Private Strategies Research Articles

Reconsidering automotive development strategies in Argentina in the light of the ASEAN experience

We compared the Argentinian automotive industry’s trajectory since 2000 with those corresponding to three ASEAN economies: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. We aimed to identify factors explaining the divergence among the four cases and to draw valuable conclusions for the re-design of Argentinian automotive policy. First, we considered the productive and foreign trade performance among the four cases. We then reviewed key industrial policies conducted over the period. Comparative analysis highlights the Thai experience, which posted outstanding performance on both industrial expansion and trade surplus. Moreover, we examined the high potential for selective policies incentivizing specific products and technologies, which can promote private strategies more aligned with macroeconomic stability and industrial development in Argentina.

Irrigation water demand management to address water scarcity

Improving irrigation water productivity is one of the most important ways to deal with water scarcity. Water pricing is considered a crucial tool for water demand management. This research aims atestimating the price elasticity of irrigation water demand in public and private areas of Nadhour using an Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS). The paper assesses the economic performance of farming system and compares the value of marginal productivity (VMP) of irrigation water to the prices of water. A structured questionnaire and field visits were used to collect data from 140 farmers. Results show that irrigation water demand is less responsive to water price variation. Estimated elasticities are-0.69 and -0.44 respectively in the public and private schemes. The total irrigated area and farmers’ status are the most significant determinants of water demand. Results showed that water productivity in private farming systems is higher than recorded in public farming systemsand the VMP of irrigation water exceeds the prices paid for water

Towards Multi-Client Forward Private Searchable Symmetric Encryption in Cloud Computing

As a useful cryptographic primitive, searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) has been intensively studied to achieve the secure and efficient retrieval of encrypted data. In order to process update operations, dynamic SSE schemes have been proposed. But recently, file-injection attack has threatened the security of traditional dynamic SSE protocols. Therefore, designing dynamic SSE schemes with forward privacy becomes a new demand to resist the above attack. Meanwhile, multi-client setting is another requirement in SSE techniques where multiple clients can be delegated and have access to the database. However, most of previous forward private schemes were constructed for single-client setting and cannot directly extended to multi-client environment efficiently. To solve the problem, we propose a forward private SSE scheme with support for multi-client in cloud computing. The proposed scheme is based on XOR-homomorphic function and involves two new data structures as private link and public search tree. Security proof demonstrates the proposed scheme can meet the desired secure features. We then conduct experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme and make comparison with related schemes. The result shows that the proposed scheme tends to have high efficiency.

The Exclusionary Nature of Hyperdensity: Hong Kong's Volumetric Urban Compaction as Liveability Model for Exclusionary Interiorized Settings

East Asian urbanization is characterized by complex processes of extensive densi fication. Fuelled by rapid economic growth, Asian cities' size, scale, and physical dimensions remain incomparable to any Western se ing. During the past thirty years alone, various concepts have a empted to de fine hyperdensity, layering, and intensity as core principles of Asian urban development. Although these concepts explore the physical properties of development, few examples provide insights into the behavioural and social dimensions of such complex morphological se ings. This paper examines the eff ects of urban compaction and volumetric urbanism on liveability in East Asian cities. Hong Kong exempli fies an extreme scale and rate of densi fication. Podium developments – commercial plinths elevated above street level that connect large residential towers to commercial complexes – are one of the city's most common development types. The hypothesis is that the combination of diff erent types of podium development results in the interiorization of the urban realm, which compresses public services, social engagements, and behavioural conditions into diverse privatized and fragmented 'public interiors'. To explore these conditions, this paper first outlines the conceptual premise of reading urban se ings through the lens of volumetric urban compaction. This framework combines urban compaction and volumetric urbanism. Second, the paper discusses theories that deal with the links between spatial se ings and behavioural traits. Privatization is of particular interest here, including those processes in which the private and the public become interchangeable conditions or where the temporary occupation of functions occurs. The diff erent concepts – volumetric urban compaction and interiority – are studied within Olympian City, a podium development in Kowloon (Hong Kong). Through fi eldwork, the case is investigated in terms of the elements that make up Olympian City's spatial con figuration and how diff erent groups use space at diff erent times of the day and week. The case study shows that Hong Kong's development follows an economically driven model of volumetric urban compaction; it supports a larger privatization strategy that depends on the interiorization of the city to the extent that makes the overall structure highly exclusive, static, and controlled.

