To explore how cancer survivors experience work-related well-being and aspects influencing their experience of it, one year after cancer treatment. During the development of a work-related intervention, cancer survivors (n = 22, 67% was female, age md 56years) were interviewed using purposive sampling one year post chemo-/radiotherapy for breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. Inductive content analysis was applied. The first year after treatment was described as a transition period in which cancer survivors strove to regain their general well-being but were able to experience work-related well-being even when their general well-being was limited. Their work-related experiences were characterised by a balance between personal readiness for work participation and workload. Daily life and working life were described as interdependent, requiring strategies to maintain balance. There was a vulnerability in handling the demands of work. Both general well-being and work-related well-being were promoted by the absence of side effects and the availability of guidance and responsiveness from caregivers and employers. One year after treatment, cancer survivors considered participation in work life to be important for their well-being. At the same time, the need for enhanced preparation was expressed for balancing work and private life, managing remaining side effects, and navigating ongoing rehabilitation. Our results suggest that the interplay between personal preparedness and work-related stress is central to work-related well-being, highlighting the importance of addressing work-related aspects early in treatment. The findings also indicate that available resources in cancer rehabilitation are underused relative to patients' individual needs. Cancer survivors desired a more holistic rehabilitation, as both general well-being and work-related well-being encompass life after illness as well as the process of returning to work. Strengthening and clearly defining the role of contact nurses regarding work-related issues, and establishing early collaboration between thecancer survivor, employer, and rehabilitation coordinators, can improve support for return to work. Further research is needed to investigate how these discussions and support efforts can be structured and how models and theories can be applied to contribute to increased focus on issues related to work-related well-being after cancer.

This paper advances a bounded-universe claim about choice architecture: Jung's Psychological Types (1921) is not treated as a loose typology of labels, but as an empirically instanced architecture that yields a closed, non-degenerate 16-state distribution (15 differentiated positions plus an integrative whole). Using ABS-labelled Roy Morgan Single Source files reported as unweighted respondent counts (earlier extract n=322,119; later pooled five-year extract n=327,119), we show that every state carries non-zero population mass and that the full grid sums to a complete probability space within rounding tolerance. We further show that this boundedness persists when the same base population is re-expressed through multiple independent profile partitions (e.g., gender, SES, technology, social direction, family stage, health, and "mattering"). This matters for behavioural economics because it supplies a practical bridge between intrinsically private experience and public coordination: experience remains private in its intrinsic character (as emphasised in contemporary "hard question" framings), while its downstream footprints in patterned preference, priority formation, and maintained commitment are empirically observable. We define Consciousing (cCC*) as the human process that converts life chances into choices and sustained changes via disciplined testing and stabilised determination, yielding measurable agency outcomes (autonomy, coherent identity, and sustained commitment). MBTI is accepted instrumentally as a structured language through which individuals articulate their private life chances, choices, and changes; cCC* then specifies how that articulation is converted into publicly followable criteria through a repeatable protocol ("Walking the Squares") and auditable decision-work cycles (AEIOUF/ICOSA). We conclude with a testable programme for applied validation focused on protocol fidelity and outcome value ("enjoy living MORE of life"), and we invite contributions that strengthen operational transparency, comparative evaluation, and translation into practice.

The present article allowed for the analysis and understanding of the Processes of Humanistic Organizational Management. From the hermeneutic application, it was interpreted that companies seek the humanization of organizations by managing for and by people, reconciling the business aspect while assuming responsibility for better performance efficiently. Human management achieves an advantage over competitors by analyzing the internal environment in addition to the external one in order to anticipate events, leading to the conclusion that some companies may be more successful than others. That is why expanding information related to the Processes of Organizational Humanistic Management serves to influence free and intelligent individuals who choose to divide or multiply their talent in service of a project to obtain a flow of liberated talent, given that the company is a zone of coexistence and experiences, where work activity impacts the private lives of the people involved, and of course, also leaves a mark on public life and on the society in which it is immersed.

