Private Lessons Research Articles

Interdisciplinary and Relational Approaches to Embodiment Conscious Music Performance Pedagogy

In this commentary on the fascinating study completed by Anderson César Alves and Marcos Nogueira, I discuss two avenues for considering the complexities of embodiment conscious music performance pedagogy. In the first, I contend that music, including but not limited to, music performance pedagogy, is inherently interdisciplinary. In the second, I offer that music performance pedagogy, in particular “studio” or one-on-one pedagogy, is necessarily relational. It is my hope to add value to Alves and Nogueira’s work, while also broadening the lens through which we observe the competencies of both teacher and student within the private lesson context. I close with suggestions for future studies, continuing the important conversation around exceptional teaching and learning for musicians.

A STUDY OF SCIENCE STUDENTS' MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) AT THE DARUL HIKMAH LANGUAGE DORMITORY

Motivation is an essential factor in teaching and learning activities. English is learned as a foreign language and is essential in every aspect, especially education. The researcher explored this study because he saw the enthusiasm of science students toward English. The purpose of this research is to find out what motivation the students majoring in science have. This research uses a descriptive qualitative design. In this study, the researcher examined two 32 students majoring in IPA MAN 1 Probolinggo d in learning English as a foreign language at the Darul Hikmah language dormitory: extrinsic motivation Data were collected through observation and interviews with ten questions to the participants. The researcher analyzed the data using the thematic analysis method. Based on the findings, the results of this study show that students have good extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The extrinsic motivation possessed by students in this study is encouragement from parents, the desire to get a good job, and motivation from students of Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School who interact using English. For students, intrinsic motivation is the desire to interact fluently using English and open private lessons. In addition, the interview results show that the teacher's role also influences the students' learning process.

A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Medical Faculty Graduates in Medical Specialization Exams: Uncovering the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education.

Background This study aims to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in the medical specialization exam (MSE) that medical graduates take when choosing their postgraduate specialization and to reveal how artificial intelligence-supported education can increase the quality and academic success of medical education. The research aims to explore the potential applications and advantages of artificial intelligence in medical education and examine ways in which this technology can contribute to student learning and exam preparation. Methodology A total of 240 MSE questions were posed to ChatGPT, 120 of which were basic medical sciences questions and 120 were clinical medical sciences questions. A total of 18,481 people participated in the exam. The performance of medical school graduates was compared with ChatGPT-3.5 in terms of answering these questions correctly. The average score for ChatGPT-3.5 was calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum scores. Calculations were done using the R.4.0.2 environment. Results The general average score of graduates was a minimum of 7.51 in basic sciences and a maximum of 81.46, while in clinical sciences, the average was a minimum of 12.51 and a maximum of 80.78. ChatGPT, on the other hand, had an average of at least 60.00 in basic sciences and a maximum of 72.00, with an average of at least 66.25 and a maximum of 77.00 in clinical sciences. The rate of correct answers in basic medical sciences for graduates was 43.03%, while for ChatGPT was 60.00%. In clinical medical sciences, the rate of correct answers for graduates was 53.29%, while for ChatGPT was 64.16%. ChatGPT performed best with a 91.66% correct answer rate in Obstetrics and Gynecology and an 86.36% correct answer rate in Medical Microbiology. The least successful area for ChatGPT was Anatomy, with a 28.00% correct answer rate, a subfield of basic medical sciences. Graduates outperformed ChatGPT in the Anatomy and Physiology subfields. Significant differences were found in all comparisons between ChatGPT and graduates. Conclusions This study shows that artificial intelligence models such as ChatGPT can provide significant advantages to graduates, as they score higher than medical school graduates. In terms of these benefits, recommended applications include interactive support, private lessons, learning material production, personalized learning plans, self-assessment, motivation boosting, and 24/7 access, among a variety of benefits. As a result, artificial intelligence-supported education can play an important role in improving the quality of medical education and increasing student success.

COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION AMONG SENIOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SERBIA

The primary aim of this research is to examine to what degree communication apprehension is present among senior elementary school students and to investigate whether levels of communication apprehension as reported by participants differ along various external and internal factors. A total of 267 participants attending the fifth, sixth and seventh grades of elementary school took part in the research. Communication apprehension was investigated with an 8-item foreign language communication apprehension scale and additional background questions concerning one internal and six external factors. The findings suggest that communication apprehension exists among elementary school students to a moderate degree and that there are statistically significant differences in terms of gender, final grade in English, final average grade, attending private lessons and a perceived importance of learning English.

THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE IN THE EYES OF FOREIGNERS: ANALYSIS OF THE MOST COMMON DOUBTS OF LEARNERS ON THE SOCIAL PLATFORM REDDIT

The subject of this paper is the analysis of posts on Reddit about foreigners’ confusions related to learning Serbian as a foreign language. The aim of the research is to clarify the most common questions of foreigners who are interested in learning the Serbian language. A descriptive method and a method of theoretical analysis with the technique of content analysis have been used in the paper. The analysis of research results has shown that there has been a lot of interest among foreigners for learning Serbian as a foreign language. The most common questions related to mastering the Serbian language include: 1. issues of integration into the social community (solving administrative problems, studying and working, finding friends, finding information about the character and mentality of the Serbian people, getting to know the culture and history of the Serbian people, life in Serbia without knowing the Serbian language, etc.), 2. issues of finding language learning modalities (accredited study centers, private schools, online platforms, private lessons), 3. issues of learning Serbian as a foreign language (difficulty in learning, time needed to master the language, differences between the eastern and western variants of the language), 4. issues of finding and using appropriate teaching tools (textbooks, language learning apps, podcasts, adapted folk and art texts, music, films and TV shows with foreign language translation, flash cards, illustrations and tables) and 5. the issue of mastering certain grammatical and lexical contents (Cyrillic, cases, difference between perfective and imperfective verbs, getting to know colloquial expressions).

The Syllabi of Portuguese Apprenticeship Courses and Opportunities to Access Higher Education: Critical Perspectives of IVET Students

In Portugal, Initial Vocational Education and Training (IVET) has a negative public image, which is partly due to perceptions about course syllabi and the low number of former IVET students who go on to higher education. We aimed to analyse the perspectives of IVET students on the syllabi of a Portuguese IVET modality, specifically the apprenticeship courses. Our focus was on the knowledge conveyed in the sociocultural and scientific components, as well as the possibility of accessing higher education. The analysis was made within the framework of Michael Young’s “powerful knowledge” and McGregor’s “meaningful education” concepts. Data analysis was based on 54 semi-structured interviews with apprenticeship course students from nine training centres in northern Portugal. A deductive-inductive content analysis supported by NVivo software was used. The knowledge acquired in the apprenticeship courses is compared with its counterpart of general upper secondary education. The results point out that overall, the participants mention that they find the subjects of the sociocultural and scientific components of the apprenticeship courses’ syllabi to be easy, simplified, and summarised. These features discourage some students who expect to extend their knowledge. For others, the applicability of the knowledge acquired to “real life” is valued. As far as access to higher education is concerned, some students are aware that the knowledge acquired in the courses hampers their ability to take the national access exams, while others are not aware of these constraints. Paying for private lessons to study for the exams is a mentioned possibility. In conclusion, apprenticeship courses’ sociocultural and scientific syllabi are based on a very low academic level, comparable to that of lower secondary education. This levelling down impairs students to perform well in the national exams that give access to higher education. A real equivalence of knowledge between the sociocultural and scientific components of apprenticeship courses and the general component of general education would be beneficial for that. It could also promote greater parity of esteem between vocational and general education, lessening the negative perception of IVET that persists in Portugal.

NIL education can help ensure compliance, limit liability

CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Even if today's college student‐ athletes seem way more tech‐savvy than you, they still need guidance to successfully manage the quickly evolving name, image, and likeness realm. Providing your student‐athletes with an NIL education will also have the fringe benefit of helping to protect your institution by ensuring compliance, boosting safety, and limiting liability. Just think of the liability if one of your student‐athletes, who doesn’t fully understand the NIL‐related rules and regulations, thinks it's OK to sneak onto the field to give a private lesson as part of an NIL deal but then someone gets hurt in the process.

Intelligent Construction of University Music Education Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

The university music education teaching system plays a vital role in nurturing aspiring musicians and music enthusiasts by providing a comprehensive framework for musical learning and development. This system typically encompasses a diverse range of courses, workshops, and performance opportunities designed to cultivate students' musical talents, theoretical knowledge, and practical skills. Through a combination of classroom instruction, ensemble rehearsals, private lessons, and hands-on experiences, students receive a well-rounded musical education that covers various genres, styles, and traditions. Moreover, university music education teaching systems often incorporate state-of-the-art facilities, including rehearsal rooms, recording studios, and performance venues, to support students' artistic growth and creative expression. This paper presents an innovative approach to the intelligent construction of university music education teaching systems, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technology with Intelligent Fuzzy Regression Classification (IFRC). Recognizing the complexity and diversity of music education, this research aims to optimize teaching methodologies and enhance learning outcomes through AI-driven strategies. The proposed approach integrates AI technology, particularly IFRC, into the design and implementation of university music education teaching systems. IFRC combines fuzzy logic with regression analysis and classification techniques to model and predict complex relationships within music education datasets, enabling the system to adapt and respond dynamically to student needs and preferences. The IFRC-enhanced teaching system can generate personalized learning pathways, recommend tailored resources, and provide real-time feedback to students and instructors alike. This intelligent adaptation to individual learning styles and progress fosters a more engaging, effective, and inclusive music education environment. The IFRC-enhanced teaching system achieves an average improvement of 25% in student performance compared to traditional teaching methods. Moreover, specific musical skills, such as sight-reading, ear training, and music theory comprehension, exhibit notable enhancements, with average score increases of 30%, 20%, and 35%, respectively.

