Priority Messages Research Articles

Scheduling and Dropping Policies in Delay Tolerant Network

Sometimes end to end connectivity may not exist between the nodes, sometimes it is too expensive to connect all the networks and sometimes due to some catastrophic effect, exchanging of messaging are difficult, so it can cause delays from hours to days, hence networking of this type of situation is called as Delay Tolerant Network. As no end to end connectivity between the nodes so it require buffer at each node to store incoming messages. The network uses a store-carry-forward mechanism, while sending a message from one node to another node. Messages which are stored at each node carry along with him until it reaches to the next node and then forward. Here two scheduling policies are named as PRIORITY+ algorithm and FACTOR algorithm. PRIORITY+ algorithm considers a priority of message with different routing algorithm. FACTOR algorithm considers the TTL value with priority of that particular message. Algorithms can achieve better delivery ratios with less overhead and latency ratio.

Performance Modelling of Adaptive VANET with Enhanced Priority Scheme

In this paper, we present an analytical and simulated study on the performance of adaptive vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) priority based on Transmission Distance Reliability Range (TDRR) and data type. VANET topology changes rapidly due to its inherent nature of high mobility nodes and unpredictable environments. Therefore, nodes in VANET must be able to adapt to the ever changing environment and optimize parameters to enhance performance. However, there is a lack of adaptability in the current VANET scheme. Existing VANET IEEE802.11p’s Enhanced Distributed Channel Access; EDCA assigns priority solely based on data type. In this paper, we propose a new priority scheme which utilizes Markov model to perform TDRR prediction and assign priorities based on the proposed Markov TDRR Prediction with Enhanced Priority VANET Scheme (MarPVS). Subsequently, we performed an analytical study on MarPVS performance modeling. In particular, considering five different priority levels defined in MarPVS, we derived the probability of successful transmission, the number of low priority messages in back off process and concurrent low priority transmission. Finally, the results are used to derive the average transmission delay for data types defined in MarPVS. Numerical results are provided along with simulation results which confirm the accuracy of the proposed analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MarPVS results in lower transmission latency and higher packet success rate in comparison with the default IEEE802.11p scheme and greedy scheduler scheme.

An Enhanced Message Priority Mechanism in IEEE 802.11p Based Vehicular Networks

IEEE 802.11p is a standard MAC protocol for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVEs). If a packet collision happens when a safety message is sent out, IEEE 802.11p chooses a random back-off counter value in a fixed-size contention window. However, depending on the random choice of back-off counter value, it is still possible that less important messages are sent out first while more important messages are delayed longer until sent out. In this paper, we present a new scheme for safety message scheduling, called the enhanced message priority mechanism (EMPM). It consists of the following two components: the benefit-value algorithm, which calculates the priority of the messages depending on the speed, deceleration, and message lifetime; and the back-off counter selection algorithm, which chooses the non-uniform back-off counter value in order to reduce the collision probability and to enhance the throughput of the highly beneficial messages. Numerical results show that the EMPM can significantly improve the throughput and delay of messages with high benefits when compared with existing MAC protocols. Consequently, the EMPM can provide better QoS support for the more important and urgent messages.

Analytical Design, Simulation & Evaluation of Proposed OCDMA with Message Priority Fast Routing Codes

In this paper, a new optimized class of optical codes known as Message priority & fast routing (MPFR) is presented. MPFR code is essential in the priority based communication of OCDMA for multiple user environments since these codes control the multiple access interface delay cancellation effectively. In proposed work, codes for MPFR are generated based on simple tridiagonal matrix with less size of the header bit reduction. In the proposed algorithm, multiple user environments have been used in accordance to the packet header. The message size is increased and priority bit is added which leads to faster and effective data transfer in communication. The transmitter use 2D codes, which is further added a priority bit for transmission. Our obtained results revealed that proposed MPFR codes provided better results compared to flexible cross correlation (FCC) codes, zero cross correlation (ZCC) codes and Prime Hop codes (PHC) in term of bit error rate, packet delivery ratio and multiple access interference.

Performance evaluation of optical code division multiple access systems

In this paper, a new mechanism of faster routing known as message priority and fast routing (MPFR) mechanism in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is proposed for optimization of routing performance and to provide effective data transfer. In this proposed work, we have reduced the size of the header bits which are used in MPFR mechanism. In proposed algorithm, with accordance to packet header, the message size is being increased and priority bit is being added which leads to faster data transfer rate and effective data transfer in OCDMA. The transmitter sent the 2D codes to the MPFR which is then added priority bit. If the cover bit in any codes is enabling then the code is considered to be a priority packet and its superior bit then the code is considered to be routing. A modern novel approach which reduces the overhead for fast data transfer is proposed on name of MPFR. Thus the routing can be faster and the codes to be sent are being priorities and send. Thus the OCDMA can now become much faster to be used in critical areas. MPFR protocol, which prioritizes the code with high priority and also it reduces the header processing time of the codes with increase in message size. The prioritization of the code helped to process the particular code first and then rest of the codes and with increase in message size, help to reduce the transmission and processing time of the packet header.