This research aims to shed light on one of the legal issues related to the right to one’s statement and image and whether they are considered elements of an individual's private life, a privacy-unrelated right, or a dual-natured right. The study also examines the scope of criminal protection, based on both the nature of the place and the nature of the images and statements. This paper relies on a comparative legislative, jurisprudential, and judicial mixed approach, investigating Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Arab legal experiences. The research concludes that the right to one’s statements falls within the scope of private life, while the right to image varies according to different jurisprudential perspectives. Moreover, criminal protection of images is limited to private spaces, whereas the protection of statements is linked to its private and confidential nature, regardless of the location.

The author addresses the phenomenon of social dimorphism. I focus on two distinct realities. The first concerns the world presented by the official media and controlled by various state institutions. The second reality concerns the sphere of private life, which is relatively weakly controlled by the political system. The author concludes that the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic political system leads to the disappearance of a profound crisis of trust. This change could ultimately lead to a fundamental reduction in social dimorphism to a level that should restore the integrity of social relations within the state.

Gender identity constitutes a core dimension of personal autonomy and human dignity in contemporary private law. The legal recognition of gender identity directly affects elements of civil status, including the individual’s name. Romanian civil law currently lacks an explicit and coherent procedural framework in this area, a shortcoming that has resulted in inconsistent judicial practice and divergences from European legal standards. This article adopts a multidisciplinary approach to gender identity, with particular emphasis on its relationship with the name and the right to respect for private life, while also examining relevant domestic and international jurisprudence. Furthermore, the paper advances de lege ferenda proposals aimed at ensuring effective legal protection of private life, human dignity, and legal security.

Occupational well-being in community and hospital midwives in the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract This study examines how scholars narrate agency and luck in scientific careers, focusing on geographic space and gender as structuring dimensions. Drawing on interviews with forest governance researchers, we analyze how they discursively construct professional trajectories. European scholars often frame their academic trajectories as outcomes of epistemic interests and agentic choices, while African scholars tend to narrate their careers through the lens of luck and external circumstances. Gender differences are less marked in linguistic expressions of agency but appear in the attribution of luck, with women—from both Africa and Europe—emphasizing private life conditions, particularly partnership and family situations. We argue that these discursive patterns reflect and reproduce social stratifications in global science. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating spatial and gendered contexts into studies of scientific careers and the need for science policies that foster epistemic autonomy and gender-inclusive career conditions across diverse academic landscapes.

Abstract This article examines attitudes to the law in Menander. It argues that the law is given a specifically Athenian context and that it can give us an insight into the concerns and values of the playwright and his society. By analysing the ways in which characters perceive issues of legality, the article stresses the importance of humanity and personal character in the plays’ dramatization of the interface between private lives and public institutions in early Hellenistic Athens. The article highlights how the ambivalence and the multivocality which are inherent in Menander’s dramatic technique allow for varying responses and for the presentation of radical views.

