation of market infrastructure in the management of clusters has a positive effect on their competitiveness and ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The lack of proper infrastructure or its shortcomings can significantly limit the potential of clusters in achieving a synergistic effect and ensuring economic growth. Present of the main material. The authors highlight methodological approaches to the audit of market infrastructure, including the analysis of key indicators such as logistics and information networks, financial and credit institutions, as well as government support mechanisms. The importance of conducting an audit to identify problematic aspects that prevent the efficient functioning of clusters and to develop recommendations for their elimination is substantiated. Originality and practical significance. The study also presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the introduction of market infrastructure on the competitiveness of clusters and their ability to adapt to changes in the global economic environment. The issue of integration of cluster strategies with regional and national economic plans was separately considered. On the basis of empirical data, conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of infrastructure changes and practical recommendations for improving cluster management are offered. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The results of the audit show that the market infrastructure is a key element that contributes to the development of clusters, ensuring effective interaction between the participants of the cluster association, improving their productivity and competitive advantages. Implementation of infrastructure components, such as modern information and communication technologies, financial institutions and logistics networks, is crucial for improving the efficiency of cluster management.

Problematic aspects of medical artificial intelligence. Part 2

The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are growing at an unprecedented pace. These technologies have many useful applications, from machine translation to medical image analysis. A large number of such applications are currently being developed, and an increasing number of such applications is expected in the long term. Unfortunately, weaknesses and other unpleasant aspects of AI have received insufficient attention. In this review, we consider a whole range of already known problems and possible risks associated with the use of innovative neural network technologies, paying special attention to the ways of preventing real dangers and potential threats in order to expand the range of stakeholders and profile experts involved in the discussion of current issues of medical AI cybersecurity, formation of responsible approach to the vulnerabilities of neural network platforms, increasing the reliability of equipment protection for its safe use, as well as the importance of legal and ethical aspects of regulating the use of AI. Despite certain challenges described in our review, it is clear that AI will be an important element of the healthcare future. As the population continues to age and the demand for healthcare services grows, neural networks are expected to drive healthcare very soon, especially in the areas of medical image analysis, virtual assistants, drug development, treatment recommendations and patients' data processing. We would like to emphasize that while we recognize the innovative role that digital technologies and AI can and should play in strengthening the domestic healthcare system, we should not overlook the importance of timely and accurate assessment of their beneficial or negative impact on the industry to ensure such management decisions do not unnecessarily divert our attention and resources from non-digital approaches and research. This article is a continuation of the article by Berdutin VA, Romanova TE, Romanov SV, Abaeva OP. Problematic aspects of medical artificial intelligence. Part 1. Sociology of Medicine. 2023;22(2):202–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/socm619132