Investigation of Fake Insider Threats on Private Cloud Computing Services

Cloud-based services are service system mechanisms used by companies or organizations in conducting computerized and integrated transactions in a computer network. A service system must of course be balanced with a level of security. This is used to anticipate cyber crimes that have the potential to occur. Cloud-based services themselves are usually offered by a Cloud Service Provider (CSP). CSPs are generally configured so that they are accessible on the public internet for their services. Companies that prioritize data security want a system that is safe from a series of cyber crimes. Private cloud computing scheme is a solution that can be implemented as an alternative. The problem that occurs is the possibility of MITC (Man in the Cloud) attacks that infiltrate and manipulate identities so that they are detected as fake insider threats on cloud systems. This thesis aims to carry out threat analysis with the Man in the Cloud attack technique on private cloud computing services based on a study of the ISO 27032 standard. Reports and documentation of the results of the analysis are expected to become recommendations for the cybersecurity investigation and management process related to threats to cloud services with private schemes cloud computing.

5GMEC-DP: Differentially private protection of trajectory data based on 5G-based mobile edge computing

Machine learning has become a core technology in areas such as big data, Internet of Things, and cloud computing. Training machine learning models requires a large amount of data, How to protect these data with low cost and high efficiency is an important issue. This paper proposes a trajectory data collection model based on the 5G-based mobile edge computing, and uses the service characteristics of the MEC server to propose a differentially private protection scheme of trajectory data based on 5G-based mobile edge computing (5GMEC-DP). If the encrypted location information does not belong to the service range of the current MEC server, it will be projected to the service edge of the MEC server, thereby limiting the amount of noise of the Geo-Indistinguishability algorithm, making it suitable for the protection of trajectory data, and it also proves that the 5GMEC-DP algorithm still satisfies the definition of ε-Geo-Indistinguishability. Finally, experiments on the real data set prove that 5GMEC-DP can maintain the high practicability of the data when the degree of privacy protection is high. At ε=0.001 and ε=0.0005, Average Qloss of each coordinate in the trajectory decreases by 64% and 81%, respectively, compared with Geo-Indistinguishability algorithm. The overall database availability loss decreases by 64% and 82%, respectively.

Global value chains, food and just transition: a multi-scale approach to Brazilian soy value chains

ABSTRACT The article analyses the Brazilian soy value chains using a justice-based, multi-scale approach following the international debate on just transition to sustainable and healthy food systems in the context of climate change. It highlights the challenges and limits to promote just transitions based on dominant global value chains, while assessing private strategies as false solutions for sustainability and climate change. The multi-scale approach allows for linking global trends and private strategies to their intersections with local and national food systems. Systemic drivers of inequalities together with parameters for promoting food and environmental justices are the backdrop of the approach.

Has the acceleration of privatization become inevitable in Bahrain?

AbstractBahrain remains the most vulnerable Gulf country due to its limited savings and sharp rise in debt levels, leaving it exposed to high financing risks. The financial crisis has been deepened by the economic double blow of the decline in oil prices and the effects resulting from the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Bahrain has decreased subsidies and increased taxes on many products. Those measures seem, however, insufficient to mitigate the negative impacts on the economy. This paper presents a model based on a comparison between fast privatization and gradual privatization strategies undertaken in some Bahraini economic sectors. It shows that the contribution of privatization to economic restructuring is only as effective as the commitment of the government to maintain a high pace of privatization. This condition can provide needed revenues, and can particularly foster private investments and initiatives. Therefore, it may represent an appropriate context to elevate Bahrain out of the present equilibrium characterized by slow privatization and government dominance on the economy.

Ibn Sina: A patient privacy‐preserving authentication protocol in medical internet of things

The prosperous advancement in Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) technologies has hastened the development of healthcare systems. MIoT improves the traditional medical facilities through periodically monitor of patient’s health records. Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are sensitive private data and needs efficient secure and private schemes that interchange these EMRs between healthcare providers and patients. Most of the current privacy preserving schemes do not provide the desired privacy level and suffer from computation and communication overheads.The length of an IDentity-based Strong Designated Verifier Signature (IDSDVS) is short. IDSDVS has low communication and computational costs. Moreover, it gives the signer (the patient) a control over whom can verify his signature. This feature allows patients to choose the verifier and keep the privacy of their Electronic Medical Records (EMR). This paper presents a new privacy-preserving authentication protocol in Medical Internet of Things (MIOT) that achieves patient privacy in MIoT. Precisely, we propose two new IDSDVS schemes. Utilizing the random oracle model, we show that these two schemes satisfy the security conditions. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed IDSDVS schemes by comparing them to related schemes in the literature. The proposed schemes achieve lower costs of communication and computation than related schemes.

Rise and fall (and recovery?) of the blueberry business in Argentina: an analysis of private and public–private strategies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how Argentina has successfully developed a non-traditional export business such as blueberry, explain the causes of the most recent competitive crisis and analyze the emerging public–private strategies as a response.Design/methodology/approachThe unit of analysis of this study is the blueberry agro-system which is a complex network of backward, forward and lateral linkages with specialized buyers, suppliers, institutions and other economic agents. Considering the qualitative and relational nature of the dimensions studied, a case study methodology was adopted. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources through in-depth interview techniques and documentary analysis. These techniques were complemented by the processing of quantitative information to enrich the analysis and put the case into a broader context.FindingsThe main finding of this study is that Argentina's export-oriented business model based on off-season high prices and scarcity of supply in the Northern Hemisphere markets must be revised and reformulated. This revision, already underway, was triggered by the Peruvian competition and is driven by the firm compromise of companies and chambers and in many cases has the backing of public bodies; this revision is an open-ended process in which the success of efforts to recreate profitability and competitiveness of the sector is not guaranteed.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study methodology implemented in the study implies that the main findings cannot be directly extrapolated to other fruits or crops. In fact, lessons and policy implications for other sectors should be conceived with caution. Another limitation is that the research relies on the perspectives of domestic stakeholders who have to respond and adapt to specific rules established by traders and supermarkets. The views and perspectives of these big companies, which manage a buyer-driven global value chain, could not be incorporated and is an area for further research.Originality/valueThe study uses the concept of temporal window to analyze the business opportunity for off-season fresh fruits exports. This concept is a key to understand both the development of a modern value chain in a South American country to market blueberries in the Northern Hemisphere and the crisis created by the emergence of new more competitive suppliers such as Peru. The main explanatory factors are historical, technological, institutional, firm-related and market.

Intermittent Private Information Retrieval With Application to Location Privacy

We study the problem of intermittent private information retrieval with multiple servers, in which a user consecutively requests one of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> messages from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> replicated databases such that part of requests need to be protected while others do not need privacy. Motivated by the location privacy application, the correlation between requests is modeled by a Markov chain. We propose an intermittent private information retrieval scheme that concatenates an obfuscation scheme and a private information retrieval scheme for the time period when privacy is not needed, to prevent leakage incurred by the correlation over time. In the end, we illustrate how the proposed scheme for the problem of intermittent private information retrieval with Markov structure correlation can be applied to design a location privacy protection mechanism in the location privacy problem.

Strategic and competitive advantages of the agricultural sector in Querétaro, Mexico

Objective: To characterize agricultural production in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, during 2018 in order to provide information that can facilitate business decision-making and lay out public and private strategies for the development of high-value projects in agrifood production. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis was conducted through bibliometric exploration and collection of statistical data, available on different public-access agrifood statistics information platforms. Results: The municipalities of Pedro Escobedo, Colón, San Juan del Río, and El Marqués established grain, vegetable, foraging grass, and rose crops through private sector productive projects with an agribusiness perspective, using available knowledge, technological innovation, and market intelligence. Study Limitations/Implications: A lack of information to allow establishing the current agricultural vocation of the state of Queretaro. Findings/Conclusions: Based on the perspectives of specialized markets at the national and international level, Querétaro possesses diverse strategic and competitive advantages for the establishment of high-impact agricultural projects.