The recent introduction in Italy of unsupervised conjugal visits for prisoners is part of a broader trend that has been well-established across numerous European countries. This provision is grounded in the respect for constitutional rights and the principles set out by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which underscores the centrality of private and family life even for incarcerated individuals. This development raises significant bioethical and medico-legal challenges, which have yet to be fully explored, particularly regarding conception during conjugal visits. The present article critically analyses the bioethical implications related to the right to parenthood in prison, state responsibility towards the unborn child, reproductive health challenges, and related medico-legal issues. It highlights a legislative gap that urgently requires attention and proposes operational strategies for addressing these challenges.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the Quality of Life of caregivers of patients with urologic cancer and identify key factors influencing their well-being. The study involved caregivers of patients with urologic cancers, treated at Venizelio General Hospital of Heraklion. The CareGiver Oncology Quality of Life questionnaire was used to evaluate different QoL domains in relation with demographic and clinical data. Scores were calculated for each domain and transformed to a 0-100 scale. The sample included 106 caregivers; 86 of them were females (81.1%), with most aged between 56-75years (44.4%). Care was offered by 65 spouses (61.3%), and 30 patients' children (28.3%). The overall QoL score was 59.7 (± 12.8), with the worst scores being in leisure, psychological well-being, and private life. Female caregivers had inferior psychological well-being (p = 0.035) and private life scores (p = 0.008) compared to males. Younger caregivers had the worst self-esteem scores (p = 0.031), while those with poorer education reported reduced leisure scores (p = 0.015). Financially disadvantaged caregivers scored worse in their relationship with healthcare (p = 0.001), administration and finances (p = 0.015), and self-esteem (p = 0.013). Spousal caregivers had the least private life (p = 0.001) and leisure scores (p = 0.032), and those living with the patient experienced poorer scores in both leisure (p = 0.002) and private life (p = 0.003). In summary, caregivers of patients with urologic cancer experience substantial QoL challenges. Tailored interventions and policy support are essential to address their complex needs and enhance their overall well-being.

A survey among students of veterinary medicine and agricultural sciences in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland about perception of digital technologies on dairy farms and students' preparedness for the digital transformation in dairy farming.

It is indicated that secret investigative actions, by their legal nature, are a form of covert state interference in the sphere of private life and communications, that is, in those values that have a constitutional and conventional level of protection and can be limited only if there is an appropriate legal basis, in cases specified by law and in the manner prescribed by law. The article substantiates a procedural and doctrinal model for ensuring compliance with the rule of law during the initiation, authorisation, conduct, and use of the results of covert investigative (detective) actions in criminal proceedings. The starting premise is that covert investigative (detective) actions, as the most intrusive instruments of secret interference with privacy and communications, cannot be legitimised solely by the formal existence of a procedural norm or a judicial authorisation; rather, they require assessment through the criteria of the “quality of law,” legal certainty, proportionality, and effective judicial oversight as a safeguard against arbitrary discretion. A three-tier structure of rule-of-law regulation for covert investigative (detective) actions is proposed: (1) the principle of the rule of law as a basic guideline for law enforcement; (2) the general provisions on covert investigative (detective) actions as a universal procedural framework for permissible interference; and (3) special safeguards for particular types of covert actions and ex post protection mechanisms. It is argued that the compatibility of covert investigative (detective) actions with the rule of law should be verified through a three-part test of suitability, necessity, and reasonableness (proportionality), which ensures a balance between the legitimate aim of criminal prosecution and the inviolability of the private sphere. The article separately analyses the problematic issue of notifying a person of a temporary restriction of rights (Article 253 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine) as a deficit of rule-of-law safeguards, as well as the non-disclosure of materials from covert actions to the defence in the context of ECtHR standards and the need for procedural compensatory mechanisms to preserve adversarial proceedings and overall fairness. The conclusion is that the real effectiveness of the rule of law in the sphere of covert investigative (detective) actions can be ensured only by increasing the legal certainty of procedures, strengthening the notification mechanism, and balancing the secrecy regime with procedural safeguards of protection.

The tension between individual privacy and national security has become a central legal and policy challenge in India’s digital age. Rapid advances in surveillance technologies combined with the growing collection and processing of personal data by the State, have raised serious questions about how far security interests can justify intrusion into private life. This research paper examines the evolving balance between surveillance powers and data protection in India, with particular attention to constitutional principles, judicial interpretation, and legislative frameworks. The study begins by tracing the recognition of privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, especially after the landmark judgment in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India. It then analyses key surveillance laws and practices, including interception, monitoring, and data retention mechanisms, to assess whether they meet standards of legality, necessity, and proportionality. The paper also evaluates India’s data protection regime, focusing on recent legislative developments and their ability to safeguard citizens against misuse of personal information. By critically examining judicial responses to surveillance measures and comparing them with international human rights standards, the paper highlights existing gaps in oversight, transparency, and accountability. It argues that national security and privacy need not be treated as opposing goals, but as interests that must be carefully balanced within a constitutional framework. The research concludes by suggesting that stronger safeguards, clearer legal limits, and independent oversight are essential to ensure that security measures do not erode the core democratic value of individual privacy in India.