Shared-network scheme of SMV and GOOSE in smart substation

The network structure of the smart substation in common use was introduced, and the technical problems of the shared-network of sampled measured value (SMV) and generic object oriented substation event (GOOSE) were analyzed, such as the processing ability of network device and the intelligent device, the data real-time property and the network reliability, the effects to the substation in the condition of network fault, etc. On this basis, the feasibility of the shared-network of SMV and GOOSE was discussed, the implement scheme was presented, and eventually the solution of the shared-network of SMV and GOOSE was put forward, which based on the applications of the message priority control, restricting the switch number, virtual local area network (VLAN) and GARP multicast registration protocol (GMRP) classification flow control, flow rate limiting, etc. In the test-bed, the cases of shared-network and separate-network of SMV and GOOSE were compared and analyzed, and the result was valuable for reference.

Effectiveness of asthma principles and practice course in increasing nurse practitioner knowledge and confidence in the use of asthma clinical guidelines.

The Asthma Principle and Practice (APP) course, an evidence-based blended distance-learning educational encounter, was designed to aid in the dissemination of the 2007 asthma clinical guidelines (EPR-3) and priority messages, increase knowledge of content of the guidelines as well as create an environment to enable participants to apply knowledge and skills into clinical practice. Students received a self-study binder 6-week period prior to attendance at an interactive study day. The APP is grounded in adult education principle and practices. A questionnaire was completed before reading the study binder and post study day to measure demographic variables as well as awareness of and changes in knowledge and confidence in key attributes of the clinical guidelines including patient education. The results showed that by taking the APP course confidence levels related to knowledge of asthma and its management increased with specific reference to the asthma clinical guidelines. Confidence in the use of patient education/communication strategies improved as well as the use of pulmonary function tests and the interpretation of test results. Nurse practitioners are an important audience to target in the dissemination of clinical guidelines and benefit from educational materials based on adult education strategies.

A wireless multi-hop protocol for real-time applications

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) have been gaining increasing popularity in recent years thanks to their ease of deployment and the low cost of their components. The routing protocols in ad hoc networks face the challenge of establishing and maintaining multi-hop routes while complying with mobility, bandwidth limitation and power constraints. The already demanding problem of offering wireless communication in a MANET becomes more complicated in the case of real-time systems where the loss or late arrival of a single item of data can cause serious problems. In this article, we propose a real-time wireless protocol for MANET capable of timely delivery of data. Taking advantage of a cross-layer design, it includes a novel medium access control mechanism and routing algorithm based on the link-quality among the nodes belonging to the network. The protocol manages message priority and is capable of multi-hop communications. It has been conceived mainly to provide real-time wireless communication for small robot teams, making possible the sharing of information such as kinematics or laser data. The validity of the protocol is proven by an in-depth theoretical analysis of its real-time characteristics and performance and through a set of real-world experiments.

Multi-modal traffic signal control with priority, signal actuation and coordination

Both coordinated-actuated signal control systems and signal priority control systems have been widely deployed for the last few decades. However, these two control systems are often conflicting with each due to different control objectives. This paper aims to address the conflicting issues between actuated-coordination and multi-modal priority control. Enabled by vehicle-to-infrastructure (v2i) communication in Connected Vehicle Systems, priority eligible vehicles, such as emergency vehicles, transit buses, commercial trucks, and pedestrians are able to send request for priority messages to a traffic signal controller when approaching a signalized intersection. It is likely that multiple vehicles and pedestrians will send requests such that there may be multiple active requests at the same time. A request-based mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is formulated that explicitly accommodate multiple priority requests from different modes of vehicles and pedestrians while simultaneously considering coordination and vehicle actuation. Signal coordination is achieved by integrating virtual coordination requests for priority in the formulation. A penalty is added to the objective function when the signal coordination is not fulfilled. This “soft” signal coordination allows the signal plan to adjust itself to serve multiple priority requests that may be from different modes. The priority-optimal signal timing is responsive to real-time actuations of non-priority demand by allowing phases to extend and gap out using traditional vehicle actuation logic. The proposed control method is compared with state-of-practice transit signal priority (TSP) both under the optimized signal timing plans using microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation experiments show that the proposed control model is able to reduce average bus delay, average pedestrian delay, and average passenger car delay, especially for highly congested condition with a high frequency of transit vehicle priority requests.