Education in Serbia in the context of globalization: geopolitical, regional and anthropological dimensions

The processes of globalization are inseparable from the reduction of national sovereignty and state powers, Westernization and universalization of culture and standardization of the educational sphere. One of the main phenomena in the educational sphere in the era of globalization has been the system of dual education, borrowed from Germany, where it arose on the basis of specific historical conditions, and extended to other countries, however, with a key change in the goals and results of this project, in particular for the country in question — Serbia. Here, the dual system is designed to bring the educational sphere in line with globalization processes, in fact, to subordinate the national and state interest in this elfkbnmimportant area to the geopolitical and private commercial strategy. The dual system is focused on the main “pillar of globalization”: the labor market, and, as a result, it removes the ethical and organizational restrictions of the educational process, which is asymmetrically, to the detriment of the fundamental theoretical part, is reduced in favor of practical production. The reduction and relativization of general education programs lead to the formation of a new anthropological type of student and graduate of the dual system, in which the postmodern consciousness, skills and “competences” necessary for the globalization cult of the deregulated market are cultivated. However, the deficit of cognitive competencies, along with the build-up of technical skills, leads, on the one hand, to an increase, and not a decrease, in the exploitation by foreign enterprises in the country itself, and on the other hand, ironically, to an outflow of technically qualified personnel to the country that is the source of the dual education model — Germany, as well as to other industrially and technologically advanced countries of the world.

Transformation as transnational process: German-Czech economic relations after 1989

ABSTRACT The article deals with German-Czech economic relations after 1989, focusing on foreign direct investment and joint ventures, the role of the German-Czech Chamber of Industry and Commerce as well as on German consulting assistance in the Czech Republic. It demonstrates that both sides were strongly interested in cooperating with each other, but that there were also problems and ambiguities. Due to its rather “nationalist” privatization strategy, the Czech side was generally critical of foreign interference. Regarding German-Czech economic cooperation, it had to deal with painful memories of National Socialism as well as with restitution claims by (parts of) the expelled German population group. This fuelled the fear of German “colonization”, which could only partly be dispelled by the German side. In fact, German representatives often displayed a certain superiority, but at the same time knew rather little about the Czech Republic. The article concludes that 1989 was not a caesura in every respect, but that historical legacies played an important role during the 1990s. Furthermore, the example of German-Czech economic relations refutes narratives suggesting that the East adapted or assimilated to the West and makes it clear that the post-socialist transformation was a non-linear and conflictual transnational process.

A strong Mittelstand as a beacon of the social market economy? how historical legacies influenced privatization strategies and outcomes in Brandenburg and Saxony

ABSTRACT The incorporation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) into the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990 meant the introduction of representative democracy and the model of a social market economy. The backbone of the West German “success model” was a strong set of small- and medium-sized companies – the so-called Mittelstand. This paper asks: 1) How did the governments of the newly formed states of Saxony and Brandenburg try to utilize their respective historical legacies to foster the build-up of a strong Mittelstand? 2) How did they use their imagined economic past to offer a narrative for state citizens and entrepreneurs? 3) Which strategies did they choose to engage with the federal privatization agency? While Brandenburg tried to profit from its geographical proximity to the new/old capital Berlin, the Saxon state government wanted to build on the success of Saxon entrepreneurship on the world market in the 1920s, with an attempt to ignore the changes of the post-1945 period. I argue that the latter approach in particular caused political collateral damage in the long-term, as the narrative lacked substance and contributed to a feeling of neglect in regions where the reality could hardly be reconciled with the official narrative.

Private and Secure Distributed Matrix Multiplication Schemes for Replicated or MDS-Coded Servers

In this paper, we study the problem of \emph{private and secure distributed matrix multiplication (PSDMM)}, where a user having a private matrix $A$ and $N$ non-colluding servers sharing a library of $L$ ($L>1$) matrices $B^{(0)}, B^{(1)},\ldots,B^{(L-1)}$, for which the user wishes to compute $AB^{(\theta)}$ for some $\theta\in [0, L)$ without revealing any information of the matrix $A$ to the servers, and keeping the index $\theta$ private to the servers. Previous work is limited to the case that the shared library (\textit{i.e.,} the matrices $B^{(0)}, B^{(1)},\ldots,B^{(L-1)}$) is stored across the servers in a replicated form and schemes are very scarce in the literature, there is still much room for improvement. In this paper, we propose two PSDMM schemes, where one is limited to the case that the shared library is stored across the servers in a replicated form but has a better performance than state-of-the-art schemes in that it can achieve a smaller recovery threshold and download cost. The other one focuses on the case that the shared library is stored across the servers in an MDS-coded form, which requires less storage in the servers. The second PSDMM code does not subsume the first one even if the underlying MDS code is degraded to a repetition code as they are totally two different schemes.

Mutual funds: Performance evaluation of select debt schemes

Mutual funds are one of the important financial instruments for the financial sector. Mutual funds provide an opportunity for investors to invest in a variety of diversified portfolio investments and also help to achieve their financial objectives. The mutual fund industry has been responding veritably fast in the Indian financial market in the last ten years as it provides further promising results to investors. The Indian mutual fund industry has over the last year seen a dramatic improvement in terms of volume as well as the quality of the product and service offerings in recent times. The study measures the performance of Mutual Fund (MF) schemes in India with special reference to public and private debt mutual fund schemes. A total of 16 schemes were selected from the four asset management companies. The evaluation was attained by applying various financial tools like Rate of Return, Standard Deviation, Beta, Sharpe Ratio, Jenson Ratio, and Treynor Ratio. The data contained comes from the various authorized websites and factsheets of funds. When public and private mutual funds were analogized, the private mutual fund companies were commencing much better than public mutual fund companies for the investors to invest in.

College choice & the consumer: the impact of gender on higher education enrollment

ABSTRACT As marketization and privatization strategies become commonplace in higher education, it is essential for institutions to understand how students make decisions about college choice. Students as consumers engage in complex college choice decision-making that is often impacted by institutional and personal characteristics, such as cost, location, academics, ethnicity, and gender. This concurrent, mixed methods case study brings together a college choice model and a model of consumer behavior to understand how women make decisions about enrollment. Results of the study indicate that women place significant emphasis on feelings related to fit, safety, and comfort. Moreover, the research indicates that considerations of the student as consumer metaphor should expand to include more complex identities and phases. The study also contributes a new theoretical perspective on marketing in higher education, suggesting personalized communication, segmentation, and marketing plans that can be used when recruiting women and consumers to their institution.

PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS ON STUDENT BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY AT PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN HANOI

Student behavior management is an important activity of teachers to ensure effective teaching and educational activities. Student behavior management is considered a basic skill that any teacher who wants to improve awareness and manage students must be able to do. The article used quantitative research methods combined with qualitative research methods to understand the actual behavior of students in private primary schools and strategies, as well as methods of teachers in private primary schools, adopted to manage undesirable behavior and encourage positive behavior. Participants in this research are 51 private primary teachers enrolled in the College to Master of Education with a specialization in private primary schools. Research results show that primary school students have many different behaviors in the teaching process, these behaviors affect the progress of the class and the classroom atmosphere, the relationship between teachers and students, and students with students. Teachers tend to implement an educational philosophy of positive discipline, and methods and strategies of student behavior management are student-centered. The methods and strategies used are diverse and popular. On the other hand, teachers also spend a considerable amount of time understanding the situation, creating close relationships with stakeholders, namely students' families, in order to have an appropriate way to manage student behavior. Therefore, behavior management methods and strategies are individualized for each student.

A Private Strategy for Workload Forecasting on Large-Scale Wireless Networks

The growing convergence of various services characterizes wireless access networks. Therefore, there is a high demand for provisioning the spectrum to serve simultaneous users demanding high throughput rates. The load prediction at each access point is mandatory to allocate resources and to assist sophisticated network designs. However, the load at each access point varies according to the number of connected devices and traffic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a load estimation strategy based on a Markov’s Chain to predict the number of devices connected to each access point on the wireless network, and we apply an unsupervised machine learning model to identify traffic profiles. The main goals are to determine traffic patterns and overload projections in the wireless network, efficiently scale the network, and provide a knowledge base for security tools. We evaluate the proposal in a large-scale university network, with 670 access points spread over a wide area. The collected data is de-identified, and data processing occurs in the cloud. The evaluation results show that the proposal predicts the number of connected devices with 90% accuracy and discriminates five different user-traffic profiles on the load of the wireless network.