In a democratic state governed by the rule of law, three fundamental rights are essential for the growth of human life: life, liberty, and property. This article will examine freedom of expression and hate speech, as well as constitutional limits. Freedom of expression, an essential pillar of democracy, is guaranteed by the 1988 Federal Constitution, specifically in Articles 5 and 220 of that same law. It is worth emphasizing that this right is absolute and does not tolerate restrictions or censorship. The exercise of this right is limited by other fundamental rights, such as human dignity, honor, privacy, and private life. This conflict increases when discourses are confronted with hate speech. Hate speech should not be confused with the free expression of thought, as its objective is to disseminate, incite, or justify intolerance, hostility, and violence against individuals or minority groups, based on identity characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity. However, hate speech represents an abuse of the right to freedom of expression, violating the law and constitutional order. In short, freedom of expression must be exercised responsibly and with mutual respect. Combating hate speech does not seek to silence diversity of opinion, but rather to prevent intolerance and discrimination from masquerading as free expression, ensuring the protection and dignity of all citizens within the democratic rule of law.

BackgroundHealth apps designed to monitor, motivate, and educate people towards their health goals are getting more users and features each time. These apps offer valuable support for self-managing health behaviors and achieving long-term objectives. However, there is limited understanding of user preferences regarding essential app features. The aim of the study is to get insights about potential users’ preferences, in order to tailor better apps for lifestyle management.MethodsWe conducted a three-part web survey with 389 respondents from four countries as part of the DigiCare4You European Union (EU) project. In the first part, we collected the socioeconomic characteristics and health status of each respondent. In the following stage, we asked five questions on a Likert scale to ascertain the individual level of usage and general attitude towards technology. Finally, we performed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) using an unlabeled design and estimated the odds ratio for each feature using conditional logit analysis. We also ran alternative estimations stratifying by non-communicable disease (NCD) patients and non-NCD patients, and explored latent profile analysis (LPA) to understand whether the general attitude towards technology impacts the preference pattern between users.ResultsThe DCE revealed that respondents showed a clear preference for monitoring physical health over emotional status. They favored receiving lifestyle achievement notifications weekly rather than daily, and daily rather than more frequently. Similarly, respondents preferred uploading body weight measurements on a weekly or monthly basis rather than daily. Users expressed a preference for collaborating with their doctors to set exercise and diet goals, rather than either deciding independently or delegating entirely to their doctors. End-users also show a pattern of preferring notifications for goals instead of challenging other users. Preferences regarding the subjects of health content between workout routines, food recipes, and new scientific evidence were not significant; also, no statistical significance was found for the decision between follow-up visits with their doctor in person or remotely. LPA returned two groups regarding their general attitude towards technology: a lower, an intermediate, and a higher usage in their private life based on their responses to the questionnaire. Stratified DCEs have shown heterogeneity of users’ preferences according to their specific attitude towards technology.ConclusionsOur study indicates that potential mobile health (mHealth) app users managing chronic conditions prefer platforms that enable shared responsibility with their doctors in defining health goals while having an intermediate level of interaction frequency with the app. These findings are key to tailoring mHealth apps that can optimize motivation triggers, support healthier lifestyles, and empower patients with chronic conditions.

This research aims to describe the intertextuality between Elizabeth Barrett Browning's “How Do I Love Thee?” and Robert Browning's “Meeting at Night”. The focus of the present research are on how the two texts interact with one another in terms of style, theme, and linguistic structure. The study combines qualitative and descriptive methodologies, combined with Julia Kristeva's intertextual analysis. In relation to the research's findings, the intertextual relationship between the two poems not only deepens our comprehension of each author's work but also presents the dynamics of the personal and creative relationship between them. By using intertext theory by Kristeva, researchers found that both poems use transpositions to explore various interpretations and experiences of love, reflecting the poets’ individual styles and cultural contexts. In hypogram, Barrett Browning uses linguistic structures such as anaphora, repetition, and abstract language to create a contemplative atmosphere, emphasizing love's sacred nature. Therefore, this research does not only offer fresh perspectives on how the Brownings discussed their private lives but also cultivates a creative conversation that enhanced Victorian English literature's portrayal of love. It is anticipated that this research will further our understanding of how love is socially and culturally constructed in literary works and advance the field of inter-textual research.

The article is a presentation of the biography of Tadeusz Zdzisław Ptasiński, a Lublin photographer, soldier of the Polish Army, and social activist. The paper shows the correlation and impact on the course of private and professional life, photographic passion and the most important achievements in the field. In addition to the analysis of the methods used by the artist in the practice of taking photographs, the article also contains a description of the photographic equipment used by Tadeusz Ptasiński. The article also describes the most important assumptions and goals of the project “Lublin by Tadeusz Ptasiński”, organized in cooperation with the Grodzka Gate Center “Theatre NN” in Lublin.

This study aims to analyze the impact of changing working hours on the quality of work life within business organizations, and to reveal the extent to which this is reflected in the level of individual and collective performance, and the ability of the organization to improve its competitiveness in an environment characterized by rapid change and intense competition. To achieve this goal, the study first starts by defining the conceptual framework of the quality of work life, as it is one of the modern management concepts that is related to the well-being of employees, their job satisfaction, their mental and physical health, and their level of balance between work and private life requirements. Second, the study seeks to provide a comparative analysis of the various alternative working hours systems adopted by contemporary organizations, such as reducing working hours, part-time work, and remote work, highlighting the advantages and challenges of each system. The study focuses in particular on the flexible working hours system by analyzing a number of applied models that have adopted this system in different organizational contexts, with an explanation of its implementation mechanisms and the conditions for its success. The results of the study showed that the adoption of flexible working hours system clearly contributes to improving the quality of work life, as it reflects positively on the mental health of workers by reducing occupational stress, increasing the sense of job satisfaction, and enhancing motivation and organizational belonging. The results also showed that this system leads to raising the level of productivity and improving performance, as well as enabling individuals to achieve a better balance between their professional and personal lives, which is ultimately reflected in improving the overall efficiency of the organization and enhancing its competitiveness.

The way in which people work is changing, with workplaces characterized by greater variations in where, when, and how people work. Across two studies, we evaluated a web-based intervention introducing self-regulation strategies based on Action Regulation Theory to enable workers in hybrid working environments to organize their workday effectively, to manage work and private life demands, and thus to improve work performance (indicated by task performance and proactivity), occupational self-efficacy, and psychological detachment and reduce work-life conflict. In two randomized controlled trials, participants were assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group, filling out questionnaires before and after the intervention. In Study 1, using a randomized controlled trial with a convenience sample of 128 German employees (intervention group: n = 65; control group: n = 64) with baseline and two follow-up measurement points, multilevel analyses revealed positive effects on occupational self-efficacy, task performance, and proactivity. Moreover, we found a delayed effect on both work-life conflict and detachment after 2 weeks. In Study 2, in a randomized controlled trial with a sample of 125 Irish employees from one organization (intervention group: n = 59; control group: n = 66), we found positive effects directly after the intervention on occupational self-efficacy and work-life conflict. The results of both studies converge to support the effectiveness of the developed self-regulation intervention. Findings suggest that the intervention is an effective tool for promoting certain aspects of work performance. Furthermore, training self-regulation in the work context can improve occupational self-efficacy and reduce work-life conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).