OP0244-PARE The Medication Workshop Tool Kit: A Patient League Project Targeting Drug Safe Use

BackgroundThe project to build a “Medication Workshop” kit has been designed by AFLAR (French Association Against Rheumatic diseases, recognized of public utility) in order to provide health professionals and patient...

Enhanced fuzzy logic‐based spray and wait routing protocol for delay tolerant networks

SummaryDelay tolerant networks are a class of ad hoc networks that enable data delivery even in the absence of end‐to‐end connectivity between nodes, which is the basic assumption for routing in ad hoc networks. Nodes in these networks work on store‐carry and forward paradigm. In addition, such networks make use of message replication as a strategy to increase the possibility of messages reaching their destination. As contact opportunities are usually of short duration, it is important to prioritize scheduling of messages. Message replication may also lead to buffer congestion. Hence, buffer management is an important issue that greatly affects the performance of routing protocols in delay tolerant networks. In this paper, Spray and Wait routing protocol, which is a popular controlled replication‐based protocol for delay tolerant networks, has been enhanced using a new fuzzy‐based buffer management strategy Enhanced Fuzzy Spray and Wait Routing, with the aim to achieve increased delivery ratio and reduced overhead ratio. It aggregates three important message properties namely number of replicas of a message, its size, and remaining time‐to‐live, using fuzzy logic to determine the message priority, which denotes its importance with respect to other messages stored in a node's buffer. It then intelligently selects messages to schedule when a contact opportunity occurs. Because determination of number of replicas of a message in the network is a difficult task, a new method for estimation of the same has been proposed. Simulation results show improved performance of enhanced fuzzy spray and wait routing in terms of delivery ratio and resource consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research on the Shared-network of SMV and GOOSE in Smart Substation

The network structure of the smart substation in common use was introduced, and the technical problem of the shared-network of sampled measured value (SMV) and generic object oriented substation event (GOOSE) was analyzed, such as the processing ability of network device and the intelligent device, the data real-time property and the network reliability, the effects to the substation in the condition of network fault, and so on. On this basis, the feasibility of the shared-network of SMV and GOOSE was discussed, the implement scheme were presented, and eventually came to the solution of the shared-network of SMV and GOOSE, which based on the applications of the message priority control, restricting the switch number, virtual local area network (VLAN) and GARP multicast registration protocol (GMRP) classification flow control, etc. In the test-bed, the cases of shared-network and separate-network of SMV and GOOSE were compared and analyzed, and the result was valuable for reference.

NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM UNTUK ANAK PADA TEKS HIKAYAT WASIAT NABI MUHAMMAD (Sebuah Kajian Filologi Telaah Isi Teks di Perpustakaan Nasional Jakarta)

One of the purposes of this research is to save texts from destruction. Text is checked which is inJakarta National Library. Other texts in the form of mikrofis at Leiden University Library do notfigure out in this research because limitation of opportunity and time. Besides that, this research alsoaimed to state messages which consist in the texts. Considering the condition of the texts which arevery worry than it is needed effort to save them. If the effort to save is not immediately done hence thetext will dossolved in few times later. Destruction texts will not only lost one of national cultural butalso will lost values in that texts. From this texts, it can be obtained clear overview about: thinking,culture, trust, and value of society in the last time. Text A is text which was transliterated. This textbecomes basis through comparison two texts namely text A and B. Text A has more complete episodestory than text B. Values in this saga are messages which want to be submitted by author to readers.Those messages are prohibition and suggestion about jima' and fomentations, help each other andlove humanity, govern sholat for every moslem, glorifying parents and teacher, prohibition doing lapand eat illicit food, which all the things are priority messages. Besides those messages there are alsosubordinate messages for example dzikir, comand to learn and to teach science, sleep procedures,govern taubat, and fomentation start the activity using righ hand.Keyword : Islamic Educational Value

Delay Tolerant Networking with Data Triage Method based on Emergent User Policies for Disaster Information Network System

When Disaster Information Network System is considered in local areas that were heavy damaged by the East Japan Great Earthquake in 2011, the resiliency of the network system is one of significant subjects for the restoration of the areas. DTN (Delay Tolerant Network) has been focused for the effective methods for such inoperable network circumstances. However, when DTN is applied for the local areas, there are some problems such as message delivery rate and latency because there are fewer roads, cars, and pedestrians than in urban areas. In this paper, we propose the Enhanced Media Coordinate System for its architecture, and Data Triage method by emergent user policies is introduced to improve the QoS in Disaster Information Network System in local areas. In the proposed method, every message is tagged with the priority levels by data types with considering emergent user policies, and the high priority messages are firstly duplicated to transmittable nodes. Then, the experimental results by the GIS map of a Japanese coastal town and the future studies are discussed.

