Principle Of System Research Articles

VOLYN PROVINCE MAGISTRATE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMPERIAL COURT PROCEDURE (1796-1797)

Abstract
 This article aims to examine the process of developing the state court procedure for citizens in the border province of Volyn, in adherence to the imperial "Establishments...". To determine the role of Volyn Province Magistrate as an audit and appeal institution within the regional judicial system, it is necessary to analyze both the theoretical and practical aspects of its operations. 
 The methodology employed in this study incorporates general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specialized historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-typological, prosopographic) methods, along with the principles of historicism, systematicity, and scientificity. This methodology enabled a concentrated examination of the operation of one of the components of the state judicial system for citizens. The analysis and classification of archive documents required the application of critical evaluation and categorization methods. 
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s novel analysis of the operations of an institution distinct from the Rzeczpospolita model, which had already been in operation within the internal provinces of the empire, using archival materials. Inferences are also drawn concerning the place of this institution in the system of state court proceedings for citizens. It is proved that the main role in the work of the institution was played by non-local officials and clerks. The range of issues that were resolved in the magistrate is determined. 
 Conclusions. The imperial policy after the incorporation of the Right Bank was aimed at the complete subjugation of local elites and urban class representatives. This was achieved through establishment of administrative and judicial institutions as outlined in the "Establishments..." (1775). Burghers and merchants were endowed with an exclusive legal system. The Volyn Provincial Magistrate, which was composed of non-local officials and clerks, acted as an audit and appeal intermediary for the courts of first instance – city magistrates. The internal operation of the institution adhered to established conventional practices, which encompassed, among other things, officials undertaking business trips, instances of non-compliance with management directives, and errors in paperwork. Due to the succession of the monarchy, the estate court system, which had been structured in accordance with the "Establishments..." (1775), was eliminated.

MEMOIRS AS EGO-DOCUMENTS: VECTORS OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVE, PRINCIPLES OF USE AND INTERPRETATION

Abstract 
 The purpose of the article is to analyse and review the views of foreign scholars on the problem of memoir sources, their interpretation as ego-documents; to clarify modern theories and discourses on the motivation and vectors of internal narration; studies on the interpretation of self-presentation, the construction of plot structures in memoirs/autobiographies; to highlight the interplay of social construction on memory and understanding your own self. Methodology. The principles of historicism, objectivity, multifactoriality, systematicity, socio-cultural, anthropological, and critical-analytical approaches were followed in the course of the study. The methods of historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative studies, scientific criticism, systematic and analytical, and historical and comparative methods were used. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the conceptual approaches of foreign humanities to the study of the source potential of memoirs, event reflection display problems, memory in written self-presentation. It is found that historical science, sociology, philology, and psychology are actively appeals to memoir/autobiography studios as a unique source of personal experience, imagination, and demonstration of the variability of representation of the past.
 Conclusions. So, memoirs serve as a tool for studying socio-cultural components, historical context, and identity. Today, ego-history is gaining popularity through the dissemination of interventional autobiographies, which are used by historians themselves, constructing history in real time in the first person. Thus, ego-documents significantly expand the scope of academic discourse and demonstrate the relationship between the individual and the collective. A distinctive feature of the contemporary views of American researchers and authors is the identity, the unification of the terminology of memoir and autobiography, that is, the emergence of a hybrid form. Memoirs are an expression of a substitute tradition in relation to the official tradition, giving autonomy to an individual vision. Memoirs play a social role in historical reconstruction. Memoirs/autobiographies are sources of "authentic" knowledge of everyday life on a certain continuum, the history of imagination and values, as opposed to abstraction. The meanings of the experience are merged into semantic formats and organised into vectors of autobiographical narrative. The historian who works with ego-documents as written codes in the course of research gains new knowledge that reveals the specifics of unknown facts and destroys the stability of already conventionally or factually formed opinions, i.e. initiates revisionism of information and a revolution in already established statements that are equated with canons.

Creative Industries in the Epoch of Artificial Intelligence: Tendencies and Challenges

The purpose of the article is to analyse the potential effect of AI implementation in the creative sector or creative industries through consideration of new tendencies and challenges connected with applying this Industry 4.0 technology. Research methodology. The complexity of the topic related to the intensive implementation of computerisation in contemporary culture and the creative sector has necessitated the interdisciplinary approach. The methodological basis of the research on artificial intelligence as an integral socio-cultural phenomenon is a dialectical method and connected with it the principles of systematicity, development, determination, and unity of opposites. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis and theoretical reflection of the potential effect of the implementation an artificial intelligence in the creative sector with an accent on the key tendencies and challenges. Conclusions. The article emphasises that despite unsystematic and sporadic attempts to introduce technology within the creative industries, not only certain patterns and trends are being identified, but also a model of its participation in this sector is being formed. Though artificial intelligence is still not able to function as an autonomous creative subject in the creative spheres this concept may be realised in the future with the conditions of further technological development and risks decreasing. It was found out that one of the constraining factors is misperception of artificial intelligence as the main obstacle to the development of creative industries. These concerns are well-founded and arise from a lack of understanding of the technology and its capabilities. It was proved that to reduce the risks of applying this technology in the sector, it is necessary to co-operate with politicians and work out a regulatory framework that would help to regulate the development and implementation of this technology and, secondly, it is necessary to extend the cooperation as for the technologies exchange to avoid asymmetry inside the sector. Keywords: an artificial intelligence; digital technologies; creative industries; monoculturalisation; post-COVID epoch; mass implementation; generative model.

Law practice in ukraine in the aspect of implementation of general european standards of the organization of legal activities (theoretical and legal aspect)

The article examines the development directions of the advocacy institute based on the analysis of the content of the special legislation of Ukraine. In the aspect of intensifying the processes of European integration of Ukraine, as a candidate state for joining the European Union, the main factors of reforming the institution of advocacy of the self-governing bodies of the advocates are analyzed, the priorities of the reform of the legislation on advocacy are outlined, taking into account the problems of the practice of advocacy. On the basis of a systematic analysis of international and bilateral documents, the latest amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Bar of Ukraine" and laws on the implementation of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen of Ukraine provided for by the Constitution, aspects of the practical implementation of the principles of the rule of law, strict adherence to the constitutional provisions of the law, democracy, social expediency, principles of scientific validity, systematicity and coherence, interconnection and interaction of legislative acts, priority of generally recognized norms and principles of international law in relation to national legislation. The conclusion that the main task in the process of practicing law is to highlight the processes of reforming the institution of advocacy and the mechanisms for ensuring the development of special legislation is substantiated. Special emphasis is placed on improving the self-government of lawyers, guarantees for the protection of the professional rights of lawyers, and strengthening the qualification requirements for persons who must gain access to the profession of lawyer.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The article examines the process of decentralization as a basis for the implementation of reforms in education, which are due to the entry of Ukraine into the European educational space. It was revealed that over the years of implementation of the administrative reform in the communities, the experience of effective management of education has been gained; a new methodical service system was created; there was an understanding of the need to discuss the issue of the quality of education with parents, teachers, and the public. After all, the issues of the quality of education remain relevant even in such a difficult period that Ukraine is currently experiencing. It was found that the education quality system is impossible without a modern, comprehensive system of assessment of both the quality of education as a whole and all its components separately. The vision of the future of education and science of Ukraine, as one of the strategic goals, defines the obligation for children to acquire quality education in accordance with the principles and approaches of the National Academy of Sciences. It was determined that the problems of assessing the quality of school education are discussed by practitioners of school management, who state that there are two directions of assessing the quality of school education. One is related to the development of quantitative analysis based on statistical observation data, external evaluation of educational achievements, the second - to the shift of priorities in evaluating the quality of school education from the process to the result. Also, in school education, there is a lack of development of an effective mechanism for measuring and evaluating the quality of elements of the educational process. The factors that, according to experts, principals, teachers and parents, have the greatest influence on the quality of education have been identified: cooperation between participants in the educational process; safe environment for children; sufficient qualification of teaching staff. It is justified that it is possible to assess the quality of education using monitoring procedures, the purpose of which is to forecast and plan the development of education; determination of the effectiveness of the use of community funds and resources; comparison of educational institutions of the same community. It was concluded that monitoring should be based on the principles of systematicity, expediency, transparency of monitoring procedures, responsible attitude to their activities of the subjects participating in the preparation and monitoring. Evaluation of monitoring results will reveal the effectiveness of the educational process, weaknesses and problems.

INFLUENCE OF THE SLOVAK FACTOR ON THE EVENTS OF AUGUST 1968 IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The article highlights the influence of the Slovak factor on the events of August 1968 in Czechoslovakia, when the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries were introduced to the country in order to curtail the democratic reforms of the "Prague Spring". The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The lower chronological limit of the study is dictated by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia on the night of August 20–21, 1968. The upper chronological limit of the article is determined by the completion of the work of the Congress of the Communist Party of Slovakia, which, not recognizing the results of the Extraordinary XIV Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, destroyed Czechoslovak unity in the political confrontation with the Soviet Union and laid the foundations for the "normalization" regime. The research methodology in this article is based on the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematics. The author used such special-historical methods as historical-comparative, problem-chronological, historiographical analysis, etc. The article found that the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries in August 1968 stopped the process of federalization of the country. The USSR, having achieved its military goals in Czechoslovakia, suffered a political defeat because it failed to achieve the transfer of power in the country to the hands of pro-Kremlin politicians. This was evidenced by the reaction of the authorities and society to the presence of foreign troops in the Czechoslovak SSR and the results of the work of the Extraordinary General Assembly of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine. The author found out that in order to "normalize" the situation in the Czechoslovak SSR, during the Moscow negotiations with representatives of the Czechoslovak authorities in August 1968, the USSR used the desire of Slovaks for equality in its own interests and promised support in the issue of the future state-legal system. As a result, the "father of the federation" G. Husak, who was present at the negotiations, pragmatically changed course and became a supporter of L. Brezhnev, thus destroying the unity of the Czechoslovak authorities in their views on the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the troops of the Warsaw Pact countries and its consequences. In the interests of the USSR, G. Husak prevented Slovak communists from supporting the decisions of the Extraordinary Central Committee of the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine at the Bratislava congress and, as the head of the party, actively participated in the "normalization" of the situation in Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1968. As a result, the process of federalization of Czechoslovakia, despite the gradual collapse of democratic reforms of the "Prague Spring", as expected, was quickly restored.

Intersect of Money Laundering and Electoral Crimes in the Context of Election Campaign Finance

This paper aims to analyze the intersection between the PPTPPU Law and the Election Law in the context of election campaign funding, compare money laundering arrangements in the PPTPPU Law and the Election Law, and recommend ideal arrangements for handling money laundering in the context of future election campaign funding. The intersection between the PPTPPU Law and the Election Law regarding the provisions prohibiting receiving money from criminal acts has raised legal issues, namely which law should be applied, since both are special laws, furthermore this will also lead to different arrangements in each law. - the law, as well as PPATK not being involved in the handling of money laundering, which has been transformed into an election crime under the regime of the Election Law. The problem continues with the unregulated prohibition of giving election campaign fund contributions originating from criminal acts in the Election Law, and this shows the inconsistency of legislators in adopting the concept of money laundering into the Election Law. The method used is the normative legal research method. The results of the study show that based on the lex specialist systematic principle, the law that is applied is the Election Law. The Election Law does not stipulate active money laundering provisions, only regulates passive money laundering, while the PPTPPU Law regulates both; in the future, it is necessary to formulate active money laundering provisions in the Election Law.

Description of the Divergence of Subpopulations in the Hierarchical System under the Analysis of Isonymy. III. Surname Inbreeding Coefficient

The hierarchical structure of metapopulations characteristic of humans with their subdivision into parts (subpopulations), usually classified on the basis of administrative-territorial division, principles of biological systematics, etc., is considered. Attention is focused on the description of surname divergence of subpopulations. The surname inbreeding coefficient Fs is expressed through the divergence indices, which is similar to the traditional inbreeding coefficient in population genetics. Its expansion by hierarchy levels into the sum of increments of the surname inbreeding coefficient corresponding to separate levels is obtained. The relationship between the found decomposition and the decomposition of the dispersion of the distribution of the surname concentration by subpopulations is demonstrated. With an additional assumption about the independence of the concentration of the surname and Fs, the factorization of Fs by hierarchy levels is found in line with the ideas of S. Wright. It is simplified with a small surname divergence of subpopulations when the Fs coefficient of the entire metapopulation is equal to the sum of the average Fs values at individual levels of the hierarchy. The underestimation of surname inbreeding was obtained, when subpopulations of a higher rank serve as units of observation instead of undivided subpopulations of the first level of the hierarchy. These results are statistical characteristics of the hierarchical structure, and not a feature of a particular population system, and do not follow from one or another model of microevolution. They are computationally independent of the hierarchical system under study, but allow characterizing their heterogeneity quantitatively. The results obtained refer to rural and urban hierarchical metapopulations as separate components of the entire population. In an appendix that can be read independently, genetic analogues of the properties found are given without proof in respect to the genetic structure of a metapopulation.

Analysis of the project proposals for the reconstruction of the Tomilivskyi park, a memorial of landscape gardening art of local significance

In Ukraine, about 500 objects have the status of a park-memorial of landscape art, most of which require restoration measures. That is why the analysis of project proposals for the reconstruction of a park-memorial of landscape art on the example of Tomylivskyi Park, a park-monument of local importance, is an urgent task. This park was created in the middle of the last century near the city of Bila Tserkva as an arboretum of the forestry on an area of 2.4 hectares. The inventory revealed that 76 species of woody plants grow in the park, some of which are 60–70 years old. Their preservation is one of the goals of the reconstruction. The project was based on a reference plan made on the basis of a geodetic survey of the territory and an inventory of the park’s plantations. A detailed study of the situation made it possible to divide the trees into three large groups: the most valuable, relatively valuable, and those to be removed, and to mark their growth areas on the plan in different colours. The development of park management measures involves sanitary and landscape felling and the formation of tree crowns. At this stage dead, dying and heavily infested with Viscum album L. trees are to be removed. For the remaining trees, branches infested with mistletoe and lower branches up to a height of 4–6 m, as well as damaged branches, are removed, which will significantly improve the illumination of the canopy under the trees and free up space for planting new trees and shrubs and create conditions for the growth of herbaceous plants. The need to remove some healthy trees of self-seeding origin is discussed. It is proposed to expand the network of park paths, to ensure the expansion of existing paths and to install a hard top surface. It is proposed to install small architectural forms for utilitarian and decorative purposes. It is planned to create a number of wooden sculptures from the trunks of dead trees. The optimization of the park plantations involves planting 76 species and cultivars of woody plants, creating of compositions based on a systematic principle, addition of trees groups with backdrops of ornamental shrubs and forming of multi-tiered plantations on the edges of lawns and along the park’s borders. The planting of long-lasting coniferous and deciduous trees next to existing mature specimens is justified. Key words: landscaping, species, trees, shrubs, cultivar, planting, optimization, landscape, park, reconstruction, herbaceous perennials.

Ten Flaws of Systematic Mechanical Alignment Total Knee Arthroplasty

Mechanical alignment (MA) and its tenets have been considered essential for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) success since they were introduced in 1973. However, over time, there have been colossal advances in our knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and kinematics of the knee, as well as in surgical precision and implants. However, the MA systematic principles of prosthetic arthroplasty and implant position related to the lower-extremity mechanical axis, have only recently been called into question. The high rates of dissatisfaction and residual pain reported after MA TKA prompted this questioning, and that leaves plenty of room for improvement. Despite the general consensus that there is great variability between patients’ anatomy, it is still the norm to carry out a systematic operation that does not consider individual variations. Evolving to a more personalized arthroplasty surgery was proposed as a rational and reasonable option to improve patient outcomes. Transitioning to a personalized TKA approach requires questioning and even disregarding certain MA TKA principles. Based on current knowledge, we can state that certain principles are erroneous or unfounded. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss and challenge 10 previously accepted, yet we believe, flawed, principles of MA, and to present an alternative concept, which is rooted in personalized TKA techniques.

THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC AND ITS FIRST PRESIDENT IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF M. SLAVINSKY

The article is devoted to the perception of the Czechoslovak Republic and the personality of its first president, T.G. Masaryk, by the famous Ukrainian socio-political, cultural and educational figure Maksym Slavinsky (1868-1945). The research methodology is based on the study and critical analysis of M. Slavinsky's official addresses to the top leadership of Czechoslovakia, his interviews and publications about T. G. Masaryk, essays on international relations and other political journalism. The use of the research principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and systematicity contributed to the study of the peculiarities of M. Slavinsky's perception of the Czechoslovak Republic and the figure of its first president, T. G. Masaryk. The author of the article notes that one of the priority objects of study for Ukrainian emigrants in the interwar period was the Czechoslovak Republic and the figure of its first president T. G. Masaryk. To a large extent, this is explained by the unique support of the authorities of this country for the cultural needs of Ukrainian refugees. In their writings, teaching staff and students of educational and cultural-scientific institutions established in the Czechoslovak Republic repeatedly paid attention to various aspects of T. G. Masaryk's activities, thus expressing gratitude to the Czechoslovak Republic and its leader for their support. It was noted that the peculiarity of the coverage of this topic by M. Slavinsky was that he touched it not as a scientist, but as a statesman, being in 1919-1923 the head of the Extraordinary Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the Czechoslovak Republic, in 1923-1939 - as an emigrant. It was established that as the head of the diplomatic mission of the Ukrainian People's Republic and later as an emigrant, M. Slavinsky evaluated the figure of T.G. Masaryk from the point of view of his political successes. A certain glorification is noticeable in the assessments of the president of Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak Republic was mentioned in the context of a successful state-building experience, in particular, its democracy, political consolidation of the country, peaceful foreign policy were noted. He assessed the attitude towards Ukraine as neutrality, noted Prague's support for Ukrainian military emigration. The high evaluations of the Czechoslovak Republic were not determined only by the diplomatic tact of the representative of Ukraine. They reflected the serious domestic and foreign political achievements of the young state. As an emigrant, M. Slavinsky did not change his high assessment of the Czechoslovak Republic and its first president, he emphasized their support for the cultural life of Ukrainian emigrants. However, after the destruction of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1938-1939, M. Slavinsky mentioned the unresolved national issue and stated the problems of the country's foreign policy orientation.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIRST LADY (on the Example of Ukraine and Poland)

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the First Lady's activities in the field of public diplomacy on the example of Ukraine and Poland. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematicity, and general scientific and specialised methods, including the biographical method. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in raising the issue of the institution of the First Lady as a subject of public diplomacy and analysing the activities of the First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland in this area. Conclusions: Based on the activities of the First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland, it can be argued that Agata Kornhauser-Duda and Olena Zelenska have changed the perception of the role of presidential wives in the development of public diplomacy. Despite the first mentions of public diplomacy in the late nineteenth century, the testing of its tools in the first half of the twentieth century, active involvement in academic and professional use began in the second half of the twentieth century, and in Ukraine in the twenty-first century. Elements of public diplomacy can be seen in the activities of the wives of the first persons of Ukraine and Poland during the struggle for statehood: Maria Hrushevska, Aleksandra Piłsudska, Olha Petliura, and Michalina Mościcka. They created the historical basis for the use of public diplomacy tools by First Ladies. The modern First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland in addition to their traditional duties have mastered the tools of public diplomacy to create a positive image of their countries in the minds of other countries. The use of this toolkit gained particular importance with the outbreak of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine and, in fact, the entire civilised world on 24 February 2022. Agata Kornhauser-Duda and Olena Zelenska demonstrate that the First Lady's Institute belongs to the public diplomacy community.

The Application of The “Project-Based” Piano Teaching Model at Universities

The teaching of basic piano playing skills is a fundamental and compulsory course for higher teacher training in music education. Only by fully embodying the principles of systematicity, progressiveness, practicality, and innovation in piano education can we better meet the requirements of the higher teacher training objectives. This paper combines theories of cognition, psychology, and education with constructivist learning theory to advocate a teaching philosophy centered on a “Project-based” piano teaching model. This study takes the scientific and feasibility of the “Project-based” piano teaching mode as its research objective. Through an in-depth study of its constituent elements, including teaching content, the application process, teaching strategies, and application guarantees, the ultimate aim is to be able to effectively stimulate students' interest in learning the piano, develop their independent learning ability and innovation, and accelerate the learning process of keyboard skills.

Didactic potential of educational VR films (on the example of the film “Electric power industry of Russia”)

The introduction of modern video technologies into pedagogical practice is one of the ways to increase students’ motivation to learn about the world. The article describes in detail the advantages, methodological purpose, and didactic potential of educational VR films on the example of the film in 360° format “Electric power industry of Russia”, created by a team of employees of The Academy of Public Policy Implementation and Professional Development of Educators of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (The Academy of Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation) for free use in Russian educational organizations.The methodology of the study of educational VR films didactic potential presented in the article is based on the activity approach to learning, the principles of systematicity, and interdisciplinarity. The activity approach in the use of VR film is provided by the maximum effect of presence, which is experienced by the viewer, and independence in the choice of the subject of attention. The work of an active and proactive student is complemented by the activity of a teacher who can guide the student and choose objects from an educational VR film to set learning objectives, and formulate questions and tasks. The principles of systematicity and interdisciplinarity are provided by educational content created on the basis of the integration of knowledge from different subject areas, which allows teachers to use the didactic potential of the VR film in different disciplines and age groups.The proposed methodological solutions for the use of VR film are of practical value for the educational process in a modern school: they contribute to the formation of a holistic view of students about the achievements of Russian science and modern professions (in particular, in the electric power industry), the education of patriotism and pride in the Fatherland, the development of skills of independence and self-control in learning activities.The authors see the development of the project as one of the strategic directions in the field of digital transformation of education, aimed at improving the quality of education of modern schoolchildren.

Biobibliographical Indexes of Researchers as a Source of Studying the Activities of the OUN-UPA and Determining the Legal Status of Their Participants

The purpose of the study is to compare the results of the activities of scientists and lawmakers regarding the recognition and definition of the national liberation movement and the legal status of its participants on the example of the activities of the OUN and the UPA. Research methodology: the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematics and comprehensiveness were applied, as well as – general methods of scientific research – analysis, synthesis, and comparison. Scientific novelty: for the first time, an attempt was made to show the conformity of the laws of Ukraine, in particular, “On the legal status and commemoration of fighters for the independence of Ukraine in the 20th century”, to the results of scientific research on the recognition and the definition of the Ukrainian liberation movement of the 1920–1950 years and the legal status of its participants. Conclusions. A complete inconsistency between the results of the scientists' scientific research was revealed, which is reflected in the personal indexes concluded in their honour, and the law of Ukraine “On the legal status and commemoration of the fighters for the independence of Ukraine in the 20th century” regarding recognition and definition of the Ukrainian liberation movement of the 1920–1950 years and of the legal status of its participants. Contrary to the research of scholars, local historians at the legislative level, members of the OUN, soldiers of the UPA and other nationalist organisations of the 1920s-1950s were recognised as fighters not for an independent sovereign and cathedral Ukrainian state, but for the independence of the Ukrainian SSR, against which they waged an uncompromising struggle. After all, in the second half of 1991, the Ukrainian SSR was officially renamed Ukraine, and the independent state – the Republic of Ukraine, according to the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996, was not created. This also explains the absence of a definition of the liberation struggle or resistance movement in the mentioned law of Ukraine. Keywords: personal indexes of researchers, national liberation struggle, OUN-UPA, sovereign Ukrainian state, the law of Ukraine “On the legal status and commemoration of the fighters for the independence of Ukraine in the 20th century”, the Republic of Ukraine.

DDR-Based PWM technique for fixed frequency three-phase to variable frequency K-phase power conversion using QZSDMC

This research presents a novel direct AC-to-AC topology for converting power from three phases (3φ) to five phases (5φ). The power conversion is handled by a Quasi Z Source Direct Matrix Converter (QZSDMC). This device is made up of a regular Direct Matrix Converter (DMC) and a pseudo Z-source impedance network that are serially connected. The proposed QZSDMC receives alternating current power in 3φ at a fixed voltage and frequency and outputs it in 5φ at a variable voltage and frequency to a standalone system. You can switch between buck and boost mode with a couple of switch flips. The shoot-through Duty Ratio value might help us understand the voltage transferal ratio. The authors suggested a unique control mechanism based on Direct Duty Ratio Pulse Width Modulation (DDRPWM) in this work. The method described here is only relevant when the amount of output phases is odd, not even. The paper uses MATLAB tools and experimental results to show the proposed system's operational principle in detail and prove its viability. Here, buck and boost conditions in all four quadrant modes with the proposed QZSDMC architecture, and the voltage gain constraint are addressed. It is more dependable, more efficient, and less expensive than a traditional back-to-back converter (B2BC).

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENT IN THE TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS

30–35% of the competencies of higher education students (defined by the standard for specialty 231 «Social work») can be formed in the process of studying social and psychological educational disciplines. Therefore, the article analyzes the educational and professional programs of eleven Ukrainian institutions of higher education, which provide training in the specialty 231 «Social work». The purpose of the study was: 1) to analyze the weight of social-psychological competences in the standard of higher education of specialty 231; 2) to analyze the socio-psychological educational offers of institutions of higher education in the specialty «Social work»; 3) to propose the structure of educational disciplines of social and psychological topics for this specialty. It was found that Ukrainian institutions of higher education do not have a single strategy regarding the location of social-psychological training courses for the training of specialists in the «Social Work» specialty. The number of social and psychological disciplines ranges from 6 to 12 (for the «bachelor» educational level). We offered socio-psychological educational disciplines, adhering to the principles of systematicity and sequence of the educational process. Future social workers are offered to study «Fundamentals of personality psychology, age and differential psychology» and «Social psychology in social work» in the 1st year. In the second year – «Psychodiagnostics», «Game and artistic methods of social work», «Social prevention of deviant behavior», «Family psychology». In the third year – «Child and gerontological psychology», «Communication training», «Management psychology», «Mediation in conflict resolution». In the fourth year – «Intercultural communication and social work with migrants», «Criminal psychology, penitentiary and post-penitentiary social work», «Psychology of social work with deviant behavior of children and adolescents». For the master's degree, we suggest mastering the issues of «Organizational Psychology», «Psychology of Creativity», and «Social and Psychological Work in the Community».

Typology of Metaphor Transfer Techniques (German Translation of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s ‘The Gulag Archipelago’)

In this article, we propose an original typology of metaphor transfer techniques based on the analysis of domestic and foreign translation theorists’ experience. The relevance of the study lies in the need to review existing classifications of techniques, unify terminology, identify principles of systematization, and clarify the scope and content of translation operations. The novelty of the research lies in the description of a new developed typology, which structures techniques according to types based on the principle of preserving the original figurative basis, and subtypes depending on the method of transferring form and content, as well as reproducing extralinguistic components. The methodological basis of the study is classification, as well as a comparative analysis of original metaphors and their translations, conducted with the support of a definitional analysis of metaphorically used lexical units, contextual and component types of analysis. The application of the typology on the German translation of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s ‘The Gulag Archipelago’ (A. Peturnig, 1974), accompanied by translation commentaries, has shown that all examined techniques have the potential to ensure a high degree of adequacy in translation, with the core being the reproduction of pragmatic effect and successful implementation of communicative tasks.

Ukrainian Military Themes in the Historical Battle Painting of Andrii Kholomeniuk

The purpose of the work is to investigate the topic of Ukrainian military history in the historical-battle painting of A. Kholomeniuk; analyse the main cycles and their plot, imagery, author's interpretation. The research methodology consists in the application of the historical-chronological method, comparison and generalisation, art analysis, with the application of the principles of systematicity and historicism. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematic generalisation and analysis of the artistic works of the famous artist-battalist A. Kholomeniuk, which reproduce various historical periods of the military history of Ukraine, mainly the late Middle Ages and the Cossack region. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that in his work A. Kholomeniuk addresses various topics and plots of Ukrainian military history, among which the large cycle of works "The Khotyn War of 1621" (approx. 80 paintings) occupies a prominent place, which serves as a kind of pictorial encyclopaedia of Ukrainian Cossacks. A. Kholomenyuk's battle paintings have a distinct author's style of painting, with an expressive manner and play of colour, light and shadow, characterised by perfect composition and a deep study of historical details and context. The battle-historical works of A. Kholomeniuk belong to the important examples of modern Ukrainian historical-battle painting, which vividly reflects Ukrainian military themes.
 Keywords: A. Kholomeniuk, battle-historical painting, battle studies, historical themes, military history of Ukraine, Cossack period.

Study of the Phenomenon of “Performers” During the Great Terror of 1937–1938

The article examines the phenomenon of “performers” during the Great Terror of 1937–1938 in Ukrainian historiography of the mid-1990s – 2020s is studied. Research methodology and methods. Exploring the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity, comprehensiveness, and continuity, the author reveals their dependency on the origin of historical knowledge. The factor of subjectivity (the researcher’s personality) is particularly determining and obstructing objectivity of the research. The author employed historiographical analysis, synthesis, typology of research directions, and comparative analysis. Conclusions. The study of the phenomenon of the “perpetrator” of the Great Terror became possible only after the complete declassification of the documents of the communist special services. The study of the phenomenon had a certain dynamic – from the role of the “general director of terror” Joseph Stalin, his closest entourage, the people’s commissars of Internal affairs of the USSR and Soviet Ukraine to the activities of specific investigators of the regional Ukrainian NKVD, heads of district apparatuses, direct executioners of death sentences. The researchers were able to outline the overall portrait of the performer: Chekist-organizer, Chekist-investigator, Chekist-executioner. Researchers have identified some patterns of Chekists’ behaviour when accused of “violating socialist legality” by the top political leadership. The patterns indicate attempts to avoid or reduce punishment, to not openly accuse Stalin and the higher party-Soviet leadership of forcing them to commit the crime. This shows that criticism of the Communist Party was inadmissible in their corporate worldview. Such a tendency was characteristic of the Soviet security organs throughout the life of the communist regime.