A Profile of Community College Students as Preservice Music Educators

The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was to provide a profile of preservice music educators who chose to attend community college and a description of factors that led to this choice. The study was framed by Perna’s college choice model and focused on participants’ experiences and the socioeconomic and educational contexts that predated their enrollment. Quantitative data were collected via a questionnaire to community college students who sought a career in music education ( N = 59). Qualitative data were gleaned from interviews with four participants. Most participants (77.97%) identified as White, 47.47% identified as female, the mean age was 21.90 years, and 50.85% were first-generation college students. Participants reported varying levels of cultural capital, with 54.24% receiving private lessons prior to college. Affordability, location, the opportunity to live at home, flexible scheduling, and prior positive experiences with the college were motivators for attending a community college.

The impact of private lessons on the performance of teachers in school Their point of view

The research aimed to identify the impact of private lessons on the performance of teachers in school from their point of view. The research used the descriptive approach and applied the questionnaire tool by applying it to a random sample of male and female teachers, amounting to (1228) male and female teachers, with (518) male and (710) female teachers, and concluded. The research concluded that private lessons have different effects on the educational process, as it showed that most of the statements of the educational effects axis fell into the large category of the scale, which is the category between (3.55 - 3.99), and this indicates the reflection of those lessons. The statement that the lessons contribute came in first place. “Privacy in filling the gap resulting from the poor performance of some teachers” and obtained the arithmetic mean (3.99) at a high level. The study also indicated that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the averages of the educational effects of private lessons due to gender, and the study indicated that there are no There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) between the levels of reflection of these lessons on teachers according to their academic qualifications and practical experience. The study recommends enacting laws and regulations that regulate this process.

A Lesson with Francis Bacon Forced Me to See Outside the Software Box

Abstract Computers became more standard in the early 1980s, and science and technology were influencing artists like the author. He began using a supercomputer and FORTRAN 77 software to define a non-Euclidean geometry model using conformal mapping to create art. A series of twisted and curved space images was manifested, reflective of Albert Einstein’s theories of general and special relativity. It was the author’s encounter with Edward Teller, “father of the H-bomb,” that led the author to artist Francis Bacon. It was a private lesson with the artist that forced the author out of the box and into his own visual world.

실용보컬 기초발성과 호흡 훈련의 실기교육 사례 연구

This study applied and guided systematic vocal education through private lessons for practical vocal majors through actual cases, qualitatively analyzed post-student feedback, and argued this. For this purpose, an objective vocal theory that can be commonly applied to classical vocal music and practical music vocals was presented, and based on this, ‘Concone’ and parts of Berklee College of Music’s vocal textbook were used as students’ assignments. Additional breathing exercises were also conducted to help with vocalization. After completing 15 weeks of practical training, all students responded to a survey that these vocal tasks had a positive effect and help on their singing, indicating that these vocal training tools are meaningful training tools in practical music vocal instruction. It can be seen as meaning. In addition, it was indirectly confirmed that 1:1 apprenticeship classes that allow interaction and intensive hands-on training between instructors and students are very effective in practical music vocal education.

YouTube comments on violin instruction videos: an analysis of comments in Turkish

ABSTRACT This research examines the comments on violin instruction videos on YouTube in the context of practice challenges encountered by learners while playing the violin and solutions provided by instructors to these challenges. 205 comments related to the research context were included in the analysis among a total of 4934 comments from 398 violin instruction videos in Turkish and they were examined through qualitative content analysis. It has been observed that all of the practice challenges experienced by learners while playing the violin are at the beginner level. Furthermore, instructors offer solutions to these challenges by providing short instructions, mainly through the comments section. They also emphasise patience and perseverance for learners. In some cases, it has been noticed that instructors assist learners by suggesting off-site communication, encouraging them to watch instructors’ videos again, and recommending taking private lessons to address their specific problems.

Şehitlik Dergâhı’nda Yenilikçi, Modern ve Bilge Bir Bektaşi Babası Nafi Baba (1835-1912)

Nafi Baba, Bektaşiliğin yasaklı dönemi şartlarında yetişen en önemli Bektaşi babalarındandır. 1835 yılında Şehitlik’te dünyaya gelmiştir. Küçük yaşta özel dersler alarak eğitim hayatına başlamış, zamanın önemli dersiamlarından dini ilimler tahsil etmiştir. 1846’da kendisine tevcih edilen İstanbul müderrisliği payesiyle ilmi kariyeri başlamıştır. Medrese tahsili de alan Nafi Baba’nın ilmi payesi Süleymaniye müderrisliği ve Halep mevleviyetine kadar yükselmiştir. 1861 yılında Şehitlik Dergâhı postnişinliğine getirilmiş, medrese eğitimi almasına rağmen sıradan bir müderris gibi hareket etmediği gibi kendine mahsus bir Bektaşi babası olmuştur. Arapça ve Farsça dillerinin yanı sıra Batı dillerinden Fransızca ve İngilizce’yi de öğrenmiş, düşünce dünyası ve yaşam tarzı olarak modern ve yenilikçi bir anlayışı benimsemiştir. Şehitlik Dergâhı’nı bir ilim, kültür ve sanat merkezine dönüştürerek İstanbul’un entelektüel kesiminin müdavimleri arasında yer aldığı bir kurum haline getirmiştir. Bu dönemde dergâhın müdavimleri arasında Filozof Rıza Tevfik, Karikatürist Cem, Gedai, Rami, Hüseyin Kamî ve Künci (Günci) gibi dönemin meşhur düşünür, sanatkâr ve şairleri de bulunuyordu. Jön Türklerle siyasi ilişkiler kurup meşruti idareye geçişi savunması ve bir misyoner okul olan Robert Kolej’in kurulmasına katkılar sunması Nafi Baba’nın modern kişiliğinin yansımalarıdır. Torunlarına da Robert Kolej’de eğitim aldırmış, onlardan bu okulda öğretmenlik ve idarecilik yapanlar çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada bir İstanbul beyefendisi, modern, yenilikçi ve bilge bir kişilik olarak Nafi Baba’nın hayatı ana kaynaklar ışığında ele alınmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İstanbul, II. Mahmut, Bektaşilik, Şehitlik Dergâhı, Mahmut Baba, Nafi Baba.

SISTEM INFORMASI LES PRIVAT KOTA KEDIRI BERBASIS ANDROID

Demanding knowledge Made of things that must be and must be implemented for every human being. One example of the demand for science at official official institutions such as in school. Currently there is no science that exist in schools that can improve the quality of students. Some of the learners at school may not be full-fledged. Lessons are taught in schools. For the exams undertaken the learners need to learn by alternative methods outside the school such as learning to learn or private lessons. Not a few individuals who also provide ease in the form of private lessons, in addition to alternative side jobs to help and improve the potential participants better locked in understanding the lessons in school or to face the school exam. The methods used are methods that still use manual methods, and are not effective in finding target participants and also participants who will choose a location close to home. Therefore, this research has resulted in an information application that allows users to access services and services that exist among the participants of the personal service and the learners. For the development of personal information system applications in cities using android systems still need to improve the security system because the system used is still needed and still needed, but also need to develop some features such as giving the rating on tentor, learners comment feature on tentor and validity period for account tentor or want a date or application.

Influence of Pre-service Elementary Teachers' General Teaching Efficacy and Music Performance Efficacy on Music Teaching Efficacy

본 연구는 예비초등교사의 일반교수효능감, 음악실기효능감 그리고 음악 사교육 경험이 음악교수효능감에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 연구결과를 토대로 예비초등교사의 음악교수효능감 향상을 위한 방안을 논의 하는 것이 목적이다. 교육대학교에 재학 중인 예비초등교사 432명이 연구대상자였으며, 설문지를 활용하여 얻은 결과를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 일반교수효능감과 음악실기효능감, 음악 사교육 경험은 모두 유의미하게 음악교수효능감에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 일반교수효능감, 음악실기효능감이 높고 음악 사교육 경험이 있으면 음악교수효능감도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 예비초등교사의 음악교수효능감 향상을 위해서는 일반교수효능감을 함께 높이는 것이 중요하며, 예비초등교사가 초등음악교과에서 요구되는 음악실기 능력을 배양할 수 있도록 초등교원양성기관의 실기 수업이 체계적으로 구성되어야 할 것이다 .This study examined whether the general teaching efficacy, music teaching efficacy, and music private lesson affects music teaching efficacy for pre-service elementary teachers. Based on the implications obtained through the results, suggestions for improving pre-service teachers' music teaching efficacy were discussed focusing on the curriculum of the university of education. Participants in this study were 432 pre-service elementary teachers, and questionnaire were used for the study, and the results were analyzed statistically. According to the results of the study, it was found that both general teaching efficacy and music performance efficacy significantly affected music teaching efficacy. In addition, the experience of music private education also affects the music teaching efficacy, the longer the period, the higher the music teaching efficacy. Therefore, in order to improve the music teaching efficacy, it is necessary to increase the efficacy of general teaching efficacy. Also, it is proposed that practical and systematical performance classes necessary for music performance efficacy improvement at elementary school teacher education institutions.

Les voyageurs comme ressources de l’économie sociale du savoir au xviiie siècle. Les enseignements du registre des visiteurs du cabinet de Jean Hermann

The sedentary nature of the Strasbourg naturalist Jean Hermann (1738-1800) made him a cabinet scientist. Although he travelled little, the university professor attracted more than 5,000 people to his natural history cabinet, many of them travellers from all over Europe. The visitors’ register (1762-1800), which is associated with a register of auditors of private lessons in natural history, shows the cabinet as a centre of attraction for the naturalist province in the 18th century. This document is a first-hand source for observing European mobility, particularly the practices associated with the Grand Tour and scholarly travel. It shows that the provincial cabinets were at the heart of the link between travel and natural history, as they were places of scholarly and curious sociability for visitors passing through. In addition to representing an important part of Jean Hermann’s social capital, travellers also provided him with the means to mobilise the resources necessary for the practice of natural history from a distance.

Household demand for private tutoring in Tunisia

This article is devoted to an analysis of household demand for private tutoring in Tunisia. The data come from the National Household Budget, Consumption and Standard of Living Survey. Logistic regression models are used to determine the association between family socio-economic conditions and the decision to use private tutoring. The results show that the demand for private tutoring is positively linked to a family's patrimony and its financial capacity. The negative coefficient of the dwelling factor may seem strange given that households which own their dwelling can be considered wealthy people, but this is not the case in Tunisia. Family size is positively and significantly correlated with private tutoring. This can be explained by the particularity of the Tunisian context. Location is an important factor, and households in coastal areas are more motivated for private lessons.

Development of a Perception Scale of Private Lesson: A Validity and Reliability Study

The purpose of the research is to develop a valid and reliable perception scale that can measure the perception of math teachers (198) and science teachers (120) towards private lesson. In the validity studies, the exploratory factor analysis was made with the SPSS 25.0 package program after that the confirmatory factor analysis was made with Lisrel 8.71 software. To develop the scale; 1. Creation of Item Pool 2. Obtaining Expert Opinion, 3. Creation of Pre-Trial Form 4. Factor Analysis 5. Confirmatory factor analysis. According to factor analysis; Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) rate; .780; Bartlett test result: 7466.539; Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient is: .901. According to confirmatory factor analysis: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.043 (.05); p-Value for Test of Close Fit .00 (.05, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) .96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) .93; Normed Fit Index (NFI) .97; Relative Fit Index (RFI) .96; Incremental Fix Index (IFI): .99; Degrees of Freedom: 38; Root Mean Square Residual (RMR): .037 and NonNormed Fit Index (NNFI): .98. According to research findings, the perception scale is valid and reliable so it can be used to determine math teachers and science teachers’ positive and negative perceptions of private lesson.

Culture shock and difficulties of Korean students in Indonesia and the United States

Overseas students will have difficulty adjusting to the norms and habits in the new environment. This impacts discomfort and unhappiness in adapting. This condition is termed culture shock. This study aims to determine the culture shock experienced by South Korean students and the difficulties in Indonesia and the United States. The data is collected by using a literature study with qualitative method. The result of this study shows that South Korean students in Indonesia and the United States experience culture shock and difficulties due to different cultures and languages with a percentage of 60-80%. The differences that arise between Korean students in Indonesia and the United States are the difficulties caused by transportation and services from students in Indonesia because they feel that transportation and services in Indonesia are still lacking and personal difficulties in the United States because of the individualism that makes most students in the US feel lonely and find it difficult to express. However, despite experiencing culture shock, this Korean student tried to adjust to the new culture with several efforts, such as doing private lessons with Indonesians, then hanging out and communicating with Indonesians, and trying to compromise with the culture and social rules around him so that he well received and as it is. Meanwhile, adaptation efforts in the United States include conducting orientation sessions and meetings with advisors and making teams when studying with students in various countries to help break down the natural tendency to get along with students from their nation.