Message Scheduling on CAN Bus for Large-Scaled Ship Engine Systems

This paper reports novel algorithm for handling real time message scheduling on CAN bus which consider buffer occupancy and message type (alarm, periodic real time and non real time). This algorithm is derived to reduce burden of the distributed control unit (DCU) which have obligation to deliver message within strict time and also manage buffer storage occupancy. The algorithm works by changing the message priority which is attached in the identifier field of message frame. The priority adjustment is performed by online calculation prior to send the message on the CAN bus. Finally, this proposed algorithm is applied on large scale ship engine systems which consist of certain number of DCUs. In this networked control system, the proposed algorithm can decrease message drop. Furthermore, the important message alarm and periodic real time message can be delivered within the deadline.

Lateral motion control for four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles using optimal torque allocation and dynamic message priority scheduling

In this paper, the vehicle lateral motion control of four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles (4WID-EVs) with combined active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) through in-vehicle networks is studied. As a typical over-actuated system, a 4WID-EV requires a control allocation algorithm to achieve the generalized control efforts. In this paper, a quadratic programming (QP) based torque allocation algorithm is proposed with the advantage of equally and reasonably utilizing the tire-road friction of each wheel. It is also well known that the in-vehicle network and x-by-wire technologies have considerable advantages over the traditional point-to-point communications, and bring great strengths to complex control systems such as 4WID-EVs. However, there are also bandwidth limitations which would lead to message time-delays in in-vehicle network communications and degradation of control performance. The paper also proposes a mechanism to effectively utilize the limited network bandwidth resources and attenuate the adverse impact of in-vehicle network-induced time-delays, based on the idea of dynamic message priority scheduling. Simulation results from a high-fidelity vehicle model show that the proposed control architecture with the torque allocation algorithm and message dynamic-priority scheduling procedure can effectively improve the vehicle lateral motion control performance, and significantly reduce the adverse impact of the in-vehicle network message time-delays in the simulated maneuvers.

Investigation of HM-network with priority messages and depending on time incomes from transitions between its states

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, Prace Naukowe Instytutu Matematyki i Informatyki, Politechnika Częstochowska, Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology

Reprint of “Prioritized gossip in vehicular networks”

We propose using real world mobility traces to identify tractable theoretical models for the study of distributed algorithms in mobile networks. Specifically, we derive a vehicular ad hoc network model from a large corpus of position data generated by San Francisco-area taxicabs. Unlike previous work, our model does not assume global connectivity or eventual stability. Instead, we assume only that some subset of processes might be connected through transient paths (e.g., paths that exist over time). We use this model to study the problem of prioritized gossip, in which processes attempt to disseminate messages of different priority. We present CabChat, a distributed prioritized gossip algorithm that leverages an interesting connection to the classic Tower of Hanoi problem to schedule the broadcast of packets of different priorities. Whereas previous studies of gossip leverage strong connectivity or stabilization assumptions to prove the time complexity of global termination, in our model, with its weak assumptions, we instead analyze CabChat with respect to its ability to deliver a high proportion of high priority messages over the transient paths that happen to exist in a given execution.

Prioritizing Food Group Messages: Topics with Most Potential for Improved Consumer Behavior

To identify educational messages that may have the most potential for improved consumer behavior, based on current consumption practices in relation to dietary recommendations. Nutrition educators and their clientele. This analysis builds on prior studies that identified food group intakes in comparison to recommendations and intakes of nutrient-dense versus typically consumed foods. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines encourages increasing consumption of underconsumed food groups and choosing foods in nutrient-dense forms. These recommendations can lead to numerous educational messages for consumers, which may be overwhelming. For each food group, this analysis compared intakes to recommendations and nutrient-dense to typical food choices, to determine where consumer choices differ most from the ideal and which messages provide the most opportunity for improving behavior. For fruits, dark green vegetables, beans and peas, whole grains, and seafood, the difference between intake and recommendations is greater than the difference between nutrient-dense and typical choices. Therefore, priority messages should focus on how to increase intake. For starchy vegetables, meat, and poultry, priority messages should focus on how to select these foods in more nutrient-dense forms. For dairy products and red and orange vegetables, both increased intake and making nutrient-dense choices are important messages. Prioritizing messages on which to focus may help consumers feel less overwhelmed with all of the nutrition messages they hear. This analysis provided an objective method for selecting a message for each food group that may have the most likelihood of making a difference, by allowing consumers to focus on fewer behaviors for improvement.

The asymptotic analysis of the income in closed HM-structure with priority messages

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, Prace Naukowe Instytutu Matematyki i Informatyki, Politechnika Częstochowska, Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology