Corruption is the antonym of progress, like an anchor that prevents us from emerging. Banishing unfair practices that compromise the money of all Peruvians and have a direct impact on social development is a priority that reaches all levels. The need to protect and safeguard the public treasury and private assets against act of corruption is today an obligation on the part of the state and specifically of criminal law. Seven years after the promulgation of Legislative Decree 1385 and the appearance of the crime of corruption in the private sphere, we note that progress is negligible. The justification of regulatory compliance programs in the private sector, in addition to being necessary, requires control and verification systems that allow their effective and real compliance. Thus, strengthening business ethics, controlling risk management and providing entrepreneurs with mechanisms that allow them to identify acts of corruption within their organizations will have a direct impact on acts of corruption that constitute one of the main barriers that impede the progress of any society.

Impressionable years: How life course transitions shape gender ideologies across adolescence and young adulthood.

Purpose Despite decades of academic and practical interest in the family council as a governance mechanism, there continues to be ambiguity around the definition, hindering both theoretical development and practical implementation. This perspective article aims to address this gap by clarifying the conceptual inconsistencies underlying the term family council, introducing new philosophical insights and bridging the divide between scholarly rigour and real-world relevance. Design/methodology/approach Applying conceptual elucidation procedures (synthesis and analysis) from the philosophy of science, we systematically review existing definitions to identify syntactic and semantic inconsistencies. Drawing on Arendt’s necessity–freedom dichotomy, we analyse the etymological tension between the terms family (a necessity-driven private sphere) and council (a freedom-based public institution). This approach ensures a combination of empirical grounding and depth of theoretical inquiry. Findings Our findings suggest that the idea of a family council is an oxymoron. The traditional nuclear family is found to lack the conditions necessary for deliberative governance. We first classify the inconsistencies into three categories: functional overlap with other governance bodies, ambiguous units of analysis and imprecise terminology. We then propose strategies to address them. Next, we argue that a functional family council requires a shift towards a business family mindset, based on the principles of freedom, plurality and reciprocity. This shift allows the council to operate as a hybrid mechanism, reconciling private family bonds with public decision-making functions. Originality/value This article makes three contributions. First, we illustrate how clarification procedures can resolve conceptual ambiguities, providing a replicable framework for future research. Second, using Arendt’s philosophy, we reveal the contradictory nature of the family council and propose prerequisites to address these issues, thereby providing a novel perspective in the family business literature. Third, we suggest practical criteria for families to evaluate their preparedness for a council, thereby bridging theory and practice.

ABSTRACT Kinship care is a historically persistent phenomenon that has been utilised as a form of alternative care across the world for centuries. It is increasingly being considered as the first choice in national and regional policies for alternative care of children. This paper will focus upon the literature surrounding the paradoxical position that formal kinship care holds in the public and private spheres of child welfare. Considering the added complexity of conceptualisations of family and familial dynamics, the potential added barriers to children and young people's participation in kinship care decision‐making will be discussed. The position of children's participation in kinship care decision making will be compared with other types of placements for looked after children. Theoretical constructs and frameworks including adopting an ecological approach will underpin this discussion to elucidate the relationship between children's participation and kinship care decision‐making. Broader implications will be discussed for how children's participation may be improved for kinship care decision‐making, the link between children's participation in decision‐making and placement outcomes and how future research may contribute to bridging the gap between policy and practice.

BackgroundTo date, the social participation of breast cancer survivors has mainly been studied in terms of their return to work, while long-term studies on participation in social activities are rare. Against this backdrop, we analyze the influence of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors on breast cancer survivors’ social activities on average five years following first surgery. Furthermore, we identify social subgroups that are most affected by low levels of social activities, taking long-term breast cancer-related complaints into account.MethodsThe study population is based on a multicenter longitudinal study on return to work after breast cancer. We used data of a third follow-up study with n = 372 breast cancer survivors, corresponding to a response rate of 81.9% with regard to the first sample. Participation in social activities comprises the dimensions of ‘sociocultural participation’, ‘social participation in institutions’ and ‘social participation in the private sphere’. Logistic regression analyses and CHAID decision tree analyses were applied to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors (school education, income and occupational position), sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, labor force participation and migration status) and the number of cancer-related complaints on social participation.ResultsFive years after the primary surgery, younger survivors (≤ 61 years) with a high number of breast cancer-related complaints showed the greatest limitations in ‘social participation in the private sphere’. Marital status, labor force participation and migration status were of less importance in all the dimensions of social participation considered. By contrast, all socioeconomic factors proved to be significantly associated with sociocultural participation. In particular, women with a low household income with more than two breast cancer-related complaints were identified as a vulnerable group in terms of low sociocultural participation.ConclusionsWe found evidence of social inequalities in participation in social activities among breast cancer survivors. Our results indicate that a comprehensive assessment of social participation and early intervention are required to prevent long-term limitations in social activities, especially in socially disadvantaged breast cancer survivors.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-025-15297-0.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the dual role of individuals as consumers and citizens in sustainability transitions, clarifying the connection between private and public spheres. It examines how the purchase of local and organic food products among Italian consumers correlates with other pro-environmental behaviours as well as environmental concern, lifestyle, trust and contextual and socio-demographic variables, under the perspective of ecological citizenship. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data on more than 72,000 households from the Italian Multipurpose Household Survey (2014 and 2019–2021). Data are analysed using an ordered probit model focusing on the frequency of local and organic products purchases. Findings Results show that higher levels of environmental concern, trust in institutions and people, other pro-environmental behaviours and various socio-demographic characteristics significantly increase the likelihood of purchasing local and organic food products. These findings support the idea of consumers as ecological citizens in sustainable consumption behaviour. Practical implications Findings offer valuable insights for promoting sustainable food choices, going beyond individual preferences but evaluating consumption as a form of active participation in public life through choice. Originality/value Using large-scale data, this study applies the concept of ecological citizenship to consumption, highlighting how private choices connect with public responsibility and emphasising the role of institutions, trust and environmental concern in supporting sustainable behaviour.

The institutional importance of human capital as the main asset of Ukraine is shown, its modern structural elements are revealed. The role assigned to national human capital within the framework of the work of the thematic block “Human Dimension” of the High-Level Ukraine Recovery Conference, held in Rome in July 2025, is highlighted, as well as the adoption of the Human Capital Resilience Charter based on its results. It is emphasized that the losses of Ukraine’s human capital, incurred as a result of the prolonged full-scale military confrontation with the Russian Federation, have a significant impact on the national labor market and the dynamics of the post-war reconstruction of the Ukrainian state. The authors give various examples of the implementation of significant practical measures to preserve Ukraine’s human capital, carried out by tripartite social partners throughout the entire period of martial law in the country. Attention is drawn to the scale and potential socio-economic consequences of educational losses of human capital, in particular, in the domestic spheres of higher and vocational education. Taking into account the relevance of the World Bank conclusion on the conditionality of a rather low level of labor productivity in Ukraine by the mismatch of workers' skills with the needs of the national labor market and the requirements of employers, the article substantiates the dependence of filling the losses of human capital of Ukraine on the improvement of professional, digital and other skills of the workforce necessary in the information and network society. Taking into account the specified dependence, as well as the tasks of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine’s economy and its obligations to integrate into the common educational space of the European Union, the authors prove the urgency to strengthen the connection between educational and employment. It is revealed that a necessary institutional basis for meeting the specified need is created in the course of Ukraine's implementation of educational reforms, which began in the pre-war period. It is noted that at the moment, the reform of higher education is being carried out within the framework of the Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine for 2022–2032, which corresponds to the obligations of Ukraine as a member of the European Higher Education Area. At the same time, the reform of the domestic system of vocational education is based on the norms of the Osnabrück Declaration (2020) and the Herning Declaration (2025). Characterized the novelties of the Law of Ukraine “On Vocational Education”, which entered into force in September 2025. Attention is focused on the need for urgent resolution of problems caused by the Law’s imperfection. Its primary problems include: first, the lack of proper financial support for the planned transformation of the vocational education system, which creates a threat of increasing the burden on local budgets, a significant part of which are already in deficit; and secondly, the lack of legislative and normative regulation of the mechanism for the reorganization of vocational education institutions.

Javanese women in Sleman Regency continue to face role conflict stemming from traditional expectations as “konco wingking” (a term denoting their prescribed role within the domestic sphere) and the increasing demands of dual-earner family structures that necessitate public engagement. Despite the enduring influence of conventional gender norms, a significant number of women engaged in micro-entrepreneurial activities have successfully contributed to household income, mitigated economic burdens, and achieved greater financial independence. This study seeks to formulate a strategic model for economic empowerment through digital entrepreneurship within the tourism sector, aiming to foster a balanced integration between women's domestic responsibilities and public participation. Utilizing a mixed methods sequential explanatory approach, this study integrates quantitative data from 50 participants with qualitative insights derived from in-depth interviews with 30 informants. The findings indicate a marked gap between the participants’ limited digital entrepreneurial competencies and their considerable need for structured capacity-building initiatives. Nevertheless, the presence of robust familial support has played a pivotal role in enabling these women to manage and reconcile their domestic and public responsibilities. In response to these findings, the study proposes a holistic empowerment model that prioritizes digital skill development, institutional support mechanisms, and community-driven collaboration—aimed at strengthening women’s dual roles and promoting sustainable economic and social empowerment.

This study examines the portrayal of women in folktales from the Bangka Belitung region through a feminist literary criticism approach grounded in Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist theory. The research aims to identify how female characters are represented and how cultural values and gender ideology are embedded in these narratives. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the study analyzes five folktales Asal Usul Penyusuk, Batu Balai, Kayu Kundi, Batu Belah Batu Betangkup, and Putri Mayang selected for their relevance to local cultural traditions. The findings reveal that women are predominantly depicted as compassionate, obedient, and self-sacrificing, reflecting patriarchal norms that define women’s roles within domestic and social spheres. Methodologically, the study integrates textual analysis and feminist interpretation to uncover ideological patterns within the stories. The significance of this research lies in demonstrating how folklore functions as a medium that both preserves cultural values and reinforces gendered power structures. The results offer important implications for gender-responsive literary education, highlighting the need for critical engagement with traditional narratives to promote more inclusive and equitable interpretations in contemporary learning contexts.

Although women are no longer confined to the domestic sphere and their presence in Algerian public spaces is widely recognized and socially legitimized, gender disparities persist, shaped by enduring socio-cultural factors. Public spaces are not only key sites where urban inequalities are produced and manifested, but also central arenas for exploring, developing, and implementing solutions. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach combining questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and in situ observations, this study examines the gendered dynamics of use and participation in Oran's public spaces (Algeria). It investigates how gender influences attendance patterns, spatial perceptions, and civic engagement within broader urban production processes. The findings reveal differentiated practices and persistent inequalities in access to participation, exposing a discrepancy between institutional discourses that promote inclusivity. This research emphasizes the importance of urban planning sensitive to socio-cultural contexts, offering concrete recommendations to planners and policymakers to promote more equitable and inclusive public spaces.

The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between ensuring national security and respecting human rights amid contemporary multidimensional threats. It substantiates the need to achieve a legitimate balance between protecting state interests and guaranteeing fundamental rights and freedoms through the principles of the rule of law, legality, necessity, and proportionality. The security agenda is shown to encompass military aggression, hybrid influence, cyberattacks, disinformation, corruption, and institutional weakness, which together shape a complex risk profile for the state. The effectiveness of the state’s response is determined by the quality of legal mechanisms: clear procedures for data access and communications oversight, procedural safeguards, independent judicial review, parliamentary oversight, and institutional transparency. A classification of threats and crimes against the foundations of national security by the object of encroachment is proposed (sovereignty and the constitutional order; defense capability and critical infrastructure; information and economic security), enabling targeted preventive tools and risk-management policy adjustments. A comparative analysis of democratic practices confirms that an optimal model is based on clear boundaries for interference in the private sphere, multi-level oversight, and legal remedies for individuals whose rights may be restricted. It is emphasized that any restrictions must be necessary, time-limited, and proportionate to a legitimate aim; their introduction should rely on risk assessment and sufficient reasoning. The practical value lies in formulating criteria for the legitimacy of security decisions, a model of interaction between the state and civil society, and recommendations for harmonizing national legislation with international standards. The article concludes that the resilience of a democratic system is ensured not by prioritizing security over rights, but by building a legal architecture in which security guarantees the realization of rights and freedoms and strengthens institutional trust.

Among the current issues regarding the theoretical and legal foundations of the unity and stability of the concept of military law, it should be noted the multiplicity of definitions. It is designated as «military law», «military law and national security law» or «national security law and military law», «national security law», «military security law», «military sphere law», «military defense law», etc. The polyvariability of definitions and different interpretations of their content may indicate the absence of a well-established understanding of the subject, and therefore the circle of legal relations that regulates / should regulate the branch of military law both now and in the future, in the perspective of the development of relevant legal relations. Not to mention the qualitative development of legislative regulation of state-building practice in this area. The decisive conceptual factors that form the modern vector of development of the definition of military law, as an expression of the content of the relevant legal concept, are the progress of Ukraine as a democratic, legal state and the adjustments that the war brings to the life of the entire Ukrainian society and state, to all legal relations. The list of legal relations that arose in connection with martial law, both in the public and private spheres and are regulated by the norms of military law, has been significantly expanded. Obviously, the existing understanding of military law, as the «organizer» of the functioning of military formations and the protection of the state in the event of armed aggression or armed conflict, does not reflect the involvement of the entire Ukrainian society in the sphere of state security and defense. In the process of searching for a suitable definition, one should take into account the semantics of the use of the senses of the word «military». Thus, «military» – everything that happens during war, directly relates to war; «military» – everything related to the army, armed formations, their structure, material and technical support, organizational measures, legal grounds, policy in this area. As well as the correlation of the concepts «national security law» and «military law». In addition, one should pay attention to the established use of the wording «related to war» and «under martial law». It is possible to propose for scientific discussion the understanding of the concept of military law as a complex, integrated, interdisciplinary branch of law that regulates the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, the interaction of society and the state in the sphere of state security and defense. An expanded understanding of the content of the concept of military law mediates the possibility of further defining concepts «derived» from it. It is possible to propose for discussion by specialists the understanding of the concept of military justice as a system of bodies that ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, the interaction of society and the state in the sphere of state security and defense. The concepts of «military court proceedings», «consideration of certain categories of cases regarding administrative and criminal offenses committed by servicemen» and «system of military courts» should be distinguished. Thus, the concept of military justice can be understood as the proceedings of various jurisdictions in cases regarding legal relations in the sphere of military law. Military law regulates all legal relations regarding the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, the interaction of society and the state in the sphere of state security and defense. Therefore, «military offenses» is a much broader concept than «offenses, committed by military personnel». The analysis of judicial practice on the consideration of cases in disputed legal relations related to the war, obviously, indicates a wide range of theoretical and applied issues, in particular regarding the correlation of the concepts of «military offenses», «offenses, committed by military personnel», «offenses, related to the war» (by analogy with judicial practice in cases «related to the war»), which require further research.

Domestic violence is one of the most acute socio-legal problems of modern Ukraine, which significantly affects the safety, health and well-being of citizens. Its spread is systemic and goes beyond the private sphere, directly affecting the social structure of society, the level of trust in law enforcement agencies and the effectiveness of legal protection. The article conducts an analytical and legal study of the trends and dynamics of criminal convictions under Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine for the period 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate a steady trend towards an increase in the number of criminal convictions for domestic violence: from 853 convictions in 2020 to 2,177 in 2024 and 1,465 in the first nine months of 2025. The share of such sentences in the overall structure of court decisions also gradually increased from 1.24% in 2020 to 2.64% in 2024. This dynamics demonstrates not only the growth of the official response of the state, but also the increase in public attention to the problem. However, a significant number of cases remain latent due to the fear of victims, economic dependence and distrust of protection institutions. In order to deepen the analysis, Ukrainian statistics were compared with international data. In particular, in England and Wales in 2024, 851,062 crimes related to domestic violence were registered, and 51,183 criminal prosecutions were registered. Such an example demonstrates the effectiveness of systematic data collection, the stability of law enforcement practice and developed response mechanisms. French statistics reveal a particularly tragic dimension of the problem: in 2021, 143 deaths related to domestic violence were recorded, 85% of the victims were women, and in 19% of cases children were present. The generalization of the results obtained shows that domestic violence is complex in nature, and effective counteraction requires a combination of criminal law, preventive and social instruments. In Ukraine, positive dynamics of law enforcement are observed, but further improvement of the policy should be aimed at developing preventive mechanisms, strengthening the system of protection of victims and ensuring transparent statistical monitoring. The experience of other European countries can become the basis for the formation of a holistic and effective strategy to combat domestic violence at the national level.

This study examines the complex intersection of gender, family dynamics, and artistic identity in the compositional life of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (18051847). Against the backdrop of nineteenth-century bourgeois patriarchy, where women were confined to the private sphere, Fannys creative career was profoundly shapedand constrainedby her brother Felix Mendelssohns aesthetic influence and social authority. Using comparative and textual analysis of Fannys unpublished raw evidence of letter text, alongside their extensive correspondence, this research investigates how mentorship, affection, and patriarchal values coexisted within their sibling relationship. The findings reveal that Felixs guidance simultaneously nurtured Fannys technical mastery and reinforced her dependence, generating a form of stolen autonomy that defined her artistic self-conception. Her hyper reliance on his approval functioned as both inspiration and inhibition, illustrating the emotional mechanisms of gendered control in nineteenth- century musical culture. Ultimately, this paper argues that Hensels later works constitute acts of subtle resistance, reclaiming creative autonomy within a restrictive domestic order.

Orientation: Domestic workers constitute a vulnerable workforce and one from which we can further our understanding of marginalised gender identities at work. Moreover, they represent an understudied context for exploring work identity. Research purpose: This article explored the work identity of domestic workers in South Africa with a particular focus on the multiple contexts in which they develop and maintain a sense of identity. Motivation for the study: The aim of the study was to increase our understanding of the role of context in the development, regulation and negotiation of work identity in a non-managerial sample. Research approach/design and method: Using a multiple case study design, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six domestic workers, to explore their identity negotiation in context. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Main findings: We combined extant understandings of work identity and context to examine domestic work identity in the relation to the contexts and multiple identities involved in its construction and negotiation. We identified three contexts in which identity-related sense-making occurs – the job, the employment context and the broader national societal context. Within these contexts, we pinpoint multiple social identities the participants develop and negotiate. Practical/managerial implications: These findings can guide policy makers in regulating the domestic worker employment sphere. Contribution/value-add: We have developed a nested model of identity contexts to illustrate the complexity and interrelatedness of domestic worker’s identity work which can serve as a basis for understanding other forms of contextual identity work.

The article is devoted to the study of means of ensuring information and legal regulation in the agro-industrial complex and the identification of directions for improving the legislative system that determines them. The concept of «means of ensuring informational and legal regulation of the agro- industrial complex» is proposed to be defined as a set of instruments aimed at implementing legal norms that regulate the protection of information regarding agro-industrial security, the use of modern technologies for the exchange and use of information regarding agricultural production, the food and processing industry, and the carrying out of work on the cultivation, harvesting, storage and processing of agricultural products. Attention is focused on such a means of information and legal regulation in the agro-industrial complex as the distributed registry technology used in maintaining the State Agrarian Register. A promising direction for improving legislation on the use of distributed ledger technology in the agro- industrial complex is proposed to be its use for confirming and transferring any contracts and property in the private and public spheres, the object of which is land resources, food and processing industry goods, and agricultural products. The information and legal support measures related to the publication of information related to the agro-industrial complex were analyzed, namely: the creation of a section within the updated web portal of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy for information support of Ukrainian exporters of agricultural products, food and processing industries; posting up-to-date information about the external market situation on the official website of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy; introduction of an information system for producers of agricultural and food products who create cooperatives to form commodity batches for export, regarding the conditions of access to the market. Directions for improving legislation regarding the algorithm of their application were proposed. It was determined to be expedient to approve the Regulations on the publication of information related to the agro-industrial complex.

This research examines the critical role of supplier collaboration in advancing sustainable procurement practices within Temeke District’s Blue Economy a coastal zone in Tanzania where marine resources underpin livelihoods yet face escalating environmental pressures. Despite national policies promoting sustainable ocean governance, implementation gaps persist due to fragmented regulations, power imbalances, and the marginalization of informal suppliers. This study addresses an underexplored link: how collaborative relationships between buyers and suppliers enable or constrain sustainability outcomes in complex, resource-dependent contexts. Adopting a mixed methods approach, the research engaged diverse stakeholders across public, private, and community spheres. Findings reveal that transactional procurement paradigms dominate, stifling innovation and ecological stewardship. Trust deficits and restrictive contractual frameworks inhibit meaningful partnerships, while pervasive informality excludes suppliers with invaluable place-based knowledge. Nevertheless, intermediary actors, such as NGOs and community leaders emerge as vital bridges, fostering adaptive solutions through locally embedded dialogue. The study identifies key barriers, including conflicting sectoral policies, financial exclusion, and gendered occupational segregation, which limit inclusive participation. Conversely, enablers like co-designed "Sustainability Compacts" and intergenerational knowledge exchange offer pathways for reform. Recommendations prioritize integrated governance, supplier empowerment funds, and gender-responsive platforms to reconfigure collaboration as a catalyst for equity and resilience. By centering Temeke’s socio-ecological realities, this research contributes a framework for transforming procurement from a compliance exercise into a regenerative force. It argues that effective Blue Economy transitions require redistributing agency to frontline suppliers not as contractors, but as custodians of coastal futures.

This study examines gender relations and role dynamics among women working in health services (Puskesmas). The research conducted in depth interviews to uncover the paradox in the workplace with eight months of PAR involving 15 healthcare workers in Yogyakarta. Although the majority of health workers are women, organisational structures and leadership practices continue to adhere to masculine values, such as assertiveness in decision making. This creates a workplace where women are underrepresented in leadership roles. In the domestic sphere, the main findings of this service demonstrate that women working in professional fields face a double burden, characterised by the phenomenon of two shifts, where they are solely responsible for both their household and professional responsibilities. This physical and mental burden places women in the role of home coordinator and family emotional bearer. In couple relationships, a collaborative or team model is used, but patriarchy remains, albeit modified. Couples maintain symbolic boundaries of masculinity and patriarchy in the form of cultural residue. Despite this, the interviewees demonstrate a high level of critical awareness, viewing nature as a social construct, rejecting rigid gender dichotomies, and adopting a flexible and functional understanding of gender.

This essay focuses on literary representations of the dynamic between the normative or mainstream self and the other, the foreigner or outsider who is perceived as a threat, in works by North American writers who are arguably “ethnic” and “diasporic”: Gary Shteyngart's novel Our Country Friends and Amitava Kumar's autofiction titled A Time Outside This Time: A Novel. These literary texts respond to the perceived threat especially in times of public crises such as the recent pandemic, from within the private sphere. They foreground but also critique an autoimmunitarian response from those who endeavor to secure themselves against the threatening other. In highlighting diasporic perspectives this chapter foregrounds the "transatlantic" aspect (the threat is often seen as originating in overseas immigration). In direct or indirect ways the works discussed here shed light on American cultural life from the edges of the nation or countries far outside its borders. These counternarratives resist the dominant narratives propagated in the public sphere, for instance by the state. The mode of resistance can vary, and may take the ironic form of promoting a Mithridatic inclusion of the other. This could offer a new way out of the self-harming problematic of autoimmunity in social as well as personal contexts.

Background: Pregnant women with psychiatric disorders are vulnerable to mental health decline and obstetric complications. Although physical activity (PA) benefits pregnancy, little is known about how its domains-household, occupational, transport, leisure-manifest in this group and relate to outcomes. This study examined PA patterns across domains and their associations with psychiatric symptom severity and obstetric outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional subanalysis included 64 pregnant women with psychiatric diagnoses at a public maternity hospital in Brazil. PA was measured using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, diagnosis via SCID-5-CV, and symptom severity with the Clinical Global Impression. Obstetric outcomes came from medical records. Only moderate-to-vigorous PA was analyzed. Results: Most participants (84.6%) met WHO recommendations for weekly PA, mainly through household activities (median: 315min/week). Leisure, transport, and occupational domains showed minimal activity (median: 0min/week). Higher household PA was linked to adverse obstetric outcomes (P = 0.009). Leisure-time PA was associated with gestational diabetes (P = 0.003). No significant correlations appeared with psychiatric severity. Conclusion: While overall PA volume met health recommendations, it was predominantly in the domestic sphere. These patterns reflect structural and gender-based vulnerabilities and underscore the importance of context and autonomy in evaluating the health impacts of physical activity during pregnancy in this population.